A Glossary of Grammatical Terminology English-German German-English by Herbert Lederer the University of Connecticut+ A Glossary of Grammatical + Terminology English-German German-English by Herbert Lederer the University of ConnecticutA Glossary of Grammatical " Terminology English-German - German-English |__ by Herbert Lederer the University of Connecticut ee his ginsary, which contains ese to 600 Garman and English T irene int tec oprset 9 att tov bie! an concise dtiations of moat eequenty used ergy of me musics fat hey apy othe str anal ontemporary German and ave apical ta the teaching of German thetinted tate nest cata be a complete dietovey ele ia fespect to the number af entes rf the explanations Specaleed technical terminology inthe fet of phonetics, morphology, and Fnguistie deny hive not been included "hs Eh. Geman set the vous Garman em ith gender inaieaton) sued b equivalents to the Eng concept Whe evry for was made to ste the cttentpreterred or most requenty wed Enis tern asthe main enty and to erveteference ait aerate designations there was no stempt to st German terminology ins ‘ental ofder of quency or preference. The English-German section ‘ho consis detintion ofeach enty and ahtatve examples, The {German-English section merely a bling vocabuly, Meiaing ender ani purl forms of German nouns ‘The purpose ol comping this material was fo bring some degree of ufeaton:undeation, and eoddcation ta the bewderng protesion Snd-confoston of confkting sad overlapping grammatial ths een the teaching of German. On tbe ane hand diferent able have been ‘hed to describe the same concept, bot in ngith and in, German Ts le een Caan gatas Rave dad maaan me np Iteratonally accep ann ermnology omme of ese we not idemtal with the terms Ged Engh fe Korg), Moveare Several German abe are ten vsedn place or inaddtionte agen {ti term, such a Aaupewort,Bingwot, Nesinwort in adaiton fo ‘Nomen and Substantn: On the other hand, the same tet’ his ‘ametimes ‘been applied to ‘two diferent and aint ingutic Phenomena fog “accent inthe tense of sires" or “aigcricl mak Furthermore, recent advances in dexciptive inguin have rested ip the coinage ‘af completely new ferry such ae the Carman Vored, ‘nity tanned te font fel, Torleld ad predASegwN coyotes Arcam wate, of German been con fronted bya varity of unfnlaconcpt, bu sadets changing om ‘he instuon, one course, one teicher, on eve one tentbeck to Soother have siten encountered contadcny methods a ters | fist became anate ofthe masve dimensions of he problem din {he wing of = Reletence Grammar haved on the Schuke-crasbich Grammati der ieutschen Sprache in which stamped toe gene Ii comprehensible and widely acceptable ely The book cantons tral loan dling some ofthe terms most equenty vedi the feaehing of German, rel ot suestins by many claps have igematly to-eapand ths losry by selecting a defining several apes ram ‘Patel eins tr bath German ahd. Engion Baring workshops con ated a es uccenie sa mck ote Aan Aeon Df Teaches of German, ths growing st au dcssed by German and Arica tos nthe i png to each ne sr coca ave also been in cvrespondence with many hngaish who heve sven me thet wholehearted cooperation and we have been tet each ‘emathable degree of agreement i ao unaimyl on mom problems Im aiion, I nave discussed the selection and delinion of terms with many of my colleagues inthe hes of Cosma and Ungutes both the’ Unies of Convectcut and st other insttionss some. the imate has ko been Wed uti undergraduate and gradate coutses {lim tader ndend who hve geneous conte te ‘ets an Suggestion, am deeply gistelal Wibousthet inalaole omens ad rican, this gist could never have bes are dr iheydeseive «tare have of te ce forts undertaking At the $Smertime, however the responsiaiy fr any ombslons nor ominge {ako wish to acknowl with thanks the support af the Universy of Connect Grae Reseach Foundation ach made te cae ion ot the manuscript posible by" providing Tunak for secretarial sistance. Final. am indebted tie Tew Smh for her work ih trganning,crosecheching. avembling typing and proorecding the matte a for providing