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Who Moved My Cheese?
by
Dr Spencer Johnson
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Who Moved My Cheese?
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ABBOTT LABS
BAUSCH & LOMB
BELL SOUTH
BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB
CITI BANK
CHASE MANHATTAN
EASTMAN KODAK
EXXON
GEORGIA PACIFIC
GENERAL MOTORS
GOODYEAR
GREYHOUND
LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES
MARRIOTT
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MEAD JOHNSON
MOBIL
OCEANEERING
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
STATE FARM
TEXTRON
TEXACO
WHIRLPOOL
XEROX
CHURCHES AND HOSPITALS
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
UNITED STATES MILITARY
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David A.Heena
Board Member
PETER F. DRUCKER GRANDUATE MANAGEMENT
CENTRE
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Michael Morley
Senior Vice President
EASTMAN KODAK
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Lt.Col.Wayne Washer
AERONAUTICAL SCIENCE CENTER
WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Joan Banks,
Performance Effectiveness Specialist
WHIRLPOOL CORPORATION
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Dathy Cleveland Bull

Director of Fraining
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Michale Carlson
President
EDISON PLASTICS
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Charlie Jones
Hall of Fame Sportscaster
NBC TELEVISION
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Albert J.simone
President
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Randy Harris
Former Vice-Chairman
MERRILL LYNCH INTERNATIONAL
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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John A.Lopiano,
Senior Vice President
XEROX DOCUMENT COMPANY
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Bruce Crager
Senior Vp
OCEANEERING INETRNATIONAL INC
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Topper Long
Division President
TEXTRON
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Sally Grumbles,
BELLSOUTH
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
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rnfyHk toHk;csawmhrnfhtaMumif; toD;oD; aqG;aEG;cef;jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfjzefYa0onfh ]azmifpdrf;} pmtkyfzwfol uRefawmhfXmerS wpfcsdKUvlrsm;uawmh aemufqHk;

tcef;udk rzwfyJ csefxm;Mu\/ olwdkYbmomolwdkY t"dyÜg,faumufrnf qdkonfhoabm/ tcsdKUurl
Zmwfvrf;aemufqufwGJ aqG;aEG;cef;udk BudKufMuonf/ zwfNyD;awmh olwdkY pOf;pm;awG;ac:rIudk vIyfEId;
ay;onfESifhwlaMumif; ajymMu\/ olwdkYaqG;aEG;yHkESifh rdrdwkdYtajctaeay:rlwnfNyD; rnfodkY toHk;cs&
rnfudk aumufcsuf qGJEkdifonf[k jrifMu\/
rnfodkY&Sdap? onfpmtkyfi,fonf jyefzwfwdkif;zwfwkdif; topftopfaom tawG;tjrif wpfrsdK;rsdK;udk

&&SdonfrSm uRefawmfhvufawGU jzpfygonf/ onftawG;tjrifonf oifhudk tajymif;tvJudk &ifqdkifzdkY
taxmuftul jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ NyD;awmh atmifjrifrI vrf;aMumif;ay:odkY ydkYay;ygvdrfhrnf/
oif&SmazGawGU&SdorQ oifhtwGuf tusdK;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ usef;rmygap/
'defcJESifhtwl vkdufa½TUaezdkY owdav; uyfxm;yg/
uJheuf bvif;cs'f
pef'Da,;*dk;?1998
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
jyefvnfí awGUqHkMujcif;
csDum*dk
csDum*dkNrdKUwGif aeomaom we*FaEGaeY jzpfygonf/ aeYvnfpm pkpm;zdkY oli,fcsif;awG wpfpk

wpfa0;BuD; jyefvnf qHkawGUonhfyGJjzpf\/ raeYnuvnf; txufwef; ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm; jyefqHkyGJ
vkyfNyD;NyD/ onfaeYyGJrSm rausyGJjzpf\/ pum;awG ajymvdkYr0Muao;/ wpfa,muftaMumif; wpfa,muf
odcsif Mum;csifMuao;onf/
tpm;taomufawG wpf0BuD; pm;Mu/ tm;&yg;& &,farm aemufajymifMuNyD;aemufrS pum;0kdif;rSm

av;eufonfh taMumif;t&mqDodkY OD;wnfoGm;avonf/
wpfcsdefwkef;u twef;xJwGif rsufESmtyGifhqHk; tif*svmu pum;ponf/
]]b0[m 'gavmufBuD; ajymif;vJoGm;vdrfhr,fvdkY ausmif;rSmwkef;u igrxifcJhbl;/ wu,fhudk

tajymif;vJBuD; ajymif;vJoGm;MuNyDaemf}}
]]'gaygh . . 'gaygh . . aoaocsmcsmudk ajymif;vJoGm;Muwm}}
aeoefu tif*svmudk axmufcHvdkufjcif;jzpf\/ aeoefrSm rdom;pkvkyfief;xJ 0ifvdkufaMumif;

oli,fcsif;tm;vHk; odMuonf/ ol\vkyfief;rSm olwdkYNrdKUuav;wGif [dk; . . olwdkY i,fi,fu twdkif;
twuftusr&Sd qufoGm;aeaMumif;vnf; tm;vHk; odxm;Mu\/
olu ar;cGef; xkwfao;\/
]]'gayr,fh ajymif;vJrIeJY ezl;awGU'l;awGU MuHK&wJhtcg igwdkYwpfawG tajymif;tvJudk vufrcHcsifMubl;

qdkwma&m owdxm;rdMu&JUvm;}}
um;vdkYpfu 0ifaqG;aEG;onf/
]]ightxifawmh tajymif;tvJudk vufcH&rSm igwdkYaMumufaewmjzpfr,f}}
]]eifu ausmif;wkef;u abmvHk;toif; uyÜwdefyg[,f . . taMumufw&m;taMumif; eifajymvdrfhr,f

vdkY ig b,fwkef;urS rxifcJhbl;}}
*sufpDumu 0ifaxmufawmh tm;vkH; &,fMuonf/ olwdkYtm;vHk;onf b0vrf; toG,foG,fxJodkY

toD;oD;0ifa&mufMu avQmufoGm;Mu&aomfjim;vnf; (tdrftvkyf vkyfaeMu&olrsm;rS ukrÜPD refae*smrsm;
txdyg\/) olwdkYtm;vHk;onf tajymif;tvJudk &ifqdkifzdkY 0efav;onfhae&mwGif wlnDaejcif;aMumifh
&,farmrdMujcif; jzpfavonf/
vGefcJhaomESpfrsm;u olwdkY udk,fpDawGUMuHKcJh&onfh ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk jzwfoef;ausmfvTm;zdkY olwdkYtm;vHk;

BudK;pm;cJhMu&onf/ wu,fhwu,f tajymif;tvJESifh &ifqdkifMuHKawGU&onfhtcg ydkifydkifEkdifEdkif udkifwG,fEkdif
onfh enf;vrf;rsdK; rawGUaMumif; olwdkYtrsm;pku 0efcHMuonf/
þwGif rdkufu,fu paqG;aEG;onf/
]]udk,fvJ ajymif;vJrIudk aMumufcJhwmyJ/ wdkYvkyfief;cGifxJrSm {&mr tajymif;tvJawG jzpfvmawmh

udk,fhwdkYtm;vHk; bmvkyfvdkY bmudkif&rSef;rodatmif jzpfcJhMu&w,f? 'gaMumifh bmrSrvkyfjzpfcJhbl;? tJ'DvdkeJY
ukrÜPD ysufvkcref; jzpfcJh&w,f}}
olu cPqdkif;NyD; pum;qufonf/
]]tJ'DrSmwif &,fp&m Zmwfvrf;uav;wpfyk'f udk,fMum;cGifh&vdkufw,f? tJ'D Zmwfvrf;uav;u
t&mwkdif;udk ajymif;vJypfvdkufwmyJ}}
]]qdkygOD;uG? rif;[mu b,fvdk Zmwfvrf;vJ}}
aeoefu 0ifar;onf/
]]tif; . . . tJ'DZmwfvrf;u tajymif;tvJtay:rSm igjrifxm;wJhtjrifudk ajymif;wdajymifjyef
jzpfatmif vkyfypfvdkufwmyJ/ aemufydkif; ightvkyfxJrSma&m? ighb0rSmyg csufcsif; wdk;wufvmcJhw,f/ 'geJY
igvJ tJ'DZmwfvrf;udk ighwdkYukrÜPDu vkyfazmfudkifzufawGudk azmufonfcscJhw,f/ odyfrMumcifrSmyJ igwdkY
vkyfief;awG jyefaumif;vmw,f? bmvdkYvJqdkawmh tajymif;tvJudk igwdkYtm;vHk; taumif;buf
a&mufatmif toHk;csEdkifcJhMuvdkYyJ}}
]]b,fvdkZmwfvrf;rsdK;rdkYvJ rdkufu,f&,f . . .}} tif*svmu 0ifar;onf/
]]Zmwfvrf; emrnfu ]igh'defcJudk b,fol ae&ma½TUxm;ovJ} wJh}}
tm;vHk; 0dkif;&,fMuonf/ um;vdkYpf u . . .
]]igawmh emrnfMum;wmeJY oabmusaeNyD/ wdkYudk ajymjyygvm; rdkufu,f&,f . . .}}
]]at;yg/ igajymjyrSmyg/ 0rf;yef;womeJYudk igajymrSm/ odyfrMumygbl;/}}
þodkY tpcsDNyD; rdkufu,fu olYyHkjyifudk pavonf/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
Zmwfvrf;
igh'defcJu dk b,fo l ae&ma&TUovJ
[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u vlreD;olreD; wpfae&mu 0uFygwpfckxJrSm owå0gav;OD;wdkY aexdkifcJhMuowJh/

olwdkYav;OD;[m 0uFygxJrSm 'defcJawGudk &SmazGpm;aomuf&if; aysmf½TifpGm aecJhMuw,f/
olwdkYtxJrSm ESpfOD;u <uufuav;awG? wpfaumif&JUemrnfu teYHcHaumif;vdkY ]pepfzf} vdkYwGifNyD;?

