Name : Period:

April 15, 2021 Teacher :

1. A rare tropical plant was found to have medicinal properties. A search was conducted to find other
plants that are closely related to the rare plant. Which combination of characteristics would best
identify the plant most closely related to the original one?
1) shape of seeds, number of flower petals, leaf pigments
2) number of flower petals, positive reaction to a specific enzyme
3) leaf pigments, sequence of DNA bases, positive reaction to a specific enzyme
4) presence of DNA bases, internal stem structure, shape of seeds
2. Base your answer to the following question on
the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Caretakers at a zoo are trying to determine which of two male tigers fathered the newest cub.
They obtained DNA from the tiger cub, the mother tiger, and the two male tigers. The DNA was
analyzed. The results of the analysis are shown below.

Which male tiger is the father of the newborn cub? Support your answer.

Male tiger: ________________

3. A plant was discovered that contained a compound that was found to have potential medicinal value.
However, the plant is rare, so it is important to see if a related plant might also produce the same
compound. The chart shows some characteristics of the plant and four possible relatives.

Which plant in the chart would be selected as most similar to the medicinal plant?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
4. The diagram below represents the results of a laboratory procedure.

This procedure is used to

1) separate molecules in a liquid mixture
2) determine the rate of photosynthesis in plants
3) detect glucose in a solution
4) examine the gene sequences of organisms
5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
Letters A through E represent different species of organisms. The arrows represent long periods of
geologic time.

Which species would most likely show the greatest similarities in their amino acid sequences?
1) A and E 2) A and B 3) B and D 4) C and E
6. Base your answer to the following question on
the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different plant
species, A, B, and C. In order to do this, they examined the stems and DNA of these species.
Diagram 1 represents a microscopic view of the cross sections of the stems of these three species.
DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results are
shown in diagram 2. Based on the data they collected, they drew diagram 3 to represent the
possible evolutionary relationships.

This technique used to analyze DNA involves the

1) synthesis of new DNA strands from subunits
2) separation of DNA fragments based on size
3) production of genetically engineered DNA molecules
4) removal of defective genes from DNA
7. The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel
electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel
electrophoresis results is shown below.

Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

1) They have the correct child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father.
2) They have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match that of either parent.
3) They have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents.
4) They have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother.
8. Two methods of reproduction are represented in the diagram below.

How does the DNA in the offspring produced by these methods compare to the DNA in the original
organism?
1) The offspring contain half the original number of chromosomes in each method.
2) The DNA in the offspring is genetically identical to that of the original organism in both methods.
3) The offspring produced by method A contain twice the original number of genes, while those
produced by method B contain half the original number of genes.
4) The number of DNA bases is less than that of the original organism in method A,but more than
the original number in method B.
9. The diagram below represents the cloning of a carrot plant.

Compared to each cell of the original carrot plant, each cell of the new plant will have
1) the same number of chromosomes and the same types of genes
2) the same number of chromosomes, but different types of genes
3) half the number of chromosomes and the same types of genes
4) half the number of chromosomes, but different types of genes
10. Steps in a reproductive process used to produce a
sheep with certain traits are listed below.

Step 1 —
The nucleus was removed from an unfertilized egg
taken from sheep A.
Step 2 —
The nucleus of a body cell taken from sheep B was
then inserted into this unfertilized egg from sheep A.
Step 3 —
The resulting cell was then implanted into the uterus
of sheep C.
Step 4 — Sheep C gave birth to sheep D.

Which sheep would be most genetically similar to

sheep D?
1) sheep A, only
2) sheep B, only
3) both sheep A and B
4) both sheep A and C
11. A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that it
can be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, a
single-celled organism. The scientist needs to use a
special type of organic molecule to perform this
cutting process. This molecule is
1) a lipid 2) a carbohydrate
3) an enzyme 4) a hormone
12. A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram
below.

Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are
1) larger, and move slower 2) larger, and move faster
3) smaller, and move faster 4) smaller, and move slower
13. People with cystic fibrosis inherit defective genetic
information and cannot produce normal CFTR
proteins. Scientists have used gene therapy to insert
normal DNA segments that code for the missing
CFTR protein into the lung cells of people with
cystic fibrosis. Which statement does not describe a
result of this therapy?
1) Altered lung cells can produce the normal
CFTR protein.
2) Altered lung cells can divide to produce other
lung cells with the normal CFTR gene.
3) The normal CFTR gene may be expressed in
altered lung cells.
4) Offspring of someone with altered lung cells
will inherit the normal CFTR gene.
14. Which activity enables humans to produce new
genetic combinations in other organisms?
1) selecting and breeding the organisms for
specific traits
2) increasing the number of enzymes available to
the organisms
3) growing organisms that reproduce asexually
4) decreasing the amount of DNA in the diet of the
organisms
15. Selective breeding is a technique that is used to
1) give all organisms a chance to reproduce
2) produce organisms from extinct species
3) produce offspring with certain desirable traits
4) keep farm crops free of all mutations
16. The sickle-cell trait is an inherited condition
resulting from the presence of abnormal molecules
of the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells. A
person with the sickle-cell trait may have a child
with the same condition because the child receives
from the parent
1) abnormal red blood cells
2) abnormal hemoglobin molecules
3) a code for the production of abnormal
hemoglobin
4) a code for the production of abnormal amino
acids
17. Base your answer to the following question on the
list below. For each phrase in the questions below,
select the genetic disorder, chosen from the list
below, that is best described by that phrase.
Genetic Disorders
(1) PKU
(2) Tay-Sachs
(3) Sickle-cell anemia
Inability of individuals to metabolize phenylalanine
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3
 Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on
the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.

18. The technique illustrated in the diagram is known as

1) cloning
2) genetic engineering
3) protein synthesis
4) in vitro fertilization
19. Structure B represents
1) a ribosome 2) transfer RNA
3) recombinant DNA 4) a male gamete

20. Recombinant DNA is presently used in the

biotechnology industry to
1) eliminate all infectious disease in livestock
2) synthesize insulin, interferon, and human
growth hormone.
3) increase the frequency of fertilization
4) create populations that exhibit incomplete
dominance
21. A product of genetic engineering technology is
represented below.

Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene

to the bacterial DNA as shown?
1) a specific carbohydrate
2) a specific enzyme
3) hormones
4) antibodies
22. The gene for the production of human insulin is
inserted into certain bacterial cells. The offspring of
these bacterial cells will most likely be able to
1) destroy pathogens
2) reproduce sexually
3) synthesize this hormone
4) form human tissue
23. Which statement best describes the result of some of
the processes involved in genetic engineering?
1) They alter the arrangement of hereditary
material.
2) They provide energy for mitosis and meiosis.
3) They are necessary for normal gamete
formation.
4) They reduce variation in organisms that
reproduce asexually.