many help cuggesns, ism ope hat oi wil el sens an eacer alcine {comprehension and usage of grammatical erminoiogy sed in German femgeageircton an shat til serve asa pele for testbock authors editors and publishers Ssoirs, Connecticut Part | English-German Glossary Ablaut er abiau adtonal erm for fstosel vowel pattern in past tense and pest par se te em acetates {et Eau sng Sung: Song oe Cerman Kommen, am, gekommens Kame Zakunits Long Sometimes clea vowel Grassi Schone in Nowe lengths alto relerred to as Quanttaine Gradaton (de Abnttng.'A change i the nature of the vowel Selved To 25 ucla Gradation he Aetonungh [Absolute Accusative (solterAtkusts) "An accusative contained in an elite Contucton where the subject ject relatlonship cnt evident eg Guten Nou! Ben Put det Hal amr i Zimmer [Absolute Comparative (anolterKomparaiy) ‘comparative orm a adjecives or adverb which expresses general ‘Quantity ater than a speci comparson te tn ere Her Absolute Superlative (2solter Super) "Aseria tr of acectnes or adyertn which denotes very igh Geqite of the guy tnccsed fog habe Zen Accent der Akzent ining ¢ mar led over volo nda fy poruncaion German toes nn use accom mark excep in ovign nord tke Cale Wa reterence to spoken form, therm accent also seas a Synonym for sues h may aso Teles to indidul or teptonl speech characteris, rina foriga language = to mtrierence of aie Accusative (der Wena der 4 Faller Asati) Asdecenional ae fx no + pronouns andthe moder ‘ceuring av the abject sve ora pepoaiion or ma predene ‘odie inthe cve of er, Windcses nese! objet ke the pe ‘no thing wth which the sti is mmedhatly concer fe eh ‘eh den Mann). Action (Hanan. de Aton) ‘raven which i caused by the subject of the sentence (eg. Ie ait teesA Glossary of Grammatical Terminology English-German German-English by Herbert Lederer the University of Connecticut = PHIMTZASOC wo! 9Walne Pre watboan 5,196 Part | English-German Glossary 1 historical vowel patterns in past teave ad past pa ‘Shel certain ser figs and eave sing song 07 German kommen, kam gekommen? kunt kan Somes ales Vowel Cadaon A cone in Vowel length abo refered to a+ Quanttane. Gradaton (le Absung. change le the nature of He vowel ieeved 1 5 Qatatne Graton che Abenung), Absolute Accusative abssuterAbhusativ) ‘ fn 2ebsaive contained ina eiptc constuction, where he subject ‘objet relationship not evident fg. Guten Abend! Ben Hor i der an kam er ins Bane Absolute Comparative (aboluer Komparat) "Acompurtie frmot adjectives or adverbs which exreses a general ‘quantiy rather than a specie comparison te. en Mere Her Absolute Superative absolute operat) “Nsuperate form of alectives or aerin which denotes avery high degree ofthe qalty Indicated (eg Réchate Ze ‘Accent der Akzort Invriing. @ mark placed over a vowel to indicate is pronunciation German os not ute aceon mary excep in fovign words ike Cale ih elerence wo poker ty theft acent i wed 2 may abo veer to indidal or repionslspecch ra Toreig language ~ To iterference of rave Aceunatve de Wena dar Fal dar Aka WR declensional cave form nouns o¢ pronouns and ther modes, Snorting with which the setion snmesdately concerned te ch shen Mann) ‘Action ai Handons die Aktion. “Agtrent which m cased by the subject ofthe sentence (eg eh ete Ch ProceActive Volce isi tatige Frm, dhe Tatlrm, die Taigheitsioun, dos A verb form which indicates thatthe event or state of ings brought about by the subjet of the vantence lea ih sbrlbe tien Brie eonshe ‘Actor (Rolls dor Alean “Rperson n thing patting io a0 event or eof beings sublet eject ew Bat Mann est de ‘Aajectve (ds Beiwon.dsfigenichatvor, ds Adjktiv) "Xpart speech which modiis nouns oF ace 4 predicate comple: iment. Rujecves maybe undeciined ox have eer or secondary Sings, There are Liming Adjective te deve and Desratne Adee weed ae ‘Advet(das Unntandwon das Adverb) “part of speech which mods or complement verb (eg. Ih eb Gighsebeorshich at ae an aout for ajc eg ser and othe adverbs eg sehr bal) Adverbs ae mild scepter c= Barativeand superiaive ending om adjecth a verb om achelite Adverbal Accusative adverbiler Asst) ton asm the