DRUG STUDY

Drug Order Indications

Mechanism of
(Generic Name,
Action Contraindications Side Effects Adverse Effects
Brand Name)

Generic Name: Semisynthetic, broad- Infections caused ● Hypersensitivity Common Side effects: Adverse reactions:
spectrum beta-lactam by susceptible to cephalosporins
Cefoxitin antibiotic derivative organisms in the or penicillin  injection site reactions CNS: headache, lethargy,
of cephamycin C lower respiratory (swelling, redness, pain, paresthesia,
Brand Name: (produced tract, urinary or soreness), syncope,seizures
by Streptomyces tract, skin and  skin rash, CV: hypotension,
Mefoxin lactamdurans). skin structures,  vaginal palpitations, chest
Classified as second bones and joints; itching or discharge, pain, vasodilation,
generation also intra-  loss of appetite, thrombophlebitis
cephalosporin; abdominal  nausea, EENT: hearing loss
structurally and endocarditis,  vomiting, GI: nausea, vomiting,
pharmacologically gynecological diarrhea,
 stomach pain,
related to infections, abdominal cramps, oral
 diarrhea, or
cephalosporins and septicemia, candidiasis,
penicillins. uncomplicated  headache. pseudomembranouscolitis
Antimicrobial gonorrhea, and GU: vaginal candidiasis,
spectrum of activity perioperative Serious side effects: nephrotoxicity
resembles that of prophylaxis in Hematologic:
cefonicid. prosthetic  dark urine, lymphocytosis,
Considerably less arthroplasty or  easy bruising or bleeding, eosinophilia,
active than most cardiovascular  fast/pounding/irregular bleeding tendency,
cephalosporins surgery. May be heartbeat, hemolyticanemia,
against Staphylococci. cephalosporin of  seizures, hypoprothrombinemia,
Preferentially binds to choice for mixed  unusual weakness, neutropenia,
one or more of the aerobic-anaerobic  yellowing eyes or skin, or thrombocytopenia,
penicillin-binding infections  mental/mood changes agranulocytosis, bone
proteins (PBP) (e.g., Bacteroides (such as confusion). marrowdepression
located on cell walls fragilis). Hepatic: hepatic failure,
 of susceptible hepatomegaly
organisms. Musculoskeletal:
arthralgia
Respiratory: dyspnea
Skin: urticaria,
maculopapular or
erythematous rash
Other: chills, fever,
superinfection,
pain at I.M. site,
anaphylaxis, serum
sickness

Body as a
Generic Name:  Produces analgesia by Fever reduction.
● Hypersensitivity  Minimal GI upset. Whole: Negligible with
unknown mechanism, Temporary relief
to acetaminophen recommended dosage;
of mild to
Paracetamol, perhaps by action on or phenacetin; use  Methemoglobinemia rash. 
Acetaminophen peripheral nervous moderate pain.  Hemolytic Anemia
with alcohol.
system. Reduces Generally, as
 Neutropenia Acutepoisoning: 
Brand Name:  fever by direct action substitute for
Anorexia, nausea,
on hypothalamus aspirin when the  Thrombocytopenia
vomiting, dizziness,
Biogesic, heat-regulating center latter is not  Pancytopenia lethargy, diaphoresis,
Panadol, Tylenol with consequent tolerated or is
 Leukopenia chills, epigastric or
peripheral contraindicated.
abdominal pain, diarrhea;
 Urticaria
vasodilation,sweating, onset of hepatotoxicity—
and dissipation of  CNS stimulation elevation of serum
heat. Unlike aspirin,  Hypoglycemic coma transaminases (ALT,
acetaminophen has AST) and bilirubin;
 Jaundice
little effect on platelet hypoglycemia, hepatic
aggregation, does not  Glissitis coma, acute renal
 affect bleeding time,  Drowsiness failure (rare). 
and generally Chronic ingestion: 
produces no gastric  Liver Damage Neutropenia,
bleeding. pancytopenia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenic
purpura, hepatotoxicity in
alcoholics, renal damage.

Generic Name: Reduces gastric acid Duodenal and  Long-term use CNS: dizziness,
Omeprazole secretion and gastric ulcer. for  Back, leg, or stomach pain headache, asthenia
increases gastric Gastroesophageal gastroesophageal GI: nausea, vomiting,
Brand Name: mucus and reflux disease  bleeding or crusting sores diarrhea, constipation,
reflux disease
bicarbonate including severe on the lips abdominal pain
(GERD),
Prilosec, Prilosec production, creating erosive duodenal ulcers;  blisters Metabolic:
OTC, Zegerid protective esophagitis (4 to proton pump  hypomagnesemia
bloody or cloudy urine
coating on gastric 8 wk treatment). inhibitors (PPIs), Musculoskeletal: back
mucosa and easing Long-term hypersensitivity;  chills pain; fractures
discomfort from treatment of children <2 y;  continuing ulcers or sores of hip, wrist, spine (with
excess gastric acid pathologic use of OTC in the mouth long-term
hypersecretory formulation in daily use)
conditions such  difficult, burning, or Respiratory: cough,
children <18 y or
as Zollinger- painful urination upper respiratory
GI bleeding;
Ellison syndrome, pregnancy  fever tract infection
multiple (category C); use  Skin: rash
frequent urge to urinate
endocrine of Zegerid in
adenomas, and metabolic  general feeling of
systemic alkalosis, discomfort or illness
mastocytosis. In hypocalcemia,  itching, skin rash
combination with vomiting, GI
 joint pain
clarithromycin to bleeding.
treat duodenal  loss of appetite
ulcers associated
 muscle aches or cramps
with Helicobacte
r pylori.  pain
 red or irritated eyes
 redness, tenderness,
itching, burning, or peeling of
the skin
 sore throat
 sores, ulcers, or white
spots on the lips, in the mouth,
or on the genitals
 unusual bleeding or
bruising
 unusual tiredness or
weakness