aemuf wpfaumifudkawmh tajy;jrefvdkY ]pum;&D;} vdkY ac:owJh/
usefESpfOD;uawmh vlao;ao;uav;awG? olwdkYt½G,ftpm;uvnf; <uufavmufyJ&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh

olwdkYtjyKtrlu 'Dacwf vlawGtwdkif;yJ/ olwdkYESpfa,muf&JU emrnfawGu wpfa,mufu ][rf} wJh?
aemufwpfa,mufu ]a[m} wJh/ pum;ajym&if vdk&if;udkra&mufbJ a0hvnfvnfvkyfwwfvdkY onfvdk
emrnfawG wGifwmaygh/
olwdkY&JU t&G,ftpm;u ao;i,fawmh olwdkY bmawGvkyfaew,fqdkwm owdjyKrdzdkY rvG,fbl;av/

'gayr,hf olwdkYudk aoaocsmcsm teD;uyf apmihfMunhf&if olwdkY vkyfaewmawG[m tHhMo ukefEkdifzG,fawG
qdkwm &ifoyf½Iarm ajymrqHk;atmif jzpfMu&w,fwJh/
vlESpfa,mufeJY <uufESpfaumif[m aeYwdkif;aeYwdkif; olwdkYtBudKufqHk; txl;py,f&S,f 'defcJudk 0uFyg

xJrSm &SmazGpm;aomufjcif;eJY tcsdefjzKef;Muw,fwJhav/
pepfzfeJY pum;&D;[m <uufuav;awG jzpfwJhtwGuf olwdkYOD;aESmufrSm jzwfzdkY? udkufzdkYavmufom

todÓPf&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh teHYcHwJh ae&mrSmawmh t[kwfawmfw,f/ olwdkYBudKufwJh 'defcJ tpteawGudk
<uufwdkY obm0 &SmazGwwfMuw,f/
[rfeJY a[mqdkwJh vluav; ESpfa,mufuawmh OD;aESmufudk oHk;w,f/ olwdkYBudKufwJh txl;&S,f

'defcJudk ,HkMunfrIrsdK;pHkeJY jynfhvQHaewJh olwdkYOD;aESmufudkoHk;NyD; &Smw,f/ tJ'D'defcJ[m olwdkYudk aysmf½Tif
apr,f? atmifjrifrI jzpfapr,fvdkY olwdkY ,HkMunfMuw,f/
tJ'Dvdk <uufESpfaumifeJY vluav; ESpfa,mufwdkY Mum;rSm jcm;em;csufawG &Sdayr,fh wlwmawGvJ

trsm;BuD; &Sdw,f qdkyJ/ reufwdkif; olwdkY 4 OD;pvHk; vrf;avQmuf0wfpHkawG 0wfMuw,f/ tajy;zdeyfawG
pD;Muw,f/ olwdkY aetdrfuav;awGxJu udk,fpD xGufMuNyD; olwdkY tBudKuf 'defcJ&SmzdkY 0uFygxJudk
ajy;0ifMuowJh/
olwdkYaewJh 0uFyg[m 0&HwmawG toG,foG,feJY &IyfaxG;aewJh vrf;awG? cef;raqmifawG

trsm;BuD;ygwJh 0uFygrsdK;wJh/ tcsdKU cef;raqmifawGxJrSm odkavSmifxm;wJh t&om t½SdqHk; 'defcJawG
trsm;BuD; ½Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh arSmifrnf;aewJh tcsdK;tauGYawG? bmrS rjrifEdkifwJh vrf;Mum;awGvnf;
trsm;BuD;yJ/ wcsdKUvrf;awGu xdyfydwfawG? rsufpdvnfNyD; ydwfrdzdkY rsm;wJh 0uFygrsdK;aygh/
'gayr,fh vrf;odwJh vlawGtzdkY 0uFyg&JU vQdKU0Sufcsufudk azmfEdkifwJh vlawGtzdkYusawmh aysmfp&m

tzHkzHk okcbHkaygh/
pepfzfeJY pum;&D;u ½kd;½kd;&Sif;&Sif;uav;eJY odyfaxmifhraphwJh enf;udk oHk;NyD; 'defcJ &Smw,f/ rSm;vdkuf

jyifvdkuf prf;oyfenf;aygh/ vrf;wpfvrf;xJ ajy;0ifoGm;NyD; bmrSrawGU&if jyefvSnfhaygh/
pepfzfu 'defcJ&SdEkdifr,f xifwJhae&mudk rSef;NyD; olYESmacgif;eJY teHYcHw,f/ olYESmacgif; OD;wnf&mudk

pum;&D;u wef;ajy;w,f/
rif;wdkY xifwJhtwdkif;ayghuGm? rSm;wJh tcgvJ rSm;ayraygh? [dk0ifaqmifh 'D0ifwkdufaygh/
wpfzufrSm vlom;ESpfa,mufjzpfwJh [rfeJY a[muvJ olwdkYenf; olwdkY[efeJY olwdkYt&nftcsif;udk

olwdkY ,HkMunfpGmeJYaygh/ odkYaomfvJayghav . . . vlom;yDyD pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGm OD;acgif;½IyfaxG;pGmeJY 'defcJ
aemufudk vdkufaeMuwmygyJ/
'gayr,fh wpfaeYrSm olwdkYenf;olwdkY[efeJY olwdkYvdkcsifwmudk &Muwmuawmh taotcsmyJ/ olwdkY

udk,fpD&JU tBudKuf 'defcJawGudk pBuFefvrf;wpfck&JU tqHk;? wpfae&mrSm olwdkY oGm;awGUMuw,f/ tJ'D
ae&mudk olwdkY ]pD} vdkY emrnf ay;vdkufMuw,f/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
tJ'Daemufydkif;rSm olwdkYav;OD;[m tJ'D ]pD} vdkY emrnfay;xm;wJhae&mudk reufwdkif; oGm;Muw,f/

eHeufcif;0wfpHk tjynfheJYaygh/ odyfrMumygbl;/ olwdkYwpfawG[m udk,fydkif enf;emedosawGudk toHk;cswwf
vmMuw,f/
pepfzfeJY pum;&D;u aeYwdkif; apmapmxNyD; 0uFygxJ ajy;oGm;avh&Sdw,f/ oGm;aeus vrf;aMumif;

twdkif; olwdkYoGm;Muwmyg/
vdk&mc&D;udk a&mufNyDqdkwmeJY <uufESpfaumifu zdeyfawGcRwfNyD; vnf;yif;rSm qGJxm;vdkufMuw,f/

'grS vdktyf&if csufcsif;jyefpD;vdkY&rSmudk;/ NyD;wmeJY 'defcJudk waysmfwyg; avG;MuawmhygyJ/
tpydkif;rSmawmh [rfeJY a[myg apmapmxNyD; ewfok'¨gvdk t&om&SdwJh? NyD;awmh olwdkYAdkufudk

jznfhay;zdkY toifhapmifhaewJh 'defcJ&Sd&mudk ajy;MuwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh odyfrMumygbl;/ vluav;awG&JU
vkyfenf;vkyf[ef ajymif;vmw,f/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
aeYpOf [rfeJYa[m[m tdyf&mx aemufusvmw,f/ t0wftpm;vJawmhvnf; tDav;qGJNyD; ysif;wdysif;

wGJ jzpfvmw,f/ NyD;awmh 'defcJ&SdwJh ]pD} ae&mudk cyfjznf;jznf; avQmufoGm;w,f/ rajy;awmhbl;/ ]pD}
ae&mudk olwdkY odaeMuNyDav/ ]pD} vrf;aMumif;udk rsufpdrSdwfNyD;awmif oGm;wwfaeNyDav/
'defcJawG b,fub,fvdk a&mufvmw,f? b,fol vmxm;w,fqdkwm olwdkYrodbl;/ 'Dae&mrSm 'defcJ
&Sdaew,fqdkwmyJ olwdkY usdef;aowGufxm;w,f/ 'defcJawG b,fxGufajy;rvJaygh/
'defcJ&SdwJhae&mudk a&mufNyDqdkwmeJU udk,hftdrfhudk,hf,mvdk oabmxm;NyD; at;at;vlvl reufwkdif;
tem;,lMuw,f/ tm;upm;0wfpHkawGudk cRwfNyD;csdwf? tajy;zdeyfawGcRwfNyD; ajcn§yfzdeyfvJpD;? 'Dae&m[m
olwdkYtwGuf ESvHk;arGUavsmf aysmfzG,f&m t&yfayyJaygh/
]]wu,fedyfwJh ae&myJa[h? 'DrSm&SdaewJh 'defcJawGuvnf; wdkYwpfouf pm;vdkYukefrSmr[kwfbl;}} vdkY
[rfu ajymwwfw,f/ vluav; ESpfa,muf[m t&rf; aysmfaeMuwmaygh/ wouf ylp&m rvdkawmh
bl;aygh/ atmifjrifNyDaygh/
]pD} qdkwJh ae&mrSm&SdwJh 'defcJ[m olwdkYukodkvfeYJolwdkY jzpfvmwmwJh? olwdkY&JU udk,fydkif 'defcJawGyJvdkY
rMumrwif twGif;rSm olwdkY owfrSwfvdkufMuw,f/ enf;enf;aemaem 'defcJawGrS r[kwfwm/ 'Dawmh ]pD}
eJY teD;qHk;ae&mudk olwdkY ajymif;vmMuw,f/ NyD;awmh tJ'Dae&mrSmyJ olwdkY&JU vlrIb0udk wnfaqmuf
cJhMuw,f/
ydkNyD; tdrfeJY,meJYwlatmif [rfeJYa[m[m eH&HawGrSm olwdkY&JU tawG;tjrifawG? tqdktrdefYawGudk
a&;jc,fMuw,f/ a&;NyD; pmwrf;awGudk 'defcJyHkBuD;awGeJYawmif jc,foMuao;w,f/
yxrqHk; olwdkY a&;xm;wmu a[m'DvdkwJh ...
'defcJudk
ydkifqdkif&jcif;onf
ta[mokcH csrf;ompG/
[rfeJYa[m[m wpfcgwpfav rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;awGudkac:NyD; 'defcJawGtyHkvdkuf avSmifxm;wJh