cian dar neo of dine ne pce, of meanest gr bleh elaen Tag Wi gen den Bp Finoi"banst KeinenPlednl we. ‘Adverbal Gentvefadeebiler Cnt ‘xm pene ee en indo nin ime Place," manner ie elnes "bendy, hlsgen ‘Ores schweren Breezes . Adverbial Modifier (die aderbisle Bestimmung. die Unstandsba- Stung) Avptedcate, moder (word, phrase, or clause) indicating ie ursances (ume, manner, cise place, whith lunes Me an stverb (eg vor swel Wochen Alls to {Ones moe ters or sabes added to the rom, mile, or edo word to moaly ts meaning or tneton. Chins, rei Agent der Leber der Hanne) 2 person o thing which causes an event to happen, Not neces faenical withthe subjee fg fr wurde vam Lebrer gio ‘Agreement (die Konavuene) “Sima relstonsip in nurber and person between an ie Serb Te du geha! or inthe case and gender tates adjectives, fours and pionours lex den sten Miner Alternative Question ie Enscheidungscae) "A question which inquires sbovt an emive sation and which ether ‘ane anwered only ya, doch nine Teahen Ske gern Wel Gretel nce Sete shcrnasts Cp TIONG eM Bleeder Weim nay begs wit ef Sr, Antecedent (ss Anvezeders) hs ‘ihe eement Incun, pronoun, phase, or clause 1 which a pronoun ‘eles (ay Dar Maan. den Sic hier sehen.) Anticipatory Word vorseanehmendes Wort der Pltzhaler) ‘An indetnte eso da fps preposition which eters 03 noun, po ‘pun, of clause occuring later inthe sentence te. Koh ewe mich Schon dau, Sc sid wedrauschen, Ree gl et an ors und or OIE sc Fal ne rase ae ah dine gene Se Soper ney ening a ey nce leita Gennes wa Soe Apparent Passive is Zustendipanie) ‘Rewalys nat pessive at al but rather consrtion wth sein and the pas paricple nf the main verb csed athccaly Uke ees Passe, the apparent pasveinglatesaiate of being fe Die Tort {eschlssen) ots process eg De Tur wind geachoneny Alo cae Sisal Pusive, Fase Pose, of Passive of fey Apposition ide Appostion, dr Beisate) “Rhoun or pronoun na paral constuction which serves fr futher ‘aentiiestion gratification of another noun ot pronoun, It may frecede or alow iw retrentandhas the sane eave te. eh see linen tier Muller melnan Kelegen, vor Attic das Geschlechtwort, der Atel de Celeewor) ‘iting secive mocilying» noun and Serving 3 an indicator of umber gender and can Cenin hs Getic an indtinte aries Intvee fender Anices may ava function ss pronouns leg, De re ih gut Pronouns Atrlbute ie sevtugung, ds Ati) ZA wo, phase of case which serees 9 madly ar describe some ‘ther sentence unt (eg der eben gewahle neve Prise) Attrbutive Adjective (tribes Adee) "A descriptive adjective preceding he noun to which it cles few. der he Ker Attributive Cause (der Abutioate) ‘dependent clase (usally a felatve cause) which serves a5 an at- Tubute fora noun or pronoun (eg de Fra, mit de ch speach Antony is Aniony) ‘A member of word pair with opposite meanings (eg alt= JungRete i non of ens, mood oe which he Tet sc a ee ena abn ei ath Base of a Compound iis Grrl The, main pa of compound word which usally cies main word eg ls Maun oie Tu der StVune der Hawstschioe, Basle Word Order de Gundieling) Ste Regula Word Orser etlon (te rote! Tene of etl as oe Gelan nouns and pronouns fe, ds aus, th ardinal Number te Kardaiet ore basic form of numerical adjectives used in counting (e.g. elns, pear eel der kin 3 ra as seuh a pronoun (ands oder) which nates function nthe setench sgh mbit cbt the sears cas pepoaton Gunman bo four once Noslonlee Aeon Cau veg rrr ver aan Ye ‘Aver whieh indicates thatthe scbect causes the even! to happen, Derived itm an jective leg fllenrolt machen) or fom ante, ‘hua ntranatve verb eg fllemtalen machen) csuantive verbs ae Unstve Type I verbs ‘Clreumantlal Modifier (de Unstandsangobe. de ele Angabe) A pedegte mosiier which ndeates he cecristances fame manne aig, Pel ach compu an grt the pon ced ‘My be an aera prepositional psa noun'or pron i Accusative, dative, genisee, n'a dependent cause Cause der ste) ‘sentence unit which devcibes an event of ae of being There are Main Clauses and Dependent Classes. German grammar ao reles to ‘pigiee and putcl cases whch se condoned hse i loved sale scone te A halen eaten