1. India.

A. Magadha kingdom (Ajatashattu).

i. vs. Kosal.

ii. vs. Anga (his brother).

B. 1st things.

i. Rock throwing catapult.

ii. New war chariot.

iii. Professional army.

C. Claims protection of Buddha’s legacy.

i. Council collects Buddha’s sayings (suttas).

ii. Pali canon.

2. The Persian wars.

A. How it started.

i. Persia takes over Thrace.

- After failing to subdue the Scythians in Europe.

ii. Macedonia allies with Persia.

iii. Ionian (Asia Minor) Greeks rebel.

- Short lived victory.

B. The Battle of Marathon (490 BC).

i. Persian comes for Athens.

ii. Athens use phalanx.

iii. Athens wins (wasn’t supposed to).

iv. Fallout.

v. Xerxes becomes king of Persia.

vi. Hellenic leagues form.

C. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC).

i. Sparta’s king Leonidas.

ii. Persia’s immortal (professional army).

iii. Mountain pass on the way to Athens.

 iv. 300 Spartans vs. 10,000 Immortals.

- Holds the pass for 2 days.

- Spartans survive.

v. Sparta/Athens debate: defend Athens?

- They withdraw, Athens sacked.

D. - Battle of Salamis.

i. Themistocles's (480 BC) misinformation

ii. Greek Ships better suited to narrows around Salamis Island.

iii. Greeks Win.

iv. Xerxes goes home, leaves general.

v. Themistocles’s misinformation #2.

E. Battle of Plataea (479 BC)

i. Greeks finish off what's left of the Persia.

ii. Leonidas's nephew, Pausanias is the general.

F. Battle of Mycale.

i. Persian navy takes to land.

ii. Ionians leave the Persians.

iii. Greeks drive the Persians back to Sardis.

3. The Peloponnesian Wars

A. Why the war started.
i. Sparta let Athens burn during the Persian wars.
ii. Sparta and Athens form the Hellenic league.
iii. Ionian cities
- Sparta – leave them.
- Athens – protect them.
iv. Siege of Byzantium.
- Last time Athens and Sparta work together.
- Byzantine Becomes Greek again.
- Xanthippus (Athenian general).
- Pausanias (Spartan general).
v. Sparta tells Athens not to rebuild their walls.
- Themistocles sent officials slowly to Sparta and quickly rebuilt the Athens walls.
 vi. Pausanias’s recalled to Sparta.
- Because of rumours.
- Was acquitted.
- Xanthippus now in charge of all the armies.
- Kills the old Hellenic League.
vii. Two Leagues form.
- Athens - Delian League (DL).
- Sparta - Peloponnesian League (PL).
B. Who won? –Athens.
C. The Delian league (DL).
i. “Led” by Athens.
- Forced Naxos to return to the DL (460 BC).
- "Helped" Megara vs. Peloponnesian League.
ii. More empire than equal polis-es.
D. The Long Walls.
i. Built by Pericles, Xanthippus’s son.
4. The Golden Age of Athens.
A. Herodotus (historian) leaves Athens.
B. Socrates (philosopher) teaches.
C. Pericles (orator) builds the Acropolis
i. Parthenon, etc-
5. People.

Pericles Xanthipus’s son, Great orator, builds the long walls

and Acropolis.
Themistocles Athenian general, was misinformed, sent officials to
Sparta and rebuilt the Athens walls.

Alcibiades Athenian, Libertine and glory hog, trickster.

Lysander Spartan commander, knocks down long wall and takes

away DL.
Socrates Athenian philosopher, teaches Alcibiades.

Cyrus the great King of Medes and Persia, takes over Asia minor and
Babylon, Marduk liberator, killed by Tomyris.
Cambyses King of Persia, Cyrus’s son, moves capital to Susa,
dies suddenly with no heir.
Darius I King of Medes and Persia, strange story of becoming
king, 1st world map, tries to destroy Scythians but fails.