olwdkY ]pD} vdkYac:wJhae&mudk jyMuowJh/ 'defcJyHkBuD;udk vufnd§K;xdk;jyNyD;awmh cyf<um;<um; ajymwwfao;
w,f/
]]Munfhprf; . . . b,favmuf usufoa&&SdwJh 'defcJawGvJ}}
wpfcgwpfavvnf; tJ'Dvdk taygif;toif;awGudk 'defcJawGauR;NyD; {nfhcHw,f/ 'gayr,fh tNrJwrf;
awmh r[kwfbl;/ bmrSrauR;bJ jyefvTwfvdkufwJhtcgvJ &Sdw,f/
[rfu . . .
]]igwdkY[m a[m'D'defcJawGudk xdkufxdkufwefwef &xm;wm 'Dae&mudkawGUzdkY igwdkYESpfa,muf tMumBuD;

BudK;pm;cJh&w,f}} vdkYajym&if; vwfvwfqwfqwf 'defcJwwHk;,lNyD; avG;vdkufw,f/
xHk;pHtwdkif; t0tNyJpm;NyD; ol tdyfaysmfoGm;a&m/

nwdkif;nwdkif; vluav;ESpfa,muf[m 'defcJawG wpfayGUwpfydkufBuD;o,fNyD; tdrfudk abmufquf
abmufquf [dk,dkifonf,dkifeJY jyefvmwwfMuw,f/
aemufwpfaeYreuf rdk;vif;wmeJY 'defcJqDudk pm;zdkY? o,fzdkY pdwfcsvufcs jyefa&mufvmMujyefa&m/
onfvdkeJY tcsdefawG wjznf;jznf; ukefvmcJhw,f/ onf'defcJawG woufpm;vdkY ukefrSmr[kwfbl;
qdkwJh ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIuae Mumawmh . . . wpfpwpfpeJY olwdkY b0if jrifhvmMuw,f/
odyfrMumygbl;/ olwdkYESpfa,muf[m b0udk t&rf;auseyfaeawmh ywf0ef;usifrSm bmjzpfaew,f
qdkwm olwdkY owd rrlrdMuawmhbl;/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
pepfzfeJY pum;&D;uawmh edpö"l0 vIyf&Sm;rItwdkif; qufNyD; pcef;oGm;aeMuw,f/ reufwdkif; olwdkY

tapmBuD;a&mufw,f/ 'defcJwHk;awGudk erf;vdkuf? ukwfjcpfMunfhvdkuf? ywfywfvnfudk ajy;vTm;MunfhvdkufeJY
tvkyf½IyfaewwfMuw,f/ raeYueJY 'DaeY bmtajymif;tvJ&SdovJqdkwm ppfaq;aeMuwmav/
NyD;rS aoaocsmcsmxdkifNyD; 'defcJudk udkufzJh pm;aomufawmhwmyJ/

wpfaeYreuf olwdkY&JU 'defcJ&dyfom ]pD} ae&mudk olwdkYa&mufawmh? [dkuf . . . 'defcJawG wpfprS
r&Sdawmhbl;/
'DtwGuf olwdkY vHk;0rtHhMobl;/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh pepfzfa&m pum;&D;yg olwdkYpm;aomufaewJh 'defcJ

awG enf;enf;vmw,fqdkwm olwdkY odwmudk;/ 'DtjzpfeJU wpfaeY MuHK&r,fqdkwm olwdkY odxm;NyD;om;/
NyD;awmh olwkdY&JU yifudkADZ todt& bmqufvkyf&r,fqdkwmvJ olwdkY pOf;pm;NyD;om;/
olwdkY wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,muf MunfhvdkufMuw,f/ NyD;awmh vnfyif;rSmqGJxm;wJh zdeyfawGudk

tomjyef,lNyD;awmh at;at;aq;aq;yJ jyefpD;w,f/ BudK;csnfw,f/
<uufqdkwJh aumifrsdK;u &Snf&Snf;a0;a0; ppfaq;awG;awmraebl;/ olwdkYacgif;xJrSm ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG;

,HkMunfrIawGvJ r&Sdbl;/
olwdkYtwGuf jyóema&m . . . tJ'Djyóem&JUtajzu ½kd;½kd;uav;yJ/ ]pD} qdkwJh 'defcJ&dyfom&JU

tajctae[m vHk;0ajymif;vJoGm;NyD/ 'gaMumifh tJ'DtajctaeeJU vdkufajymif;zdkY olwdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufMu
w,f/
ESpfa,mufom; 0uFygvrf;awGqDudk arQmfMunfhvdkufMuw,f/ pepfzfu olYESmacgif;udkarmhNyD; teHUcH

w,f/ NyD;awmh pum;&D;udk acgif;ndwfjyvdkufw,f/ pum;&D;u csufcsif; ajy;csoGm;awmhwmyJ/ pepfzfu
vnf; BudK;pm;NyD; olYaemufudk trDajy;vdkufw,f/
'defcJ&SmyHkawmftopfudk olwdkY csufcsif;jyefpEkdifcJhw,f qdkygawmh/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
tJ'DaeYrSmyJ tJ'Dae&mudk [rfeJY a[m[m enf;enf; aemufusNyD; a&mufvmw,f/ ]pD} 'defcJ&dyfomrSm

aeYpOf rodrom tajymif;tvJjzpfvmwmudk olwdkY vHk;0 owdrxm;rdbl;/ 'Dawmh 'Dae&mrSm 'D'defcJawG
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'Dawmh wu,fh tjzpfrSefeJY&ifqdkifzdkY olwdkY toifhr&SdMubl;av/
]]bm . . . 'defcJawG r&Sdawmhbl; . . . [kwfvm;}} [rfu a'golykef xygava&m/
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]]igh'defcJudk b,fol ae&m a½TUvdkufwmvJuG}}
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a'goaMumifh eD&Jaew,f/
aemufwpfcg rausreyfeJY xyfatmfjyefa&m/
]]rw&m;bl; . . . vHk;0 rw&m;uG}}
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&Sdae&r,fvdkY wGufxm;wJhvlav/ tMumBuD; awG&yfaeNyD; ausmuf½kyfwpf½kyfvdk ol Nidrfaew,f/
trSefuawmh olvefYNyD; Muufao aoaewm/ 'DtjzpfrsdK;udk ol arQmfvifh rxm;bl;av/
[rfu qufNyD; atmf[pfBudrf;armif; aewkef;yJ/ tJ'gawGudkvnf; a[mu rMum;csifawmhbl;/

vufawGU&ifqdkifae&wJh wu,fhtjzpfeJY ol xdyfwdkufrwdk;csifbl;av/ 'Dawmh tm;vHk;udk rodusdK;uRH
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udk olwdkY t&omcHwJhtay:rlwnfNyD; t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkMuw,f/
tcsKdUtwGuf 'defcJawGUwm[m ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m &wemodkufawGUwmyJ/ tcsdKUusawmh usef;rma&;twGuf

tm[m&aygh/ 'grSr[kwfvJ csrf;omokcudk pdwfeJYcHpm;rI zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufvmrIaygh/
a[mtwGuf 'defcJ[m b0&JUvHkNcHKrIyJ/ wpfaeYaeYrSm cspfp&m csrf;ajrU&dyfNrHK tdrfaxmifav;wpfck

wnfaqmufNyD; Nidrf;at;wdwfqdwfwJh wdkufykuav;wpfvHk;rSmaer,f/ csuf'fvrf;vdk pdwfNidrf&yfuGuf
wpfckckrSmaygh/
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'defcJawG tdrfeJYtjynfh &Sdae&r,f/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
'defcJ[m [rfeJYa[mtwGuf þíþrQ ta&;ygaewmrdkY bmvkyf&r,fqdkwm rqHk;jzwfEkdifyJ tcsdefawG