ena) enandte Were) Words diferent ingutge derived from the same rots even though ‘ane ot both may have undergone changes in moaning’ fore it echt - knight Callective Noun (der Sammelname, der Gruppenname, dis Kollek ‘singular noun retrring 10 2 group operons, things or concepts (cde Poze! kam; dar Gebige, Colon (de Doppelpunkt, ds Koion) “Rpunetustion math: )used prmarly to itroduce dec quotations of {io related tems, ‘Comma id Koma. der Besrch) ‘The punctuation mark [yin Getman, comms re sed tose off Hldkpenden cates eg Alwar erage war sh resa tung itn clauses few fehates rath te anf. oma ial used to ndiate decimal fy OS-AuH Romans Fon Unie Enh, German doe nt une comas to sat of pene se Vor swe! Wochen ham er uns beso ie separate tree sii ups o numer eg 156000) tance othe aed aot ind eg vote nd Bin). ‘Command (der efehd ‘Aform of linguistic unerance which requests 2 eran scion oF Seneiot, Usui the impzatve:athough ther ver fms ametines be vied eg mir“dar Buch! ls elaslgead Siligestandea' cs werde lich, ‘Common Noun er Gattungsname) ‘Arnounnot used 3 proper mame (eg. das Maus Comparative de seigerung der Kompartv) 1 form of adjectives and adjectival adverbs which shows a higher Aegree of the tribute indicated tog gre Complex Prediate See Muliple Predicate Complex Sentence as stefuge, die Period) ‘A'setence consisting ofa man cause and one or more dependent ‘Compound Sentence (de Satrverbindung. de Stee) ‘Nbentence consuing of two or more main clausesCompound Tense die zssmmengessiteZeform) ‘Rens ov fequiing te ye of infec ashy ver and 3 non finite form ofthe main verb Gatigtive or pst purple In German, Perec and future ems te Teh abe ch werde arb cengoun ie rmenazng 1S Cen ache Conclusion ie schlolgerung) See Consequence Cause Condon Basing, der Kanon) , ‘eval of some other event (hypathes. May accur eter ‘Festive or nthe general vbjunetve leg Wenn er Kmmt ohe ch ‘ni ihm. Wenn er Kime, warde Ich mi thm gehen) de Bougung des Verb dle Konjugation) “The infection change af ver forms to indieste person, umber, tenses and mood, in agreement with the subject fe faba Conjunction (ss Bindewort. ie Konjunion) Anvoniniected prof speech whic fils a connective function feuween words, phraner and clauses. There are Coordinating and Subordnatin cfuncions which German euitin erent werd oer Connecting Link (da Verbindungstind ‘R'conjunction, relative adverb arrest pronoun which forms the front imi for the sentence td of a dependent cause and vlare 0 the'preceding or flloming main clause Connotation die Konnotation, die Nebenbedeutung, de asociaive Eedecunp “he tess, emions,asociations, oF implications conaected with of Segsested by 3 wd or an expression, contrasted wth ts Denntton Allele ntensionl Meaning. magn! xensional Meaning enue Frg ‘Consonant er kia der Konsonan) Aton poe yn cain she vocal pasags rive top de ees opposed to 4 Vowel Contact Unt ie Assgsiletung) ‘Sentence nit inthe font eld which establishes the overall content ‘rennet a statement wh he previous uterance, fg Bana wurde Contraction ie Zunammenzishung) “A'wotd formed with pars of two ther wards usually «preposion| ‘US the ending ofa arti eg ans Rom ec) Coordinating Conjunction (die nebenordnende, shechordnende, ‘Beordnendes or koordinierende Konno, ‘A conjunction which combines wo ventence uno the same rank or Baal clases of equl satus the, man cause wih main lac, Alependent cause with cependent cause] The most important coor. inating conjunctions are undy oder, aber sondern, 27d den, ‘Copulative Verb SeeLinking verb Dash der Gedankenntrichy A puciion ah) wed rma 0 inde «pu (og ‘Augen=rechis an incomplete thought (Ja reich", 4 change of speakers Ina islogue eg Saat dy ncherto a ‘atoric or an laserton (em Er lat und das Goran ae ‘ict vergesen war alerdings ahderet Melnungh Dative er Wer der Fal der Dats 4 tera st vm fo ronan nd th mae, ‘ued aan object of cera verbn agjectven or propsitons Oren Sates the person tomch wim the scons dneced, te soa invect Otject tea Eset mir sin Boch ative OF Interest (er Dat des interes, Oa de Bteiung Tndlates's peston concerned with the action