PAMELA DUKECONTENTS Preface vil 28, Primary hypercoagulable states 65 Acknowledgments ix 29, Thrombocytopenia 167 General Maps 1 Hematopoietic Disorders 69 1, Complement cascade 3 30, Alpha thalassemia 2. Coagulation cascade we eveee coud 31. Beta thalassemia 3. Cell-mediated immunity a7 32. Anemia of chronic disease 4. Humoral immunity, . . om) 33. Iron deficiency anemia 5. Acute inflammation dL 34. Vitamin B12 deficiency 6. Chronic inflammation ......2..+-seesee0 1335, Hemochromatosis 7. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 36. Myeloid lymphomas and leukemias - 8. Hemostasis 37. Lymphoid lymphomas and leukemias vascular Disorders 19 testinal Disorders 87 9. Congestive heart failure vee 38. Gastroesophageal reflux disease oe BD 10, Right-sided heart fatlure 23 39. Ulcerative colitis 91 11, Left-sided heart failure 25 40, Crohn's disease . 93 12. Valvular stenosis 27 AL, Pancreatitis 02... sseeere ve 95 13, Valvular regurgitation 29 42. Cholelithiasis 97 14. Myocardial ischemia and infarction 31 15. Atherosclerosis v.33 Liver Disorders 99 16. Cor pulmonale 235 43. Cirrhosis 101 a 44. Hepatitis B 103 Pulmonary Disorders Ts epntisC 105 17. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 46. Alcoholic hepatitis 107 18, Asthma 19, Deep ven thrombosis and pulmonary embolism ....43 Renal Disorders 109 20. Acute respiratory distress syndrome .. oo on ee 48, Acute renal failure 3 ar 49. Chronic renal fallure.......- a0 Genetic Disorders - 50, Glomerulonephritis/nephritic 7 22, Siekle cell anemia S151. Nephrotic syndrome 19 23, Cystic Mbrosis ......-. 5352. Nephrolithiasis 21 24. Gout 55 Fluid and Electrolyte 123 Hemostasis Disorders 57 OS 53. Hyponatremia . 125 25, Hemophilias A&B. 54. Hypernatremia 127 26. Disseminated intravascular coagulation 55. Hypokalemi: 129 27. Platelet disorders 56. Hyperkalem 131@® oovrinss 57. Metabolic acidosis ........4. . 133 58. Anion gap vs non-anion gap metabolic 135 59. Metabolic alkalosis .. 137 60. Respiratory acidosis. incor 1S) 61. Respiratory alkalosis . add Immune Mediated Disorders 143 62. Hypersensitivity reaction type 1 63. Hypersensitivity reaction type 64. Hypersensitivity reaction type 3 . 65. Hypersensitivity reaction type 4 66, Humoral immunodeficiencies 67. Cellular immunodeficiencies 68. Sarcoidosis 69. Systemic lupus erythematosus 161 70, Human immunodeficiency virus 163 71, Endocardit 165 73, 4, Meningitis... corer roma alee Urinary tract infection ........eseceeeee 169) Sepsis syndromes a71 5. ‘Tuberculosis 173 Endocrine Disorders 175 76, Diabetes mellitus type 1 verano 77 sbetes mellitus type 2 179 78. Hyperthyroidism SS 181 79. Hypothyroidism . 183 80. Hypercalcemia 185 81, Hypocaleemia ........... 187 82. Hyperparathyroidism . 83. Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) . S84, Cushing's disease and syndrome 85. Diabetes insipidus 86. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion Rheumatologic and Bone Disorders 87. Rheumatold arthriti 88. Osteoarthritis 89. Osteoporosis : 90. Osteomalacia and rickets ...... Disorders 91. Absheimer’s disease 92. Parkinson’s disease 93. Huntington's disease 94. Myasthenia gravis 95. Multiple sclerosis 96. Seizures and epilepsy 97. Intracranial hemorrhage 98, Ischemic stroke Female Reproductive System Disorders 99, Amenorrhea 100. Menopause : 101. Polycystic ovary syndrome 102. Preeclampsia/eclampsia Appendix A: Normal Blood (B), Plasma (P), or Serum (S) Values 237 References 241 Index 253 191 193 195 197 199 201 203 207 209 211 213 215 27 219 221 223 225compuement cascane > ates ioadsbody | complement cascade Sctrondaspatatte ne estes nari ‘pager nan by terol ten ‘ise psbogensceciy cascade conpose of seumeselenet ese edad testes | — | oe ‘ ‘oi of asp oar hatin hap oS = Eman apes — T T tao pe pont _ conpenrtpen cig ‘mannan nding web 5) Seren ae a Seema e ann ecocincea tam a cotenanes vest | mace oo — (Wal associated serine protease (MASP) Seren ™ ptaynse.sise cnt ci snserd nee Tacit me oi — ‘ =o | Ce a am gin tio einen aw = & = atin —— | (Cabs factor 8 Cb and Cb jin to frm: nites Bom. chemo | 1 caer cunchoce vcenetinbero rm oa Seas _ ieee anaphylatoxin ‘Cb bees se produces many molecules of s {aoamer antes ne conelenrtescate — atts fans cass bats tom : one costs patagn reece et uaa ees ns a cx win _— wie oie se (S) —~ binds 05 —~ CRE nds CF —> CRE nds — CHLTE nds 8 Toler CSc8 tofemeses? 