trsm;BuD; ukefoGm;w,f/
'defcJqdkvdkY tpteawmif rusefawmhwJh ]pD} 'defcJ&dyfomudk xyfwvJvJ MunfhaezdkYom pdwful;
&Muw,f/ 'defcJawG aysmufoGm;wm tdyfrufav;vm; . . . wu,fvm;aygh/
pepfzfeJY pum;&D;wdkYu olwdkY tvkyfudk olwdkY tjrefqHk;EIef;eJY qufvkyfaeMuw,f/ [rfeJY
a[muawmh emrnfeJYvdkufatmif onfa&mifa&mif [kda&mifa&mif awmifpOfa&r& pum;awGajymNyD; tcsdef
ukefaeMuwkef;yJ/
]]rw&m;bl; . . . rw&m;bl;}} qdkNyD; atmf[pf &efawGUaewkef;yJ/
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awG;NyD; a&SUqufvkyfzdkY vkyfief;pOfawG csMunfhw,f/
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vJ/ bmaMumifh olwdkYudk wpfpHkwpfa,mufu owdray;wmvJ/ 'g vHk;0 obm0rusbl;/ jzpfoifh
jzpfxkdufwJh udprö sKd; r[kwfbl;/
tJ'DnrSm olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; pdwf"gwf tusBuD;usNyD; tdrfjyefvmMuw,f/ Adkufuvnf; t&rf;
qmaeNyD/ rjyefcif a[mu eH&HrSm a&;cJhao;w,f/
oifhtwGuf 'defcJu ta&;MuD;av . . .
'defcJudk vufrvTwfbJ . . .
udkifxm;csifavyJ/
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jyefa&mufaervm;qdkwJh arQmfvifhcsuf olwdkYrSm &SdaeqJav/
tajctaeu raeYu twdkif;ygyJ/ bmrS rajymif;vJygbl;/ 'defcJvJ jyefa&muf rvmygbl;/ vluav;
ESpfa,muf bmqufvkyf&rSef; rodawmhbl;/ [rfeJY a[m[m ausmufwdkifESpfwdkifvdk rvIyfr,Suf Nidrfouf
&yfai;aeMuw,f/
a[mu rsufpdudkwtm;ydwf? em;udkvnf; vufESpfzufeJU twif;zdxm;vdkufw,f/ bmrSvJ rjrifcsif?
bmrSvJ rMum;csifawmhbl;/ 'defcJawG wjznfjznf; enf;enf;vmwJh taMumif;vJ jyefrawG;csifawmhbl;/
'defcJyHkBuD; ½kwfw&uf aysmufuG,foGm;wmvdkYyJ ,HkMunf xm;vdkufawmhw,f/
[rfuawmh tjzpftysufudk tjyefjyeftvSefvSef pOf;pm;w,f/ olYacgif;xJrSm ,HkMunfrI tpGJtvrf;
awGeJY ½IyfaxG; jynfhnyfaeyHk&w,f/
]]bmvdkY olwdkY ighudk 'Dvdk vkyfMu&wmvJ}}
]]'DrSm wu,fjzpfaewmu bmawGvJ}}
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]]a[; . . . 'gxuf aeygOD;/ pepfzfeJY pum;&D;aum . . . wdkY rodwmawGudk olwdkYrsm; odae
rvm;}}
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&Sd&r,f/}}
]]b,fvdk tusdK;tjrwf rsdK;vJ}} a[mu jyefar;vdkufw,f/
]]wdkYrSm &ydkifcGifh &SdvdkYayghuG}} [rfu [def;a[mufNyD; ajymw,f/
]]bm &ydkifcGifhvJ . . .}} a[mu em;r&Sif;vdkY xyfar;jyefa&m/
]]igwdkY 'defcJ[m igwdkY &ydkifcGifhayghuG}}
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]]bmjzpfvdkY &rvJuG/ 'Djyóemudk wdkYpwmr[kwfbl;/ wpfa,mufu 'Dvdkjzpfatmif vkyfwm/
'gaMumifh igwdkY wpfpHkwpf&m epfemaMu; &ydkifcGif &Sd&r,f . . .}} vdkY [rfu &Sif;jyw,f/
]]igwdkY qef;ppfwm? a0zefwm? Avuefwm &yfvdkuf&if aumif;r,f/ odyfrsm;aeNyD/ 'defcJtopf
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xkwfw,f/
[rfeJYa[m bmvkyf&rSef;rodbJ tjiif;tckef jzpfaeMucsdefrSm pepfzfeJY pum;&D;wdkY ESpfaumifu
awmfawmf c&D;aygufaeNyD/ 0uFygvrf;rSeforQ? pBuFefrSeforQ txufatmufrusef 'defcJ&SmazGa&; vkyfNyD;NyD/
olwdkYacgif;xJrSm 'defcJtopf &SmzdkYuvGJNyD; bmrSr&Sdbl;/
tcsdef awmfawmf MumMum olwdkY bmrSrawGUbl;/ aemufqHk;wGifrS olwdkY ra&mufzl;ao;wJh 0uFyg

wpfae&mudk a&mufoGm;w,f/ tJ'Dae&mrSm 'defcJ&dyfomBuD;wpfck oGm;awGUw,f/ &dyfom emrnfu ]tifef}
wJh/
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EdkifwJh 'defcJtopfawG awGUNyD/
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awGudk olwdkY wpfcgrS rjrifzl;cJhbl;/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
tJ'Dtcsdeftxd [rfeJY a[mwdkY ESpfa,muf[m 'defcJ&dyfom ]pD} xJrSmyJ olwdkY tajctaeudk wGuf[,f
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xGufeJY wpfa,muftjypf wpfa,muf yHkcsaeMuw,f/
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ckaersm; 0uFygxJxGufNyD; 'defcJtopf &SmyHkawmf pGef;pm;cef;zGifhvdkuf&&if b,favmuf aumif;rvJvdkY

olawG;Munfhw,f/ csufcsif; 'defcJt&om vQmay:a&mufvmovdkyJ/
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tjrefqHk; xGufcsifav jzpfvmyga&m/
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opfawGUNyD; yGJawmfBuD; qdkufaeavmufNyDvdkY awG;rd&JU/
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NyD;awmh tjyifxGuf&if tEÅ&m,frsm;w,f}}
]][m . . . b,fuvm . . . wdkY 'D0uFygxJrSm ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm; avQmufoGm;zl;wmyJ/
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. . . a[m'DeH&H [dkbufem;wif olwdkY 0Sufxm;wm jzpfcsifjzpfrSm}}
aemufaeYusawmh olwdkY ESpfa,muf wl;zdkYqGzdkY ud&d,m wefqmyvmawG xrf;ydk;vmMuw,f/
[rfu pdkYudk eH&HrSmwnf? a[mu wleJY w'dkif'dkif;xkaygh/ 'DvdkeJY ]pD} 'defcJ&dyfom&JU eH&HrSm taygufBuD;
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pdwf"gwfawG tusBuD; usoGm;Muwmaygh/ 'gayr,fh wpfckck jzpfvmr,fvdkY olwdkY ,HkMunfaewkef;yJ/
'geJY olwdkY tvkyfudk apmapmvkyfw,f/ aemufusNyD;rS jyefw,f/ ydkNyD; vufaMumwif;atmif vkyfMuw,f/
'DvdkeJY {&mr taygufBuD;wpfayguf xyfyGifhoGm;jyefa&m/
a[m[m vkyftm;eJY xkwfvkyfrItaMumif;? tJ'DESpfck&JU jcm;em;csuftaMumif; odvmw,f/ [rfuawmh
ravQmhbl;/
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a[mu [rfajymwmudk ,Hkcsifw,f/ oleJYtwl tcsdefwef&if tdrfjyef? tem;,l? aemufwpfaeY oleYJ

twl ]pD} 'defcJ&dyfomudk jyefvm? ('gayr,fh apmapmuvdk olYajcvSrf;awG roGufawmhbl;/) [dka&mufawmh
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'DvdkeJY vluav; ESpfa,muf[m pdwfyef; vlEGrf;? 'defcJuqm? 0rf;u[m jzpfvmawmh tm;vJ
enf;oxuf enf;vma&maygh/
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ESajrmp jyKvmw,f/ ckawmh oabmaygufvmNyDav/ pm;p&m 'defcJr&SdwJh 'Dae&mrSm MumMumqufaeav
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.}}
a[m[m 0uFygxJudkjyef0if ajy;vTm;zdkY pdwful;udk vHk;0rBudKufbl;/ txJrSm rsufpdvnfNyD; 'defcJeJY

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olu [rfudk ar;w,f/
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w,fav/ renf; jyef&Sm,l&w,f/
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a[mu jyefajymw,f/
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tusdawGudkvJ olwdkY b,fawmhrS jyefvmxm;rSm r[kwfbl;/ igwdkY 'defcJtopfudk &Sm&rSm . . .}}
[rfu jiif;NrJ qufjiif;w,f/
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wmav/ tJ'DvdkjzpfrSmukdaMumufNyD; ol tjyifudk rxGuf&Jwmaygh/
ckawmh 'defcJ topfaemufudk vdkufzdkY ol qHk;jzwfNyD;NyD/ tJ'D qHk;jzwfcsufeJY twl tm;tifawG

owdåawGvJ olYrSm tjynfht0 pkaqmif; rdNyDav/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
a[mu olYtjrifudk xkwfajymw,f/
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wdkYvJ &yfaevdkY r&bl;/}}
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vdkufwmeJY a[m[m csufcsif; zswfzswfvwfvwf jzpfvmw,f/ aemufqHk;awmh udk,hfbmomudk,f jyefNyD;
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tav;teuf a&;cJhw,f/ xHk;pHtwdkif; a[mu pmwrf;udk iHkNyD; 'defcJykH qGJcJhao;w,f/
[rfwpfa,muf NyHK;azmf&,fazmf &vmrvm; &,fvdkYaygh/ wufwuf<u<u jzpfvmNyD; 'defcJ &SmyHkawmf

c&D;udk oleJYtwlrsm; vdkufcsifpdwf aygufvmrvm;&,fvdkYaygh/
'gayr,fh [rfuawmh armfawmifrMunfhbl;/ ola&;cJhwJh pmaMumif;u . . .
oif[m tajymif;tvJ
rvkyfvSsif oihfb0 . . . qHk;cef;
wdkifoGm;Ekdifw,f/
tJ'Daemuf a[m[m &ifwvSyfvSyf ckefNyD; 0uFygxJudk acgif;jyL Munfhvkdufw,f/