without being in ‘mediselyinyoived ine fone ce Ton. Cnuly replaces te Dreposon “for” (eg. Br elect de Tor rsh Dative Of Possession (der Dati des Zubehirs) Indicates the person to whom an objet (aualy part ofthe body) Sela ee i Sone hen inn Cen. nee see ronoun ef ich wae Hide) ia place ofs powesive ac: Tre imelne Hand) Pic olaposessveadh Dative Of Reference (rhicher Ostv) Indicates person to whom the action hat some kindof elevance eg om mie nr ght spat nach Hause! Das war in Korth Dative Of separation (der Ds der Trenoung) Indicates the person fom whom an abject ha ben taken (e.g Man hat imi sll mein Geld gestchie ?Declarative Sentence ier Anageits) *Singuste stement which descibes# stuavon, Cf nterrogative and Imperative. Declension sie Beugung der Nomins, de Dgkination) The mndications of guns, pronouns and ther attributes vied tin Grete number gender andere (ep es Manned. Detective Verb ’A verb ih doesnot poses lenses o¢conjugationa forms, such "sEnlh mast past tense hao, ature il have fo) German may UnlMe ther Engish counterpart are not detective Definite Artic inner Ai ‘masculine, neviel, and feminine gender, singular 3 four cases et ds, dle an inecsiona frm) lua and all. Demonstrative Adve ihinwelendes Unstandsson, dis Demons ‘An adverb of location thle, day dor used to indicate or paint to pe ‘robs Oten cased tk preostons ca damit Seo Demonstrative Atibute (ds Demonsatvnnbu, de hinweende ‘limiting adjective sucha leer vied onda a point to a certain Demonstrative Pronoun (dss Demonaingronamen, da hinwe “Reon pointing to a eran person or thing dental in form wth emanate Ariba Denotaton sie Donotation, die [Grund bedeuting) “he exlch meaning ots word a expresion cantanted wth ts Con fotation. Aso called Extemional Meaning. st agains Intenso earing. Dependent Clause ‘de ebensate) ‘elas which sbordnated oa main clause without which it does fot constute a fllsentence: Geran ditereiates betmcen 9 se Uihichrepucesaventence Unit cede, eg trbegrutte un eudis 1 wir ankamen) and one which modtite or feplsces part of 8 fenvencg unt acral eg” Dat Hous In dem wie wohnen, ep | ‘ier slfan svat) AllGerman dependent caver testo by or trav and require tanspoued mond cer Detivation ise abletuna. die Derivation) ‘Amaalfication of the form ots wordt produce achange in meaning pecily into 2 diferent pat of speach te. bindenter Band Descriptive Adjective echreiendes sels) ‘Anaiecrce Stony s cern ay or hacer ofa oun or pronoun in conrtso atl Ajecine esc ade lective may ocue with ifectional ending eg, Der Mann st ato th ether a piary Len alee Mann) or recordar ending ere Mon Diminutve (a Dimnuts [Demis die Verkleinerunesform) A word (sual desved by means of the sutinee “chen nd lla) Snoring smaness (eg. elm Maureen ov Indesting tenderness ot Secton Wlbchen).Somatimes ered with pelorave connotation (eg ein schneider. Dipthong der Doppelaut, der Zila) ‘combination of two vowel wounds In German all aus Meu oh ‘he combination fe nots aipthong bur an ahernatespelng fr Tong’? sound; excep in words ke Fai Direct Discourse (aie cvehre Rede witlehe Rede) Alaterent made to another pron epaed verbatim and ‘sing in quotation mans Direct Object cree: Ob The noun or pronoin which knmiaely receives the ation. Usually anvactusve object (#7 zl um sein Haus Also ced Pray Object Directlonal ndleator ie Rchtungsangabe) ‘verbs ike her an hin nd she compounds which indict the Double Accuative se? Donpelshsusat) "he use oft acesative abject forthe same ver, usually one Ine leatng 3 person, he ther thing or concept fe Bat wid ich dew Kop foscn Doble nner Dopp der stint) form ofthe past participle, together with the infinsiveal the aver Imeampound tenses eich he nich kommen kSnnen). Ako called Subsete Infinite lipase Eps. de Austr ‘The emission of certain elements within a satement which ae cone fidesed tobe undentood og ich Thnenelnen Guten Monen!s Wien element ae dlteatelyomted suchas 2 quot tion three periods we ued (eg Habe’nun, ach, Philosophie» ‘lorchaus srs mt heifers Bern) Sack punctuation marks a ‘led Auilsungspunite raphatle Form Sttin ucny applied io the Engh eof he aul