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anes renew spon secovoy oan amie meee eg ars cay 4 clr pet non oan ts ages ars anases antorseheetinmre oe Hila” ——— Sehmastogecte HOV oroyprs Speers | “recatrtct eur steseeseseste ane oarsmen soir (ins-2h yar) PSD { tortor epee mane oe hepate etapa instars nts + ' stony sssodated with Tox detoybnt cx rah —~ deena ines phates Steal aon” “yogis, Soranderepangs” eben pence tte atone Inmnecarpions “armor ca fete BEO Es seats (coxa me) “ ‘en cae “town tects pont oyeser fous rer ages ‘Sheng eee apts econ ‘ast = map “tle th eyes cts Scored ‘abe cs ios a saa tg vox re) aacconotic HerariTis D> sear essen dase contr wn abel shape ‘ons “surton acetle erty meats “ ee “ te yO IN. we. afta nes ‘oxidative sess _— WOK — sc syne a ttsamain i= a wis au | ta Jackel fermion ‘amacive gluconeogenesis Bin a — | was forms acts with kere: peer ea = omiymreent oS | cr fa os seater macs wth capes pon Petey Pd roccay_ Siti oman a Sy Patan as ramus Sioa nares wae groans SO ets : sedge” selec promotes era, ‘ive damage and } Sacha peso Sie <2 con t oir aa ‘auras 7 |, scum — “Sen ———- ie ee sean “een ae steltate cells +Gor ™ spent mints a posts meron regeneration sc oo etd ‘et “arcinonsavecnrension QD ania ml wpe pro ein sco: setae ——* Stare a = = ay in Sas Lanse vets po ‘naporoprate activation of oN “regpropnate activation of sreaenergn Sean cheat sss ‘in ede | nics: mda: serge icy tana ‘Fomomace ‘Settg Saet sce Sen Sean “Soe E Satan “sno ot) yobs -aytne se “rine teomuaip ys se —+ at etm gy oe etal atts —~ va hemor pertenson orlosecaberstonas ‘edn mycerl narctn ops ‘sitrgaemotce cea rele ee ~ 9 sett rmalgnant hypertension oa verted hyperzophy (eastern 038th cand raat ects 0 omarar hast pesue even al are ep) leaangtoghnerr pottaton ——~ hotasdoiscure RENAL FAILURE QED eno oan buy nese sores sunt suns pai t sos pagan esimen, fs ps0 420 -— gpm moyen —_ eos ‘umprumge = IYsettee “anlar Kreydsese ‘harap * esos ier of aca ihr ‘nebtele porns ct ton otese <— beng ansaog 9 —— nariongap fometannonin (seomap) conto en 3p tbl aces [owe crs nary ‘sirverni lesan | a vecoaten rearing eprons hater ain roma rotten \ Indl svg rahe so chronic Renal oie ED ‘ong rd rsa sper ‘ypu rephee + gone capt hytane poss (gems captoy type) ‘gor hypepatisin } long pete asymonate comperstcn mee 7 ‘grey tr Keson \ tomeroscelreas } loss eons ration neal resin pais 3 Ketan (seem) _= 7 weve Net ane 4 votre ast ongertve heart soe mp) Iypetarson (se ma) + scare Rhea 60 mp) —* campesinos SBheponbee | oor | nasa renal Sease= auNenter 2 ae agere oni = = a — a peacetenyth “tie es ES Sena =F = ia = ee bas ao seeped tet val abnormal hemostasis leeds lo ts | a ws =, eae = — =a or = 2 hates et a one rea ostotsvonny Sate, otGLOMERULONEPHaITSiNeouRITC SHNONOME QED antoinit i L\ ae rations stepmania Sy neocon See eae Stree Soames “apa ra" ae coe cot a zest “seer aes [Pre ser] [ny dora ural sen an cahodates ene eS aye recion Ne arises ck caing oicaringy Serer Fort tribcparien slogan beige inmuwcargex salmon, ‘ith generis Saas wie | ‘nena sexe itarnton —~ enleste 13 (seem) ‘ines snus natin also leona RBC apd RBC cae symptotic nie Soe \ Sere “ater oesing intone Smet “i mate sons icmeteey Snes ae cars mat coat a cesop ote Tage hme feticent “ose oa Pn so-bArmaty aeoee ‘=e i “poy in ca enveie seroma ee Soncae mn | Scar trie yay erly: “Tipe r-S eas = Garces ene “Woe 2 nmin) poston SLE (oma) ‘Type 5 gous mane = Wear granteesnerhnoric SiNoROME ED (sue | opm ‘essa Aayeoosns 4 a ‘Sivouy sero Pe (eos) POPS anon oe speed pete an san fees © vaumdn pune sexpooe. ra ean ‘awcon uo roves steno pu Sooo sso ue Autos, ‘weratew nausea au cep np areas sine -——_ (uaa eo) stop sb eare poten rate ter onsaton xcenatet ‘sisi sity by ripe ‘soe note bias (6 pepe) +2 ang eo te) ea ‘alc bien ae igs Wie torupratatonssancnt__ emaastbie veruatyuine—_physechnisry a 121) ryt nase gn ‘Sats eect fteainayy —> sahalbes ——+ races "ere enon — or eet uted wth ‘wgurhy —spperimtot unaaboandoce upapada cy