NyD;awmh bmrS pm;p&mr&SdwJhae&mrSm bmvdkY 'gavmuftMumBuD; aecJhrdygvdrfhqdkwmvJ jyefawG;aerd&JU/
0uFygxJrSm 'defcJqdkwm &SdcsifrSvJ &Sdvdrfhr,f/ awGUcsifrSvJ awGUvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk awG;rd&if ol
aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfvmw,f/ tJ'D tawG;u olYudk ESdyfpufovdk jzpfvma&m/
a[mu NyHK;vdkufw,f/ [rfu olY'defcJawGudk b,fol ae&ma½TUxm;ovJqdkwm odcsifwJhtaMumif;
a[m odw,f/ a[mudk,fwdkif em;rvnf jzpfaewmuawmh ]bmaMumifh ig csufcsif;xNyD; 'defcJ&Sd&mudk
xGufr&Sm ao;wmvJ} qdkwJh tcsufyJ/
ol 0uFygxJudk xGufvmcJhw,f/ vmcJhwJh t&yfudk orifvnfjyef jyefMunfhNyD; pdwfxJ auseyf
oGm;ovdkyJ/
0uFyg eH&HrSm pm;a&; jyefw,f/ NyD;awmh cP pkdufMunfh aerdao;w,f/
rif; . . . raMumufawmhbl;
qdk&if
bmqufvkyfrvJ/
'DtaMumif;udk ol pOf;pm;w,f/
wpfcgwpfavawmh aMumufwufwm tusdK;&Sdw,fvdkY olem;vnfw,f/ wpfckckudk rvkyfjzpfvdkY

tajctae ykdqdk;vmNyD; aMumufpdwf 0ifvmwJh tcgrsdK;rSm csufcsif; xvkyfjzpfoGm;wmrsdK; &Sdw,f/
ol nmbufudk Munfhvdkufw,f/ vHk;0 ra&mufzl;ao;wJh ae&m/ ausmxJ pdrfhoGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh

oufjyif; wpfcsuf csNyD; e,fajropfxJudk wdk;0ifcJhw,f/ cyfjznf;jznf; tajy; ajcvSrf; awGeJYaygh/
b,fvrf;udk a&G;&ygrvJ/ yxrawmh a[m pdwfylp jyKvmw,f/ ]pD} 'defcJ&dyfomrSm ig tajctae

apmifhMunfhwm tcsdefawG odyfMumoGm;ovm;/ 'defcJ rpm;&wm Mumawmh olt&rf; tm;enf;aeNyDav/
'gaMumifh oGm;&wm c&D;rwGifbl;/ cgwdkif;xufydkNyD; rcsdrqefY tm;pdkufae&w,f/
tJ'DrSm qHk;jzwfcsufwpfck csypfvdkufw,f/ aemuf 'DvdktjzpfrsdK;MuHK&if tajymif;tvJeJYvdkufNyD;

tajymif;tvJvkyfr,f qdkwJh qHk;jzwfcsufyJ/ ol tJ'Dvdkvkyfjzpf&if ckawGUae&wJh tcuftcJawGeJY &ifqdkif
&rSmr[kwfbl;/
NyD;awmh ol NyKH;vdkufjyefw,f/ cyf,Jh,JhNyHK;&if; olawG;w,f/ tif; . . . aemufusw,fqdkwm vHk;0

rvkyfjzpfwmxufpm&if awmfao;wmaygh/
aemuf&ufawGrSm 'defcJudkawGUyg&JU/ 'gayr,fh [dk;em;enf;enf; 'Dem;enf;enf;avmufygyJ/ aeYzdkYnpm

&,fvdkYawmh r&ygbl;/
'gayr,fh ol ZGJravQmhbl;/ 'defcJawG tvHktavmufawGUrSmyJvdkY arQmfvifhxm;wkef;yJ/ tJ'DtcgrSm

oli,fcsif;[rfqDudk o,foGm;NyD; t0auR;r,f/ NyD;awmh &SmyHkawmfc&D; xGufjzpfatmif pnf;½kH;r,faygh/
'gayr,fh olYudk,fol ,HkMunfrIuawmh wjznf;jznf; enf;enf;vmNyD/ 0uFygxJrSm olYpdwf"gwfawG

½IyfaxG; vmaew,f/ tm;vHk;[m [dkwkef;ueJYrwlbJ 0uFygwpfckvHk; taetxm; ajymif;vJaeovdkyJ/
a&SUqufwdk;oGm;r,fvkyfwdkif; vrf;rSm;awmhrSmyJ/ rsufpdvnfawmhrSmyJ qdkNyD; awG;rdvmw,f/ olYwdk;

wufrIu a&SUESpfvrf;wdk; aemufwpfvSrf;qkwfqdkwmrsdK; jzpfaewmaygh/
bmyJjzpfjzpf 'g[m owådyJ/ wpfckaocsmwmuawmh 0uFygxJrSm 'defcJ&Sm&wm olapmapmydkif;u

awG;aMumufcJh oavmufawmh rqdk;bl;qdkwmyJ/
'DvdkeJY tcsdefawG wjznf;jznf;ukefvmw,f/ olYacgif;xJrSm tawG;wpfrsdK; 0ifvmjyefNyD/ 'defcJtopf

vdkuf&SmaewJhtvkyf[m t"dyÜg,faum &Sdygrvm;? jzpfEkdifacs&Sd&JUvm; pojzifhaygh/ 0g;EkdifwJh yrmPxuf
yg;pyfu ydkudkufwJhtvkyfrsdK; jzpfaervm;? bmvm; nmvm;aygh/
NyD;awmhrS avmavmq,f 0g;p&m bmrSr&SdwJhtjzpfudkawG;rdNyD; ol &,frdjyefw,f/
tJ'Dvdk pdwf"gwfusp&mawG awG;rdwdkif; bmrSpm;p&mr&SdwJhae&mrSm xdkifaewmxufpm&if tjyifxGufNyD;

vIyf&Sm;aewmu tyHkBuD; t"dyÜg,f&Sdw,fqdkNyD; olYudk,fhol owday;w,f/ aemufawmh olYudk,fol xdef;csKyf
Ekdifvmw,f/
NyD;awmh tm;wufp&mwpfckeJY olYudk,fol owday;ao;w,f/ pepfzfwdkY pum;&D;wdkYawmif vkyfEdkifao;

&if ig bmaMumifh rvkyfEdkif&rSmvJaygh/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
aemufawmh a[m jyefpOf;pm;w,f/ aphaphawG;awmh a&;a&; ay:vmw,f/ ckrS trSefudk jyefawG;

rdwmav/ ]pD} 'defcJ&dyfomrSm 'defcJawG[m [dkwkef;u xifovdk aeYcsif;ncsif; aysmufoGm;wmrSr[kwfyJ/
aemufydkif;&ufawGrSm 'defcJawG enf;oxuf enf;vmwmyJ/ NyD;awmh tJ'D 'defcJtusefawGvJ vwfrS

rvwf awmhwmyJ/ t&om wjznf;jznf; ysufvmwmudk ckrS jyefawG;rdw,fav/
rIdvdkufvmwm jzpfrSmaygh/ 'gudk ol[kdwkef;u owdrxm;rdcJhbl;/ tJ'Dwkef;uom owd&Sdr,fqdk&if

tajctaeudk tuJcwfrdEkdifp&m &SdwmayghvdkY olYudk,fol 0efcH&awmhw,fav/
ckrS oabmaygufawmhw,f/ tajymif;tvJu olYqDudk ½kwfcsnf;a&mufvmwm r[kwfbl;/ earmferJh

EkdifcJhvdkY tajymif;tvJudk rjrifEkdifcJhwm/ pepfzfeJY pum;&D;wdkY ESpfa,mufu BudKjrifyHk&w,f/
ol cPem;NyD; 0uFygrSm a&;jyefw,f/
'defcJudk cPcP erf;Munfhyg/
'grS rdIwufrwuf oifodrSm/
'DvdkeYJ tcsdefawGMumvmawmh a[m&JUpdwfxJrSm 'defcJrjrif&wm urÇmcsDNyD;MumaeNyDvdkY xifvmw,f/

aemufqHk; 'defcJodkavSmif½kHBuD;wpfckudk ol oGm;awGUw,f/ aocsmNyDvdkY pdwfcsvufcs wGufvdkufw,f/
txJudkvJ 0ifMunfhvdkufa&m a[mif;avmif;jzpfaewJh tcef;BuD;u olYudk oa&mfaeovdkyJ/ pdwf"gwfawG
usvdkufwJh jzpfcsif;/
]]tif; . . . ighrSmvJ pdwf"gwfusp&mawGu ukefyJrukefEdkifawmhygvm; . . .}} vdkY awG;rdNyD;

vufavQmhcsifcsif jzpfvmw,f/ wjznf;jznf;eJY tm;tifvnf; qkwf,kwfvmNyD/ wdkufyGJ½IH;NyDvdkY olxifvm
w,f/ ao&rSm awG;aMumufvmw,f/
]pD} 'defcJ&dyfombufudk wyfacgufjyefzdkY ol pdwful;vdkufw,f/ 'DrSmu wpfa,mufwnf;&,f [dkrSmqdk

[rf tazmf &Sdao;w,faygh/
ar;zl;NyD;om; ar;cGef;a[mif;udk olYbmomol jyefar;vdkufw,f/
]]raMumufawmhbl;qdk&if igbmvkyfrvJ}}
trSefu olYudkol 0efrcHayr,fh olydkNyD; aMumufvmwm/ 'gayr,fh bmudkaMumufaerSef; olrodbl;/

wu,fawmh tm;tifcsdeJYaewJhb0eJY wpfa,mufwnf; qufoGm;&rSmudk ol aMumufaewm/
usefaecJhwJh [rftwGufvJ ol awG;ylw,f/ taMumufvGefNyD;awmh avrsm; jzwfaervm;/ tJ'DrSm ol

wpfck zswfceJ owd&vdkufw,f/ 0uFygxJ jyefxGufvmawmh pdwf"gwfawG wuf<uaewJh tcsdef wpfcsdef
&SdcJhwmyJ/ tJ'Dtcsdef[m ]a&SUodkY} wdk;0ifaecsdefyJ/
'Dwpfcg oleH&Hay:rSm a&;vdkufjyefw,f/ 'Dpmwef;uawmh olYudk,fol owday;wJhtaeeJYa&m?

