HESI MED SURG STUDY GUIDE

Child 1-8 resuscitation - Ventilations are mouth to mouth; chest compressure 1 inch with one palm at a
rate of 100/min; 2 ventilations to 30 compressions; most common rhythm is asystole and bradycardia;
give epinephrine at 0.01mg/kg body weight using a 1:10,000 solution

Pulseless arrest algorithm (PALS) - Search for treatment of possible contributing factors checking for
Hypovolemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion acidosis, hypo/hyper kalemia, tamponade, tension pneumothorax,
thrombosis, trauma

Homeostasis - The process of maintaining a relative state of equilibrium; occurs in relation to

maintenance of the composition of fluids

Osmolarity - Changes in this cause shifts in fluids

Extracellular fluid - The osmolarity of this is almost entirely due to sodium

Intracellular fluid - The osmolarity of this is almost entirely due to potassium

ECF & ICF - Pressures of these are almost identical

Lower; higher - Shift from the area of __ concentration to __ concentration

Dextrose 10% - A hypertonic solution and should be administered IV

Normal saline - An isotonic solution and is used for irrigations, such as bladder irrigations or IV flush
lines with intermittent IV medications

Kidneys - Selectively maintain and excrete body fluids; retain needed substances and excrete unneeded
substances; regulate pH by excreting or maintaining hydrogen ions and bicarbonate; excrete metabolic
wastes and toxic substances

Lungs - Rid the body of 300mL of fluid/day; play a role in acid-base balance; regulate CO2
concentrations

Adrenal glands - Secrete aldosterone

Aldosterone - Causes sodium retention and potassium excretion

Parathyroid glands - Regulate calcium and phosphorus balance

Pituitary gland - Secretes ADH

ADH - Causes the body to retain water

Potassium - Imbalances that are potentially life-threatening

Low Magnesium - Often accompanies a low K+

Fluid volume deficit - Occurs when the body loses water and electrolytes isotonically; serum electrolyte
levels remain normal; dehydration

Dehydration - State in which the body loses water and serum sodium levels increase