at stpetmes manning clnacetom= heey aun 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Seguin tr coin armosionragoesoy ead Satna soma alae ‘orp see ‘son sees | amt ‘wes septa ([Eenanana] | aa (NTT) caatty | [ieee] sno tt casedby ore Sarees safari atc sary” ume, oer Pa ne see ig mre ‘eta ‘nor Ceporancang gen) Spmiecans Een a “bia “jen nnn we pas teagh ‘rere oraone cen foo rayon whoa esa dase needs tans | | casa ‘paws onia —Sagiem aa ‘eden a els uufor cr sen: ies Climatsing “son yan ‘ Shyness“ tonats case oe Sn ios * Sse) ‘gre “leery “tyne fe) “ary ors “ay pense sr) “Soper ‘iyo hah ci detwvrowaraeia ED io enue soasacn cqastieoy. “Dioae Ses vos ae Siecieg ges saga uunpos ung sane ‘puesruodia 0394 + Moped — _jonepundion Fens yoy ung Sevetieaes t Sarin apt : = Senegal 0 oat 1098 snaco, mo, Ua ssemnnes + pec ee aliens comnts none seo few ect 2 Serene, “oats am a ee ad sonmde isang souo- \ tueqouedy j eel Tai = ed N gi orb ansemcecpe i Bice cnr aN ; a tat sean wrensceui EDwerayoule sei00ss ED ‘toa ees aot xan a ‘owns nd car fi (Hang cnt 2 yer wanint gs sone Sratiins Evan bbe rates. al i - sys tpn gr ment COWS we ycirntemigt “atersem” aden te Toncitocare ‘tears’ etgmaers par anya gomenuhs hese cose epee ne tounge: + Weor-—-H00-—~ co, +o Setar nosey hres orca 2p ratte ats ade on presecr rab! anion 6 4 ‘S80 anon gp vs nnaion gp metab sees map ots pps responses by Paty ‘ran atengto rem ego ‘scem ovoma posable Shorter response cut cela HOO, awossoxassht HCO, owe okagr CO; town Beitng” —" actosresC0,—* andsanetasts —* otha Cojaato 1 tepatony (mats ‘2 nintoveicon cenpenenbon ” ata r (ei) fare ease He aut Senorezprs 00,80" neeeioe err ts peas compen sudbo bp ‘ez efotonrg bre tse Sonera mpc 900, Seal HOOy) +8 ty ove ‘eg pose aos 986y kes butters tal,” | ~N Ion testa, rovamiedeeébase | etetsrton rte some aad ayes clnewANION GAP VS NON-ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIOOSIS EDD este tlre reves gn coca tH Imencehr sca acs (F*ck by 3 ystems a tafias on de forcsina anc ine tese! “atte teens Invacser aes = lines" | 7 isteoyot —_—reaoptone HOO, _extetenctade ARH HCOE AN as COz by convetingh ste penn and annerian (WH) qainsitsed “jomiiCOywecanone tutte orsriomaenew eames 4,05, ‘inhiee ‘ores woo; ‘ese anos ar opeeteg non otin Wo + Meor—-Heo——- 00, + HO | | | by 9 aiteas ac. 0 beabonate aetonyhioy ‘eto hore Sapedaaercrasqasten ———Mereear lac w= ohaweal _ 2 pert is vendor ven sao \ oo ‘high anion gap coeaiiey nom ae “cole Z| convertase ar wien sitebeire sa ‘arts mtn “Sic ee, | | ‘rena fale ‘Soca pate as “omearem oy gaaeruny eileen Soong TST Senne ieg fe = net teh wooo | 5 iat en 4 7 “anions and cations cre teabo remit ; AG = (hat = (6) + HoO:) + for ac main cena te sve — vests Tans le Te pete credsebsee rerkesacund Sone tt ‘ecco anlnactsr iss When ‘ates inte nerasouc ALKALOSIS: EBD cence Taste fae “| arcs. 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(oietet ae —— wee ‘nfermation resulting sin | ‘neonst = ———__, malar rash walang cates Meese’ AA Speannce | eran A ee eee “Spmmetaine SIE sve Siwy anni \ ane = idea far is S types recep anbcrondet i medearenncase (ee oepe nan) ‘ioamnse tacacuya srosgir= ‘inreased PTT ‘Ines. Sara mma 5 fa pte negra 4 sheep npie hp neneaa.s eens {sc ep stom me)Huan imauedetieney Vu HN) tere ct bo Nas Yaga acietans "esa otis ves host me eugh Sra el een hone > afr peels caeapa nay etecion T 04 etter toeson arcs ‘roy “Tha epee ees CO4 cao) HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY viRus QE {SERS chemokine eeprom macophanes re (ohtencoeT ate etn yeaa amaing ranch oo rome ne a sect preset arigerstoCD8 Tesi yeh lteter cxus 8 revere trnscrtae = eos ius irs ‘eousion=| ee remiaiero| “a scat or inary TESA anboaee | nena deans { canpeson nih he con action cots seal em eet ‘symp: “rdhumorlams temas ——*_creetuence CD cals vis mutes ugh couse vith NesegleCO4memery Tes proeaion ass wih sian CDs ean Uiateion see “eigen so ‘yang ‘Tet populere “Stoneware raya steve etn ee Ihe pseonin tin oves ramih carafe maton strsemte a aa [ear Feat tren ‘sen neces cane (eats infecen pest = ‘hei feson veinaeatopayle 7 5 .CD4 cl pptaton 4 ‘nme fineoncortmues ‘beeconponied va ‘Aeguked mun Detiency Sone (ADS) = CDM caus <2 orth pesca fone ore ABS ting anaes [et er ‘ciclo mp crear ‘cards olor shea oro ‘coratao eer “sree escent ‘oration dsr o aapdmanty ‘coptecszes ecrapurerey ‘eaplepotiss draiciasea ‘napus aa (winds oe) ‘rapes spc we sera pean, ‘Sronerurzetnoi ae ‘fies, santa exapenary *Hivencepaeaaty “HW wastra yae ‘Inmunoareeon vrs ie) oss soca pmo a osunais ae pmoray yng yeas "yuma Bus "yma, eres to, main ran ayesbcrar avon ot Kesh, suerte onary tees, senna exraasinonay “AL teees pana ‘yet sn, oe *pmumonpisote penne ‘rogese rut lelaenaphscpty sina sper cre sepasnaes fbnsco: “schratea dtase (cron aqua) ‘nveou gs (NOU) “ost oee rears see -——— ‘ate ater others vale sce tannas vi Gangesr noes custo Inogins and gukes ‘redhaumts bend (comin tou} 1 Plt anc trent postin ee | stan (a rag ote i tec et ction ocr mamtones veqeun cons Sin ‘eriecen a toa (ly asen) —~ “ra eects | a se te Shona aus nt conn) —— ‘Stopes sang, oi, sans mis —| Eaves ACEC apis (ener fre Enoocaroiis E> ese nas repost o> 80% ot ‘cence voto reise (ardtacenum Eloreta, Kgl) subas pllets and + fone ceases torepests gs and seams: "oe estan) his ‘acer prtca ané slo nati ‘lest wth yoneg ton ‘rouse ries senages mages eatin cn over ‘Batloetecten fecton eto ‘ts ah ace tetinmine Clria manent —~ har aesluar —» deed oo po — Inmaa congestion canta Inectveenocais — inmnerepeses —— dssonne | (comps | srs ‘rot casters ot eno: ‘mine cpl ees “ate ele recone ‘ett ae ions este em WOU “saints era crdae Saree ra cessor Se tearing murmur “heats ‘rete “root ae cards | Jr esos cement race > ann isngs —> “Ro ao cate risen actewmia = “Overs mes + sentins snus mp) ‘eft ics adc pulanay ent 7 (roca uh NOU) sec enat OSS etdesinete entreaties oer, toean ey gsronzetna Ya amesct cle tect ae spilt ang: ‘nena bn aos * pecs ete pe icons tect ace bint ookemom | *yostie gam sia plo eel cls mach CSF “telecon estas ‘ugar been rl ally as | yf aa fl aap its venir itis et glnastre cape pes aca + fam tet deters cans ele *eutoe apps ‘asic corpora cascade (o8 map) ect mang una ptr chon ta muy uid cs at Seaute CS bet aticha —————* PAN sano redler usa ceroottan ‘Ht cenanazon + String presure srazmoe a Slee ‘eae ce : ca ers lets tren, } informa ees troctenleenrecas pe aita ' uy ci i 2 athesin and meyaton onto cals ciinopae open inCS “CSF oor 1 "2 OSF prin renege iran ott Sgaton = tet beac dented 1 pemscly otiti of tay che poder toner EEnosads mete ogden, Norpwennie 8) ] | | | mrp eats aut ' ‘alas vase ada iets ssc inant cases eu Sr vere | =e ‘tissu ay J tre asc sigs andsygons ane Srna sue ceny ‘| za _ inal este ees i cence a xan ! siete edgnnlgeSTente — Ses gone hes ening Sipaleate tages “aed ell oscourest a (aha con) ‘tsps haste cna aed pony eat nts “oer ag seen “acl ty “propo “ecto pete ‘Saws Canes ef rac rap “ie syns spo "protec elon) erro ype) t com ante tents heninninany react ineection EBD roster act efector (UT) te ascents eg ‘hte tinned era t mares ‘ocemeloeayby wre etn sae nosocomial aque Us cexnmunty aque UT ans ‘Era nce). ‘Pres reblis ‘coaglan rete sephyoord “eter rm gin 2 “eter garpestns (epi S aes E tcl ‘ets, Evataca, Sorat, Paewtoores esse eeemneereseeeese| tec aaindup te rary actu eo Pern pds cas | | mechanical atic inet vies at: nbs ee tae ca ahora ae a \ “au pe pe , “rene drape it tenn sree we er arog Erez ern oP wen fon artes nro. soon eh i ci acs wi nt ao ch Bae ‘Sete coreve sen aca frond eatin acta cue means owen aug neat onary tation Sun Same 4 Seta _ssertesan acts: rari t act ot ae °° “RAETIE a ct snes negate —» Dereon © \ omen yelonepheas — ‘soca wosepis NZ ylnepels eee Tas esiountrlrfr oben apaee Inmncsupresho se | let inal sata can reo | ‘syste itary ‘espensesyarone (RS) ‘ele 20 St “ensie= SS sion ea a peo sepiasoated wh som ope ayer | canpoges bara ep shock= seston sis ihn ean tera od presuredoat ado ‘eaeaaten anpgas tren racy spi shook» sary onan es Bose asap sees ery ‘atone uaresztaten t canpoges tetera \Gusrinted terse exaplton ‘seem sepsis syuonomes QD js rs | + soos ‘pean of oto ogo Sp peacee pegs "emer mera megs 4 vse Speman pov eas hot rts ‘opourtsue sehen —* ev fam Gl ot Getioute shock andtoracrye ‘ns sean pan cinco in el tert ‘yal sure “Cs teen att, ct, lot sxc eps hear