[rfvdkufvmvdkY zwfrd&if olYudk ajc&mcHEkdifzdkYyg arQmfvifhcsufBuD;pGmeJY ol a&;vdkufwmyJ/
vrf;opfudk vdkuf&if
oifh'defcJ &SmyHkawmftwGuf
tultnD &vdrhfr,f/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
a[m[m arSmifrnf;aewJh 0uFyg pBuFefvrf;xJudk ikHMunfhvdkufw,f/ olYudk,fol aMumufpdwfawG

0ifaerSef; owdxm;rdw,f/ a&SUrSm bmawG&Sdaeygvdrfh/ bmrSr&SdwJh vrf;awGvm;/ 'gxufqdk;wJh tEÅ&m,f
acsmufurf;yg;awGvm;? jzpfEkdifajc&SdorQ aMumufp&mjrifuGif;awG ol jrifa,mifNyD; vdyfjymvGifhrwuf ol
vefYaeygava&m/
aemuf olYudk,fol &,farmrdjyefw,f/ taMumufw&m;[m t&mwdkif;udk ydkqdk;apw,fqdkwm ol
awG;rdvdkYav/ 'Dawmh raMumuf&if vkyf&r,fhtvkyfudk pOf;pm;rdNyD; ol qufvkyfw,f/ tJ'guawmh
vrf;aMumif;opf&SmNyD; a&SUwdk; c&D;ESifwJh tvkyfygyJ/
arSmifeJY rnf;rnf; vrf;wpfavQmufrSm ajy;ae&if; ol NyHK;vkdufrdw,f/ aoaocsmcsm rodao;ayr,fh
olY0dnmOfudk tm;jznfhay;wJht&m[m bmvJqdkwm &SmazGawGU&SdoGm;NyD/
wdwdusus yHkazmfr&ao;ayr,fh olYa½SUrSm wpfpHkw&m&SdaeNyDqdkwm ol ,HkMunfNyD/
tJ'DrSm thHMop&mudk awGU&awmhwmyJ/ a[mwpfa,muf taysmfBuD;aysmfvmwJh tjzpfyJ/ b,fwkef;urSeJY
rwlatmif aysmfaewmav/
oludk,folvJ tHhMo rqHk;bl;/
]]ig bmvdkY 'gavmuf tl;jrL;aewmygvdrfh/ ighrSm pm;pm&m 'defcJvJr&Sd/ ig b,foGm;aerSef;vJ
rodbJeJY/}}
odyfrMumcifrSmyJ olbmaMumifh 'Dvdk aysmf&TifrIrsdK;udk cHpm;&w,f qdkwm ol oabm aygufvmw,f/

eH&HrSm pma&;zdkY ol wkefYceJ &yfvdkufjyefw,f/
aMumuf&GHUjcif;udk ausmfvTm;jyD;
oif a&SUqufoGm;&if
vGwfvyfrI t&omudk oif cHpm;&r,f/
olYudk,fydkif taMumufw&m;u olYudkjyefNyD; vTrf;rdk;xm;w,fqdkwm a[mjrifvmNyD/ vrf;opfaemufudk

vdkufrdvdkY 'Dt&dyfrnf;BuD;atmufu ol½kef;xGufEdkifcJhwm/
0uFygvrf;xJrSm wdkufcwfvmwJh nif;ajyajy avat;at;udk olcHpm;&w,f/ 'Dawmh pdwfxJrSm

ayghyg;vef;qef;vmw,f/
avudk wpf0BuD; ½SL;oGif;vdkufawmh tm;tifawG jynfhvmovdk xif&w,f/
'Dvdk aMumuf½GHUjcif;rS uif;a0;vmwmeJY wpfNydKifeuf cHpm;&wJh aysmf½TifrIu olBudKxifxm;wJh aysmf½Tif

rIrsdK;eJY bmrSrqdkifbl;/ odyfudkxl;jcm;wJh aysmf½TifrIrsdK;yJ/ 'Dvdk raysmfrdwm urÇmavmufMumNyDxif&JU/ aysmf&Tif
rIqdkwmudkawmif ol arhoavmuf jzpfaeNyDudk;/
'Dawmh b0udk ydkNyD; pdkpkdjynfjynf jzpfvmatmif olpdwfxJrSm yHkazmf Munfhvdkufw,f/
oltBudKufqHk; 'defcJtrsdK;tpm;awG awmifyHk&myHk&JUtv,frSm a&mufaewJh olY½kyfykHvTmudk yDyDjyifjyif ol

jyefjrifae&w,f/
'defcJawGu wHqdyfrsdK;pHk? urÇmausmf ]csuf'g} wdkY ]b½kdif;} wdkY tygt0ifaygh/
tBudKufqHk; 'defcJawGudk BudKufoavmuf xdkifpm;aewJh olYyHkudk ol aoaocsmcsm jrifae&w,f/

tJ'Dvdk jrif&wJhtwGuf ol aysmfvmw,f/
tJ'DrSm olpOf;pm;w,f/ 'D ewfok'¨gwrQ t&om&SdwJh 'defcJawGudk ol b,favmuf pm;EkdifrSmvJ/
'defcJtopfawGudk olYrsufpdxJrSm jyufjyufxifxif jrifvmav wu,fh'defcJawGeJY wlvmavyJ/ tJ'Dvdk

ol tm½kHxJrSm ydkNyD; jyif;jyvmwJhtcg 'defcJtppfawGudk awGU&awmhr,fvdkY olydkNyD; ,HkMunfvmw,f/
tJ'Dtcg eH&HrSm ola&;jyefa&m/
uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm ‘'defcJawGudk rawGUcif
wu,f pm;&w,f xifvmw,f/
tJ'gaMumifh 'defcJ&Sd&mudk
uRefawmf a&mufawmhr,f xifvmw,f/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
]bmaMumifh ig 'Dvdk apmapm rvkyfrdcJhwmvJ} vdkY a[m[m olYudk,fol jyefar;w,f/
tJ'DrSm 0uFygvrf;wpfavQmuf olYtajy;EIef;[m pHcsdef wufvmawmhwmyJ/ ykdNyD; tm;ygvmw,f/

ajcvSrf;awG ykdoGufvmw,f/
rMumciftwGif;rSmyJ 'defcJ&dyfomBuD;wpfckudk ol awGUjyefw,f/ 'Dwpfcgawmh aocsmNyDaygh/ t0ifrSm

'defcJtpteawG awGU&wmudk;/
tvdk . . . wpfcgrS rjrifzl;wJh 'defcJtrsdK;tpm;awGygvm;/ jrifwmeJY odEdkifw,fav/ wu,fh

taumif;qHk;? tnGefYtzl;awG/ jrnf;Munfhawmh xifwJh twdkif;ygyJAsm;/ aumif;rSaumif;/
'defcJ tpteawGudk awGUorQ olaumufpm;w,f/ NyD;awmh awGUorQ tpteawGudk tdwfxJ

aumufxnhfao;w,f/ [rfeJYtwl pm;jzpfcsif pm;jzpfrSmav/ olYrSm tm;awGrmefawG jyefjynfhvmw,f/
pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI tjynfheJY ol txJudk 0ifcJhw,f/
bk&m; . . . bk&m; . . . txJrSmusawmh bmrSr&Sdygvm;/ ol t&rf; pdwf"gwf ysufoGm;w,f/

wpfpHkwpfa,mufu 'Dae&mudk t&ifa&mufNyD; 'DaemufqHk;ay: 'defcJtopfawG o,foGm;NyDaygh/ ig
awGUcJhwm igpm;cJhwmu zdwfususef&pfwJh tpte uav;awGygvm;/
'DawmhrS ol aemifw&w,f/ apmapmpD;pD;om wuf<uvdkuf&if 'Dae&m[m olYae&mjzpf&r,faygh/
tJ'DrSm a[m qHk;jzwfcsufwpfck csvdkufjyefw,f/ [rfqDudk jyefoGm;r,f/ ESpfa,mufom; yl;aygif;

BudK;pm;r,f/? ol toifh jzpfyghrvm;/
'DvdkeJY aemufaMumif; jyefvSnfhNyD; wpfae&mrSm a&;jyefw,f/
'defcJa[mif;awGudk
jrefjref oHa,mZOf jzwfEdkifav
'defcJopfawGUzdkY jrefavyJ/
a[mwpfa,muf vm&mvrf;twdkif;vSnfhNyD; 'defcJ&dyfom ]pD} &Sd&mudk ta&mufjyefvmcJhw,f/ ol,lvm

cJhwJh 'defcJ vwfvwfqufqufawG [rfudkay;w,f/ 'gayr,hf [rfu vufrcHbl;Asm;/
oli,fcsif;&JU apwemudkawmh ol av;pm;ygw,fwJh/ 'gayr,fhwJh . . .
]]ig . . rif;,lvmwJh 'defcJtopfawGudk igBudKufr,frxifbl; a[m/ igBudKufwJh teHu topfeH

r[kwfbl;/ igpm;aeus 'defcJ&JUt&omudkyJ ig pGJvrf;aew,f/ tJ'Dt&omudk jyefr&rcsif; igbmeJYrS tpm;
rxdk;Ekdifbl; oli,fcsif;}} vdkY ajymowJhAsm/
a[m t&rf;pdwf"gwfusoGm;w,f/ pdwfysufysufeJY jyefxGuf vmcJh&wmaygh/ 'Hk&if;udk jyefa&mufatmif

oGm;NyD; c&D;quf&jyefw,faygh/ aemufqHk; jyefvSnfhcJhwJh ae&ma&mufawmh oli,fcsif;vkyfwJholudk ol
t&rf;owd&vmjyefa&m/ 'gayr,fh ola&mufcJhwJh c&D;? ol&½SdcJhwJh tawGYtMuHKawG twGufvnf; ol
MunfEl;aew,f/
olY t"duyef;wdkif[m 'defcJrsm;rsm;&zdkY wpfckwnf;r[kwfbl;qdkwm ol odvmw,f/ olYudk aysmf½TifrI

