Hy the wad ot thi Ww while by tf HD Wapveae piven ninndiny 4 \ jy OM ney ! hi aK HPAP Hilionnv nt HHH Alani | 1 honlae # 8 Dovive | 4 Apply | i rene th Vern, inch i ta form (i Hove A We hetoyvnn | anh ‘ doy Bh MW Ht ty Aandi r Hor exampl yr ‘ i) 2) 000 ' tad Powenotw i i ' i wa Ww mn Up i i) he Ta Mi Wedsca TSRTSTRCT a “aml ‘The powers 3 and 5 describes how many press the following in ordinary form eee multiplied respec a) 3.16% 17° b) 4.746 10* c) 5.82 10" faut ae and k while the bases are t and k whi the powers are 3 and 5 respectively. > In mathematics, index is the same a5 1p 36x10 =3.16 x 100 = 316 ‘exponent or power. Indices is the plural of w a 4.746 4.746 orn 6 x 108 = = 55 9 Tb) 4746x120" 39" 10.000 0,000 4746 Laws of indices (Revision) 582x107 = 5.82 x 10 000 000 The following basiclaws of indices as treat be = 58 200 000 ed in junior secondary class are as follows Wi Exercise 34 1 xb : 19) Express the following mumbers ce oe 1 300 2 0.234 3 rete im 3 57% 4 00001361 5 256000 6 106 25 7 12750 8 0 056 oe ves 9 $5000 000 10 4372 Express the following i *) exh b) SEX? ni 384 x10 12 5004 ¢ @ 18 13 54x10 4 °) 9 wx 15 6510" 16 ¢ : 02. 3725x104 18 4 qu» 19 82x10 20 2.43 x1 a) Method t _ Indices oe Fee ier ts said to be in index form es 5 of times. For examP os itself lot it multiplies itself le Method kxkxkxk i k. Band k txtxtand kK are in index form. < 10°1 = (5x bxb) x(2xbxbxb) =5x2xbxbxbxXbXb = 100° Method 2 Bi x 2 = 5x 2x B= 106° ‘5b x 26° (The coefficients are multiplied and the powers of b added.) ) Method 1 Method 2 d) Method 1 18x3 + 3x — Method 2 18x) +3 (Divide the coefficients ie. 18 +3=6 and subtract the powers of x.) 6x _ mam 4 mxmxm Direct m? x me =m m® Exercise 3.2 the following. 1 xz 2 3x 3 30x2 4 #5 ( 5 12 6 (18x10?)+@x10) 9 10 6x2 x 3x° x 2r# mw 12 (Sx) 3 14 9a* x 4a® 5 16 Bxy? Feiss 18 6pq x 7r 20 4x9 x x5 5x? Product of indices (P; When r ‘roduct law) 'ssion having a power *, keep the base. aising an expre: nother power ‘ and multiply Example 4 Simplify (3p. Gp Method 1 Gy 3x 3°x 35 * (From So embeds tangtut the powers LE NN A US rad e Tha (HY = ramaple 8With the anne baat we van paneer F axe)” py it Pri¢ Fractional indicebp) 0.125>=| From these examples, We Cam deduce the following facts: 4 Thesquarerootof any positive num- ber may be positive oF NeBSHYS ed to a negative number ‘Ee {ip =47,1€ a9 = ber rais reciprocal of the + of the same Any num poweristhe raised to a positive POS quantity, ¢8:YH =3 Tierive a4 Simplify the following. 1 2 004 is) *(*) 7 {Sy 5 cw va (18 \i ten) Problems involvir tions Example 7 Solve the ng indicial e following equations icube root of x, ie. anumber ex a 3 times to give 4%, 0%. 027 :3%3x3 gives 27, qua. re Square both sides. Take the cube of both sides° r b) 76 wath A Pe?) 4) 10%=— By 00 1-9 Find the value ofthe unknown iia a following, a gat 1 (5 25) 5) 105") =25 b) C5 = 8 2) en” 5 =O, aS (7 (NAMB evaluate 91x34 lees 9 (D ' : ince the base jual, then we a) 0 4 equate the powers orind 4 (¢+3)-202x-3) -¢ ae x43-4x 46-0 643-0 9 Evaluate 2 = 3a9 +9=0 10 2d 14 ae 9 pxercise 36 Exercise 35 1 xpress the follow in standard for » 500, ee 4 Solve the following equation 00% 4) 00862 2 © de soowing none ag eda, vyei-™ ») 8010" b) 498710 1 , gaint isin '-* *) 21606210" le 0"1 3) (0%) d) wy? 4 Find the values of Any number expressed in the A710" is said to be in standare Some of the laws of indices ar marised as follows: a) x W=b9b) 3ex34 : 0.36)" a wy © 4 Find the values of: a ww b) Yer ) ey a Va 5 — Simplify + 85°) x 256 p) 22x22 [waec) ? 4 6 Evaluate the following, Va x ayo = 8 7 Use index notation to simplify a) p's (py b) (ne)? x Wr) 8 Solve the equations a) Wr=4 b) daa 9 Find the value of a) 9x°=72_ b) (0.0081) 10. Evaluate the following, mae 1 b) 27=3 © Bd) 2 x 4! [WAEC] 1: expressed in the for ‘Ax 10"is said to be in standard some of the laws of indices ares marised as fol lows: Any numbe! a) be xb=b b) bbb o (wy=b" d) =1 ) beavb 1 6b g) bate Laws of indices can be applied to solving problems involving indicial equations