ay parma state = Fi eric ov owas vas rec, verter tn ow eee aon lungs: ypananen essay aos, ype, acd espay tes syd oe map) Ghia Ivar rest anden, semestinan ‘Sento aa hsp, ‘entesornoraoass 1 Fidos zt og psn, canpoges rhein rutile egen ysuntion syndrome (wos) rene encocrin te pty foaenruaencviosis tun ovsod aay a sry mous gL coq uma aout ssuopim Buses OPS [Weta nemo ue smaane ue r as Amos eum ye ssteudocou fern fapasst es I rod roves = yer (a meeqieypoe open a ate rece. jee. wounciogrisunn see nae pesaseay ensode iy ap ssameon| ‘wu seg pa eat “umanenpuseres meuniere ED stooge: ‘pete evans aes) + srrce aac “enn presostor ‘Borat eles = a ‘ure ‘iene reapers swspnce pee) (9) Beal costars oot } 2 dh _.. carpet tore oe ‘luoose nto cabs Ieprromis = pn iy sa = etn mae i ‘Sonesta expe cy Fortean vowed gutta ev a — “sae chim” “ppg chyast tenis at 2 ake: a a eae | | va “ten see eric ag seimgre Seman = ' = sche ame | fates, Bomm! omiey mses —> 2 ‘cam edo rs (_________“ ‘Sheweoein iets sing eam Magen | igh serum toes vedi | tae eats —~ 90. * | The — NX sein oe 7 typovolemis detyration 4 | ype ssetes i onte ve ometekeneg sitcom eed | peinviaweres wewiirus Te? QD ute consti aos isgctorem ng ansle ‘neste ahronn cade: ‘atau ign) Sb “tli a cana | ioe dapat sues mara poo mines vi — fs eee cS ! ao hese beans itn mmatecse erty thes lcten Peacelscoreensny —~ meat ara — Sa Sa | i a ne nll rt aE Shai eas fo downregulation ‘insulin ‘onset 330 mg. \ exer we see ere = og = rset determines sing goose» 126 mpi. NONE — rea ergo bea HoATe complains ot cobetes:| | a insidious ae 7 ws micovascular ‘macrovascular —— F ees an... —F “rmicaneunems t | = onl = le = an) sm i va Ss | a = oo ae oo ae | Ble ae os aa ‘pogbrsvsaroaseines EDD (tage) suoponts ‘arzaid. soungeoe. ican ance i a ene 5 : mies sane ee pipet — Heo oop == aS oa “opus stu a gL b> Snipe ‘sews: popes, (x Sea sme | nipeth — yeu opty input Sumer Fo cea ie | ee ssee passe) — gut memuyunep "1 SSE peso neivecncarcenn ED woe: sae ont sm ; = ee : we etude | rae =a waning eee eae soos ee i. segsimen Somes same | Sea som. _suogesapuets eK ewer aes -ouyte Ayewwouge = ~~ eat a rr) era ae eer awirocaiceun ED _ [Renna] bee eee revo pace. eel 29 woptinon: a as ora. sexed. vip: usted reaspo lis spessns. + _ ve sH- . oe usessonton etal ‘ets —— ‘nunoeath # suoauls pe sbHypeRParaTvaoioism > — ewan om sow “ates ket oe pnd nos _suoudscus gaeuen t Panny wa: _ mae en dee rm SaSraect, am ont ESS, eenpiamll ae ‘ -seydemyd pur wr enna, mente onguaoae i _ ure ot bora ture my Bas fp Socata rere a } weraADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY (aDoIsoN's O(SEASE) EDD (wap) sams etal. st 2 ars ant “nomenon t EE mo mcnpry nee sl sonnet ‘sasnan us p uogmuewysadsy t ‘rhe se oceabe vst — ‘96n uuedouusquen 10 apv06p UoseynBcd a t ‘ccaniwnampzeraue) serena pov -) Tete ——seompxae = suns =~ yugy 3 ssempoy on Fs sme NO] wee my nneear soon veel — —— ae jiedemrsnsi: ‘dew sav {fevee) eumosst on cence rr une Sen mnie “oo oor. exmnt samareonucrs: a6 = useayeousy- " “eur + calent siamo ry toc: sui a 0 ean useing — teysamopm ns sean. or: pana niove ones furan mut ee as ‘ren ed “hea peommesn® t | nun este now (dew aes) ssc + ceompeso etna ne. ‘amonenna: sme pee a ay wa err (ours) ampemensand: —— "Rae cine eoemes one woosiens en ee ‘voeuesend OM sem pe eget brgtode Kye + —. uote SuEUReNS + snot 8 os. wow SHE ep oerwdan | corps nna seyret ise asaya ge emuly eoCOSHING'S DISEASE ANG SNDROME EDD gy 9795 ‘ens OY seracep ptpod so 2 ease au sep foots osegauerop espa, anlar ‘asap, oils sang oorpaon -—"Sumsytmudi, oars sons 0 ns yo 5 es jose am mou ye 9iaseres sirius ED seep aun. \amomion sigegag van cd ‘a8 eu unoyptty. (eu ses) ewngeuot- (coum erce ee ee panei comes | san fur cs sade oe —SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIOIURETIC WoRMOE SECRETION ED nap Gaps za ssa en raed og ‘oreo pee Aor HOY vg pr pu vere I snuggly 2g u pons yoy | Lenviussceneuute® —— sanseouoy (Ha) aeowox gain — Syn ease a paposte ooaNEUMAToIO ARTHRITIS DD sre ss oun aucun oses AAPOR! (agin. | yogsscme ———- oed\eu al ease ‘sab. amaeamege 08 Senge wet +909 se wu 409 sa eee Bos Ayre. mca racers fez ait ‘ape wntasreoanriniis 2a anger ct ruler ennge “ed a ote roeogheans = calagn= prods cage ah thos prone cae wih te ‘erst dana fem hgh Sng eit ‘eat soar rs to toate tee components snk vo 2meoanal unre tele seals ener idsovt one archer cofnetttns srcchy cea tat fi ry ove bene cece 8 \ \ stents (A) = role re ous whl cf carlage ate "ema eeepc O& (nest commen) = vate om ‘tions, mao or aunesasd topes oe oaeseone van | — extiys aetna ‘aiarebocnases MP) saad sce y fle scessetmtson ee, | (eyoasen sche ee Soon eestins “enorme TP) ; veers “plsntogen eens A \ Se Sg carlagemetabton ‘sofat carta cautlen> anlage anges ese cess mos obs ‘nite ear ont | eatin ny riches fata erty Sway easy eons totes tut _. gegopertmingot shpat on = wc Soporte Compre ener (8) cea pare 088 ey tants bshalrg io teste se reir ‘robes ‘so vtec “net esp nie “none ses ats <0 sees Siroora SSreqeotnoion sen eno” oepe ‘yen | ince ns ct: ‘ad Iasi betes ads, PP she Bouchard node, "suru ast “pe ris show ates ony pis tnector ea att erate or bel bre dansty sseyorgpes osteororosis ED — Er = | caanen a es | _| eee ee Sea en rertoe ets Som metetan ose at sr moni) beclar tat careuiy sted en earner bane Isnaweaton se casingirorible eating eon ssyrotomati tt rows tore ass —= fant ees vaa Dekkesn asa 25 otk gy aces "ve cagreaion ace fost comer ‘at asf) emcee Lee es oe = ene eee Sorat -eaiteaton nie aco nah: ‘neers Femepenty aes [oy scene -hraser ‘ens ctr meapaseosreomatacta ano wicKers vivuataon eshytetleto ' q aie ~ she cr sore ih eta ‘dacs marion | on Sree eno | Me 7 sara wo “Farner -onneeenee OM i “ioc by sine a ‘eee refer | meet rug serene eo ci i we 3 smn, “lth | i nt, ek E sr 00 seam pen i eta t i | hetero EST tamoowtn ceo et me Slate teetey ur miata. Signa Ermita a e 2 pean shee a Ma cise tit . tynophoaphatenta hereditary veamin O ee ren Street es oe om, tection “sue npc ee “at seme yam yan guile ese a Sen Segue Sonnac oiaoe ZEN “Tonga ney "con — 14 ae tow Sideaias ‘excess uneineraliand ypocaloenia osm anna cas eps Cageenees ——e sxe feral gy = race process ranges __ melanstone connsain= rat ‘moans | mong — pe ‘wees "uso ‘Secor ‘pares eas > 40 Semana chee rguarine > hop frpet = ‘lost of eee eee =a Seana ret \ vedew Sete __ team ee verwteng SiGe, _ ero ot. at pon oe ‘poyghutamne racis and bing ubigatin ‘neuronal cal death “we apoptosis associated wit: | a = ee = sees ie ios i se Hers ile es eee ees aap sl oe | rete eee ae =—ee Seo 5 seo, cee ee ae ce ieee ieee t pion aa ine lbs pais IGP) “Tn oe ee inher ras rote worenmis= } = ccna ager Seren ee = [eee eee eee “en —aneeeee secs setae, eee = poe “depression we 7 = =.iwvasrienia cnavis QD berentranet enero) a erin ee si wm torme: SN. gusampins | Saya vod vorsantie SuveU, « ‘oeussand ROD moins // amas mpi eee eee = — eet n/t mem i ws “Sr ee i sds ioy suo, swtonnempat arae arenes uments —— ema cel romet I — oncniatagewuiriece seuenosis D>Sei2unes A ice DD 7 wosegstod pmeaue6- siege potos es eomet sen ae naan pata meet eS gpm anaes Cee scene Scars = saps igs | oun ‘seis 00% t sony Soares enon acts cea fot ota sence su zonsfomg ae “Howonputealg ssumtntde —— re sega ar saat ae solo _ sep panera eases = roms Dw ‘ous ‘ce Somer sone ens nr) oi anus asa ‘anette ‘po vena os) Tracing yom OT SAT py vp losrtanismm o ern eu pad ran YevO 2+ lossusceeine ws ‘ueanoune nay p00, t ure se es repo son smeuie sunt nope senaes so ames pores sussapeu aruete) [faeces INTRACRANIAL HeWORRHAGE EBD kaa nc “tronic hypertension oe map) “asunrmatemtone Sean gro Fle an ogy on eos ‘eantral amy angsty . — et ‘ani or oe Le | rupture of commonty caused By — Marcas —> Ecce ceitng = et | See whiter a tes eam twexpend rapidly space bneen temas ceset Seal cbonial Soa = | a | ‘separates drs —* g contaioed witin wen freon” oun tne! aca ‘oworic ett Su 0 ok (posymptors) | aoa Sin wpe teers — pencrontnsl ‘Senet Fr aes = a one gina wean Stree con \ wemind wontnncn von = i a xo Spe goer = eae ey i ot a oo aoe an eae er = | i | we rs ce mie i, So oe whe Satie > = a wey capi (econ)iscuewic srnoKe ED mae rast ‘scien sche» ombote nt a — _carciogenic embolus | wal, Sate eco davom ta, “rsh = ost — Moke ateescwes ning) “maton A | = crease \_ toe oti | areal ‘thrombotic — leads lo thrombosis = = " oct Senta cone scnoulaty citi | ie us = gecnot ee oalecee =e ‘cerebral ischemia 4 \ heen nee cI cmatnienoe = ——=sse Ne oy saw nity ‘bas et tL tarecseraed | —_ cae ators ones hoe ‘stew ate =n one ‘amt = me + ve = ‘eae oom onmamece set nde 7 cana on tin ten sisin same {622 map) which _ woe ie tees Sue UE atin —- cnn 1 bor inate” nearer ——" ears cot smariestfors _ SOF iacunar lipohyannosis or gute cates ena otra, echamie__ ccs wi esse ils tckegof ese Saw Me Sistem —— eee “proteases infarction depend upen | ‘hoops ltcunar syndromes: Foch Sto et, hes = i a a sate | ‘before neurons ce 4 posterior circulation eters exh omtenoienicts co, | aot ene [sary seanne a Toei ems so cha \ nse ae iruaslaree Seana atceceveiy “luenay ‘Sackece Swtnaaty “Foose anit inamcnorsies D> avoputssuuuingsys fen mono pu ro seus OIE ese pape ation. (ie so angle stuns» samp sep Learns Gemma mers” erat repease spo econ ers t rss i usposgotlyn ay seqwenge aed nso pasesnevorause DD ron camctyomtinatenl | a ssn leis comes sara esis ws | — wee ‘sy es ctor eet rates mass antares fare ae tye lorestoors | less eave ficken Ingles and | ‘earer pry snustes te neeegstny | | 7 eer gore sopra iris Fstcongres oo Fitamasie compere essing van icion rita tar vray sepeban lesa), ——— “Ble east sesonee roti by res coe nee Hota careae ie ten de cmnes vetuty ense tops atogeter | menopause ad fren 1 yr Z\ menopausal year: psc ranges sono nelly gy ove tn “ottines ‘hares agra ps noraneas Sinengalsetens “nod ges 15 nuagatnn oaltn ‘sleep sberces ‘vere “lee oto sls ale ‘ekloresorenvr Ses “anpeoo (0 ma)Powvcystic ovany syNoRoMe ED 7 na cea free eee om oan, os oars ‘ar coming alas = ae ery eS sentam faeces iat Seal peanut —= prnencone ‘fing one _gerosa cola, ese pogo ‘cholesirc | va esses . sestrome —_| | feces gece signon——elgamenarhaa ———+ anovuaton! = o—ors eee ees — eas aoe ove o's core wi eececs ett, ete = a fal anpchants eee ait \ os oe 6 Hpoproten | —_ niet ro iene oem ca — ee “e . oppose rd cre coger ones 0 ‘srger | a at dors canceorecctauesivecianesis — __. sete ore in cone = ed vei os “soo a pe eee eee es oh ole. ia San a) — me = a a secre seven — | a = ones, smtconet ama ean vupeha noma Me yar tt et sevens shrew signa! — ga ——— 4 | anope to eccesen cmsan “ galyrrmne So —— ee sate Te, | | / systemic rotate > 24s stots sarge an ata i ee } 1 1 ‘ester smi hues shoe moni ae vote —_ 4 t recaineres ——svambocyooenis hoe hover oe Soren a cps | ote 1 cee wy many comegessite (ome) fell ayaa’ aes iat al actaiecs “slow platelet count — toons eclampsia: APPENDIX A Normal blood (B), plasma (P), or serum (S) values ‘System International Fluid Reference Range Reference Range Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) S 820U/L 0.13-0.33 kath, ‘Aldosterone, with normal sodium S Supine: <16 ngidl <444 pmol/L. Intake of 100-200 mEq/day Upright: 4-31 ng/dl. 111-860 pmol/L ‘Arginine vasopressin P 10-133 pg/ml. 1.0-13.3 ng/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Ss 9400 0.15-0.67 kat Bicarbonate, arterial P 22-26 mg/L 22-26 mmol/l Bilirubin, total S__ 0.11.0 mg/d 2-17 moVL Calcium S 8410.2 mg/ab, 2.1-2.6 mmol/L. Carbon dioxide (PCO), arterial B 35-45 mmilg 4.7-6.0 kPa Chloride BS 95-105 meq/L 95-105 mmol/L Cholesterol, recommended <200 mg/dl <5.2 mmol/L Cortisol (0800 h: 5-23 g/dl 138-635 nmol/L. 1600 h: 3-15 g/dL. 2000 h: <50% of 0800 h value 82-413 nmol/L <0.50 of 0800 h value Creatine kinase ‘S Female: 10-70 U/L 0.17-1.17 kat/L Male: 25-90 U/L 0.42-1.50 kat/L Creatinine S 06-12 mg/dL 53-106 mol/l. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D S__ 16-42 pg/ml. 38-101 pmol/L 25-Hiydroxyvitamin D 8-80 ng/ml 20-200 nmol/L. Estradiol BS Female Prepubertal: <20 pg/ml. Premenopausal adult: 23-361 pg/ml. Postmenopausal adult ‘<73 pmol/L. 84-1325 pmol/I. <30 pg/mL, <110 pmol/L Male: <30 pg/ml. <184 pmolil. Ferritin S Male: 15-200 ng/mL. 15-200 giL. Female: 12-150 ng/ml. 12-150 g/L. Follicle-stimulating hormone S Male: 4-25 miU/mt, 425 UL Female: Premenopause: 4~30 mIU/mt. 430 U/L Mideycle peak: 10-90 mlU/ml. 10-90 U/l, Postmenopause: 40-250 mlU/ml. 40-250 U/L. Glucagon, P 50-200 pg/ml. 50-200 ng/L. Glucose ‘S Fasting: 70-110 mg/dl. 3.9-6.1 mmol/l. 2-h postprandial: <140 mg/al, <7.8 mmolll.E@® rin