&apwm[m 'defcJ wpfckwnf; r[kwfbl;/
aMumufvdkY ajy;aewmr[kwfbJ . . . udk,fh&nf½G,fcsufeJYudk,f ajy;aew,fqdkwm odawmh

udk,fhb0udk auseyf vmw,f/ tJ'Dvdk jrifwwfvmawmh a[m[m pm;&rJh aomuf&rJhb0eJY ]pD} 'defcJ
&dyfomrSm tv[ó tcsdefawGrSmwkef;uvdk tm;wkefYtm;i,f rjzpfawmhbl;/
tJ'Dvdk b0tjrifawG ajymif;vJvmwJhtcsdef? taMumufw&m;[m olYudk twm;tqD; rjzpfEkdif

awmhbl;qdkwm odvmwJh tcsdefrSm vrf;opfxJudk pGefYpGefYpm;pm; 0ifvmjcif;&JU tusdK;tmedoifudkvnf; ol
jrifvmawmhwmaygh/ 'Dvdk vrf;opfaemufudk vdkufcJhwJhtwGuf t[m&awG jynfhvmwm? cGeftm;opfawG
&vmwmr[kwfvm;/
tckawmh ol aumufcsufwpfck qGJEdkifNyD/ vdk&mudkr&cifrSm tcsdef[m tc&myJqdkwJh todwpfckyJ/
wu,fawmh a[m[m tJ'DtcsdefrSm olY&JUyef;wdkif[m vufwurf;rSm½SdaeNyDqdkwm olodaeNyD/ tJ'Dvdk

aoaocsmcsm odvdkufawmh ol NyHK;vdkufw,f/
'defcJ r½SdwJh ae&mrSm
apmifhqdkif;ae&wmxuf
0uFygxJudk avSsmufoGm;ae&wmu
ydkNyD; tEÅ&m,f uif;w,f/
b0 tawGUtBuHKrsm;av? todwdk;avyJrdkY a[mwpfa,muf avmutjrifopfwpfck xyf&jyefw,f/
wpfckck awG;aMumufaew,f qdkygawmh/ tJ'Dwpfckckudk ezl;awGU'l;awGU BuHKwJhtcg xifoavmuf

aMumufp&m raumif;bl;qdkwJh tcsufyJ/ oifhpdwfxJrSm oifhcGifhjyKcsufeJY tHkusif;zGJUNyD; pka0;aewJh taMumuf
w&m;[m wu,fhwu,f &ifqdkif&wJhtcg trSefxufydkNyD; aMumufp&maumif;aewJh oabmyJ/
a[m[m 'defcJtopf &SmrawGUrSmudk aoravmuf aMumufcJhw,f/ 'ghaMumifh xGuf&Smcsifpdwfawmif

r&SdbJ jzpfcJhw,f/
'gayr,fh olY&JU pGefUpm;cef;c&D; xGufvmuwnf;u olc&D;rSm toufqufEdkifatmifawmh 'defcJawG

[dkwpfp'Dwpfp awGUcJhwmyJ r[kwfvm;/
tJ'Dtiftm;eJYyJ c&D;qufzdkY olwmplaeNyD/ tJ'Dvdk a&SUudkarQmfMunfhvdkufrdwmeJY olY&ifawG ckefaeNyD/

pdwfawG vIyf&Sm;aeNyD/
olY&JU oHacs;wufaewJh avmutjrifa[mif;awG[m oHo,awG? pdk;&drfpdwf wdov’mawG zHk;aecJhw,f

qdkwm oljrifvmNyD/
ol[m 'defcJawG b,fawmhrS &awmhrSmr[kwfbl;vdkYvJ awG;cJhzl;w,f/

awGUjyef&ifvnf; vHkvHkavmufavmuf &SdrSmr[kwfbl;vdkY xifcJhw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u olawG;yHku tjzpf
bufur[kwfbl;/ tysufbufucsnf; jzpfaew,f/
'gayr,fh ol onfwpfacguf xGufvmuwnf;u olYtawG;tac:awG ajymif;vmcJhw,f/
[dkwkef;u 'defcJ&SdwJhae&mrSm 'defcJ &Sdudk&Sdae&r,fvdkY olxifcJhw,f/ tajctae ajymif;oGm;wmudk ol

vufrcHbl;/
ckawmh ol oabmaygufNyD/ rwnfNrJwJh oabmyJ/ tajymif;tvJqdkwm arQmfvifhxm;onfjzpfap?

rxm;onfjzpfap? BuHK&NrJ"r®wm oabmqdkwm ol em;vnfcJhNyD/
tajymif;tvJeJY BuHKvm&if ajcrudkifrd? vufrudkifrdjzpfwm[m arQmfvifhrxm;vdkYaygh/ tajymif;tvJ

udk udk,fu &SmraevdkYaygh/
onfvdk tajymif;tvJqdkwJh obm0 w&m;udk em;vnfvmawmh olY tawG;tac:awG? tpGJtvrf;

pdwfawGyg ajymif;vmw,f/
cP&yfNyD; ol a&;jyefw,f/
tawG;tac:a[mif;rsm;onf
'defcJtopf &Sd&modkY
oihftm; . . . vrf;nTefvdrhfrnf r[kwf/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
a[m c&D;qufw,f/ 0uFygvrf;wpfavQmuf taomhESifw,f/ 'defcJawG rawGUao;bl;/ aemufxyf

wdk;vmwJh olYavmu tjrifawGudk jyefawG;w,f/
tawG;opf? tjrifopfwdkYaMumifh trltusifhtopfawG olYrSm0ifvmw,fqdkwm ol owdxm;rdvmw,f/
'defcJ&dyfom ]pD} qDodkY wpfacguf jyefoGm;cJhwkef;u trltusifhrsdK; olYrSmr&Sdawmhbl;/
,HkMunfcsuf ajymif;vdkufNyDqdkwmeJY olYtjyKtrl taetxdkifyg ajymif;oGm;w,fqdkwm ol odNyD/
tajymif;tvJqdkwm vludk'ku©ay;w,fvdkY oif,Hkcsif,Hkyg/ tajymif;tvJudk qefYusifvdku qefYusifyg/
'grSr[kwf 'defcJopf &SmyHkawmfc&D;u tajymif;tvJudkBudKqdkzdkY taxmuftuljyKw,fvdkYvJ oif ,HkMunfEkdif
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eH&Hay:rSm ol a&;jyefNyD/
'defcJopfudk &SmawGUjyD;
pm;oHk;EdkifjyDvdkY oifjrifvmwJh tcsdef[m
oifhb0vrf;aMumif;
wpfqpfcsdK; ajymif;oGm;wJh tcsdefyJ/
olom ]pD} ae&muapmapmcGmNyD; tajymif;tvJudk vufcHr,fqdk&if ckcsdefrSm 'Dxuf tajctae

aumif;aerSmvdkY a[mwpfa,muf ckrS oabmayguf&Smw,fav/
pdwfa&m½kyfyg 'gxufydkNyD; tm;aumif;armif;oef jzpfaerSm/ 'defcJopfaemufudk vdkuf&mrSmvJ owåd
tjynfh? tm;rmef tjynfheJY aerSm/
NyDawmh 'Dtcsdefavmufqdk 'defcJyHkBuD;xJ a&mufcsif a&mufaerSm/
wu,fhtajymif;tvJ jzpfaeygvsuf ZGwfjiif;NyD; tcsdefawG jzKef;cJhjcif;ygvm;/
a[m[m ½Sd½SdorQ pdwfcGef;tm;awGudk pkpnf;vdkufw,f/ NyD;rS ydkía0;aom 0uFygvrf;awGqD ra&muf
zl;ao;wJh ae&mawGqDudk oGm;zdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/
ajy;&ifvTm;&if 'defcJawG? [kdrSmenf;enf; 'DrSmenf;enf;awGUw,f/ 'Dawmh ol jyefawG;Munfhw,f/
ae&maygif;rsm;pGmrSm olYtawG;tjrifawG a&;xm;cJhrdwJhtwGuf ol 0rf;omaew,f/
[rf vdkufvm&if 'Dpmwrf;[m olYtwGuf 0uFygvrf;nTefawG jzpfvdrfhr,fvdkY ol ,HkMunfw,f/ ol
vdkufvmjzpf&ifayghav/
rdrdoGm;wJh vrf;aMumif;twdkif; olvdkufvmjzpfygapvdkYyJ a[m qkawmif;&awmhwmaygh/ tif; . . .
'gqdk&ifawmh ighvufa&;awG ol awGUaumif;yg&JU/ zwfrd aumif;yg&JU/
awmfawmf MumMum uwnf;u a&;zdkY pdwful; &SdcJhwJh pum;vHk;awGudk ol a&;csvdkufjyefw,f/
rodrom tajymif;tvJ uav;rsm;udk

apmapmpD;pD; owdxm;rdr,fqdk&if. . .
aemif awGY&r,hf {&mr tajymif;tvJMuD;rsm;udk
&ifqdkifwJh ae&mrSm taxmuftul jzpfapw,f/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
ckawmh a[mwpfa,muf twdwfudk twdwfrSmxm;cJhNyD;? tem*wfeJY o[ZmwjzpfzdkYyJ tm½kHjyKawmh

w,f/
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jzpfvmawmhwmygyJ/
0uFyg[m olUurÇmvdk jzpfvmw,f/ oloGm;aeusc&D;vdk jzpfvmw,f? tJ'DrSm yef;wdkifeJY 'def;ceJ
oGm;wdk;awmhwmyJ/
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txJudk 0ifoGm;awmh jrif&wJhjrifuGif;aMumifh ol txdwfwvefY jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'gavmuf rsm;jym;wJh
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wu,favvm;? tdyfrufvm;? a0a00g;0g;eJY ol wtHwMo jzpfaewkef;rSm rdwfa[mif;aqGa[mif;
ESpfa,mufudk oGm;awGUw,f/ pepfzfeJY pum;&D;av/
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w,f/
ESpfaumifpvHk; Adkufuav;awG½TJvdkY 'Dae&mudk a&mufaewm awmfawmfMumNyDqdkwm jyaewmav/
a[mu olwdkYudk cyfavmavmEIwfqufNyD; iwfiwfeJY 'defcJawGudk wpfckcsif; pdwfBudKuf jrnf;awmhwm
yJ/ NyD;rS zdeyfcRwf? tm;upm;0wfpHkawGcRwfNyD; aoaooyfoyf acgufw,f/ ta&;taMumif;qdk&if
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aMumufaecJhwmygvm;qdkwm jyefjrifvmw,f/
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pajymif;vJcJhwmyJ/ tjrefqHk; ajymifvJEkdifzdkY enf;vrf;[m udk,fhrdkufrJrItwGuf udk,fjyef&,fypfrdzdkYyJ/? tJ'Dvdk
&,fEkdifNyDqdk&if csufcsif; tvkyfpjzpfawmhwmyJ/
a&SUudkwdk;NyD; qufvkyfzdkY ]pepfzf} eJY ]pum;&D;}wdkYqDuvJ ol oifcef;pmawG &vdkufw,f/
olwdkYu b0udk ½kd;½kd;uav;awG;w,f/ vdkwmxufydkNyD; rpOf;pm;bl;? ½IyfaxG;atmif rvkyfbl;/
'defcJ&dyfom ]pD} rSm tajctaeawG ajymif;vmawmh? 'defcJawGa½TUoGm;awmh 'defcJeJYtwl olwdkY
vdkufajymif;oGm;wmyJ/ 'gudk ol b,fawmhrS rarhawmhbl;/
tJ'DrSm a[m[m <uufuav;awGxuf vluav;awGu ydkNyD;omaMumif;jyzdkY olYOD;aESmufudk toHk;cs
awmhwmyJ/
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ESpfyg;oGm;zdkY oifMum;avhvmvdkY&w,fqdkwm olodNyDav/
t&mwdkif;udk ½kd;½kd;½Sif;½Sif;uav; awG;zdkYvdkw,fqdkwm ydkNyD; oabmaygufxm;&r,f/ tavQmhtwif;
vkyf&r,f/ NyD;awmh jrefjrefqefqef vIyf&Sm;&r,f/
vdkwmxufydkNyD; ½IyfaxG;atmif pOf;pm;zdkYrvdkbl;/ taMumufw&m;awGeJY a&mufvm&if tqifoifh
jzpfaeatmif tajymif;tvJ uav;awGudk owd&Sdae&r,f/
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w,f/
tajymiftvJ rvkyf&Jatmif csKyfwnf;xm;wJh w&m;cH[m rdrdudk,fwdkifyJ/ 'gaMumifh udk,fudk,fwkdifu
ajymif;vJrS&r,f/
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'gayr,fh aMumufoifhwJh udpöus&if aMumuf&r,fqdkwmvJ ol odxm;w,f/ wu,hf tEÅ&m,f a&SmifuGif;
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aygufwm/ tJ'gaMumifh ol tcsdefrD tajymif;tvJ rvkyfEkdifcJhwmaygh/
tJ'Dwkef;u tajymif;tvJ qdkwmBuD;udk ol vHk;0 vufrcHcJhbl;/ uHaumif;axmufrvdkY tajymif;tvJ
[m olYudk,fxJudk acgif;NrD;NcHK0ifvmNyD; ydkaumif;wJh 'defcJqDudk vrf;nTefay;cJhwm/
wpfNydKifwnf;rSm olYudk,fxJrSm&SdwJh t&nftcsif; aumif;awGawmif ay:vmao;w,f/
wdk;vmwJh A[kokwawG jyefpOf;pm;&if; oli,fcsif; [rf taMumif;yg acgif;xJ0ifvmw,f/
'defcJ&dyfom ]pD} rSmeJY vrf;wpfavQmuf ola&;cJhwJh eDwdawGudk ol zwfrS zwfrdyghrvm;/

[rfwpfa,muf pdwfvGwfvufvGwfeJY xGufaum vmjzpfygrvm;/ 0uFygxJ0ifvmNyD;? olYb0
qufvuf&Sifa&;[m bmqdkwm ol&SmazGawGU&Sdyghrvm; rod/
olYqDjyefoGm;&&if aumif;rvm; awG;rdjyefw,f/ a[mu vrf;udk aumif;aumif;uRrf;aeNyDav/
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qdkwm jyefowd& vmw,f/
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olYtwGuf vkyfay;vdkYr&bl;/ twif; wdkufwGef;vdkYvJ r&bl;/
ajymif;vJjcif;&JU tusdK;tjrwfudk udk,fwdkif &Sm&rSm/
olUtwGuf oJvGefpawG xm;cJh NyD;NyDyJ/ eH&Hay:u pmwrf;awG zwfrd&if vrf;rSefudk awGY&rSmaygh/
'defcJ&dyfom ]tifef}&JU tus,fjyefYqHk; eH&H wpfae&mrSm rSwfom; cJhorQ tawGYtMuHKawG pDNyD;
a&;csjyefw,f/ NyD;awmh pmwrf;awG ay: rSm {&mr 'defcJyHkBuD; qGJvdkufw,f/ NyD;rS olYb0 tjrifawGudk
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tajymif;tvJ qd k wm jzpf jrJ "r®wmyJ/
tJ'D tajymif;tvJu ‘'defcJudk tjrJwrf; ae&m

a&T Uxm;w,f /
tajymif ;tJ ud k Mud KawG ;xm;yg/
'defcJae&m a &TUxm;r,f h twG uf toih f jyif xm;yg/
tajymif;tvJ ud k owd eJ Y apmif h aeyg/
'defcJudk rMumcP erf ;Munf h yg/ rS dk eH Y udk owd jyKyg/
tjrefqHk; vdk uf avsmnD axG ajymif ;vJ yg/
'defcJa[mif;udk jrefjref oHa,mZOf jzwfedkifav
‘'defcJopfudk jref jref &vG ,f avyJ /
tajymif;tvJ 'd ef cJeJ Y twl vdk uf ajymif ;yg/
tajymif ;tvJ ud k cspf jrwf Ed k ;yg/
pGefYpm;cef;udk wefzdk;xm;yg/
'defcJtopfud k t&om&S d &S doHk ;aqmif yg/
aemufwMudrf tjref ajymif ;vJ zd k Y toifh jzpfaeygap/
jyD;awmh aysmfaysmfy g;yg; pm;oHk;yg/
olwdkYu 'defcJ ud k tjrJ wrf ; quf jyD ; ae&m

a&TUaevdrfhr,f/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
'defcJ&dyfom ]pD} rS [rfeJY cGJcJhwJh tcsdeftwdkif;twmudk a[m jyefpOf;pm;vdkufw,f/ MumcJhNyDyJ/

ta0;BuD;udk a&mufcJhNyDyJ/ 'gayr,fh 'DtajctaerSmyJ NidrfNidrfuav; ESyfaevdkuf&if [rf&JUb0rsdK;udk
vG,fvG,fuav; jyefa&mufoGm;Edkifw,f qdkwmvJ a[mwpfa,muf oabmaygufw,f/
'gaMumifh 'defcJ&dyfom ]tifef}udk aeYwdkif; ppfaq;w,f/ 'defcJ tajctaeudk tNrJwrf; avhvmw,f/
txdwfwvefY jzpfp&mawGeJY rarQmfvifhwJh tajymif;tvJawG jzpfvmrSmudk a&SmifEkdifatmif bmrqdk
olvkyfrSmyJ/
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awGudk avQmufoGm;w,f/ ywf0ef;usifrSm bmawGjzpfaew,fqdkwm rsufjcnfjywf rcHawmhbl;/
'l;ESHNyD; ZdrfcHaewmxuf vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; oGm;vm pl;prf;aewmu ydkNyD; b0vkHNcHKrI&Sdw,fqdkwm ol
odvmNyDav/
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ydkus,fvmw,f/ aocsmNyD/ wpfa,mufa,muf vmaeNyD/ a[m[dkaxmifhu ol bGm;ceJ ay:vm
avrvm;/
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apmifhcJhaygif;vJ rsm;ygNyDav/
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'defcJeJYtwl ae&m
vd k uf ajymif ;yg/
jyD;awmh rS tyd k if ,l yg/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
aqG;aEG;yGJ
(xdkaeY nydkif ;)
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NyHK;NyHK;BuD; jyefMunfhaeMu\/
NyD;awmh aus;Zl;wifaMumif; 0dkif;ajymMuonf/ Zmwfvrf;xJu trsm;BuD; &vdkufaMumif;vnf; ajymMu
\/
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onf/ olwdkY txJwGif wyfxJ0ifoGm;onfh z&ifhvnf;ygonf/
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onfonf ydkYypfw,f/ ighwdkY olYudk 0dkif;ajymMuw,f/ tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;awG trsm;BuD;ygvkdY/
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