Growth hormone Fluid Reference Range 2.0-6.0 ng/ml System International Reference Range 2.0-6.0 g/L HDI cholesterol, as major risk factor S__<35mgidl. <0.91 mmolil. Insulin 80-29 U/mt (0-208 pmol/l Iron S__ 50-170 g/dL 9-30 mol/l, Lactate dehydrogenase S$ 100-1900/, 1.73.2 kati LDL cholesterol, desirable S_<130 mg/dl <3.36 mmol/L Luteinizing hormone S Male: 6-23 miUi/ml, 6-23 U/L. Female Follicular phase: 5-30 mll/ml. 30 UL. Mildeycle: 75-150 mlU/mt. Postmenopause: 30-200 miU/ml. 150 U/L. 30-200 UL. Magnesium 1.5-2.0 mg/L. 0.75-1.0 mmol/L Osmolality PS 275-295 mosm/ke H,0 275-295 mosm/kg Hy ‘Oxygen content, B 17-21 mbidl 017-0211 Oxygen saturation, arterial B_ 96-10% 10.96-1.00 mol/mol Oxygen tension (PO,), arterial B__75-100mm Hg 10,0-13.3 kPa Parathyroid hormone P___10-60pg/mi 10-60 nail. pit arteria Bo 735-745 [17] 35-45 nmol/L Phosphatase, alkaline S___20-70U/L 0,331.17 kat/l Phosphorus, inorganic S 30-45 mg/at 1.0-1.5 mmol/L Potassium S__35-5.0 mBq/t 3,5-5.0 mmol/L, Prolactin S Female Nonpregnant: 3-30 ng/ml. 3-30 g/l Pregnant: 10-209 ng/ml, 10-209 g/t. Postmenopausal: 2-20 ng/ml -20 g/L _ Male: 2-18 ng/mL, DAR g/L Proteins Total S 6.0-7.8 g/dl 60-78 gi Albumin S 35-55 g/dl. 35-55 gil. Globulin, S_23-3.5 e/dL 23-35 g/L Sodium, S_ 136-145 mbq/h 136-145 mmol/l Testosterone, tofal, morning, P Male: 300-1100 ng/dl 10.4-38.1 nmol/L, Female: 20-90 ng/d 0.73.1 nmol/L ‘Thyroid-stimulating hormone S$ 05-5.0 U/mL, O mui ‘Thyroxine (T,), total 5-12 gill. 64:15 nmol/l, ‘Triglycerides, fasting S 35-160 mg/dl. 0.4-1.8 mmol/L, ‘Trilodothyronine (T,) S 115-190 ng/al. 1.8-2.9 nmol/L. Urea nitrogen (BUN) S_ 7-18mgidt 2.5-6.4 mmol urea/l Urie acid 3.0-8.2 mgd. 0.18-0.49 mmol/l,Hematologic values aroenoxs D> Blood volume Plasma volume Male: averages 69 mL/kg body weight Female: averages 65 ml/kg body weight Male: 25-43 mL/kg body weight Female: 28-45 mL/kg body weight 0,025-0.043 Likg body weight 0.028-0.045 Likg body weight Erythrocyte count Male: 4.3-5.9 H10°/mm? 43-5.9 1027, Female: 3.5-5.5 H 10°/mm?> 3.55.5 H102/L Male: 0-15 mm/h (0-15 mm/h Female: 0-20 mm/h (0-20 mmdh. Hematocrit Male: 41-53% 041-053 le: 36-46% 0.36-0.46 Hemoglobin. blood Male: 13,5-17.5 g/dL 2.09-2.71 mmol/l, Female: 12.0-16.0 g/dl. 1,.86-2.48 mmol/L Hemoglobin A, #6% of total Hb 40,06 of total Hb Leukoeyte count and differential Leukocyte count 4£500-11.000/mm? 45-11.0H 10%, ‘Segmented neutrophils 45-74% 0.45-0.74 Bands 04% 0.00-0.04 Eosinophils O-7% 6.00-0.07 Basophils 0.2% 0.00-0.02 Lymphocytes 16-45% 0.16-045 Monocytes 410% 0.04-0.10 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 25.4-34.6 pa/cell 0,39-0.54 fmol/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin conc. 31-36 gia. 4.87-5.58 mmol bil, Mean corpuscular volume 80-100 m* 80-100 Partial thromboplastin time, activated 25-40 seconds 25-40 seconds Platelet count 150,000-400.000/mm? 150-400 8 10° Prothrombin time 11-15 seconds 11-15 seconds Red cel distribution width 1 5-14.5% 0115-0185 Reticuloeyte count 0.5-1.5% of red eels 0.005-0.0015Abscess 47 Acetyaldehyde, 107 ACh receptor antibodies. 217 Achloehydia, 79 ‘cid base balance, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141 ‘eid fast bail, 173 ‘Aci oad, 133,135, 137 ‘Acidosis, Se Diabetic ketoacidass: Metabolic acidosis: Respiratory acidosis Acquired immune defclency syndrome. ‘Sve AIDS ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). 191, 193 Activated partial thromboplastin time. See APT Activated protein C. 65 Acute lace, 35 Acute myeloblastic leukemia, See AN ‘ute reval fallre. See ARE Acute respiratory distress syndrome. See ARDS ‘Adalsonan evs 191 ‘Addisons disease. Ser Adrenal insulcieney ‘Adenoma parathyroid, 189 cutary 193 ADH (entduretc hormone}. 195, 197 Adronal gland. 191, 193 Arenal insufficiency, 191 Adeenal neoplasms, 193 ‘Adrenocorticotopic hormone. See ACTH. Adult call eke, 85 AEB positive sputum, 173 AIDS (acquired immune deflency syndrome), 163, AIDS-defining illness, 163 ‘Airway inflammation, 1 Airway obstruction. 41 Alanine aminotransferase, 237 Alcoholic hepatis.107 Aldosterone. 191, 237 Alkaline phosphatase, 207, 238 alkalis chloride resttant, 137 chloride responsive, 137 metabolic, 137 respiratory 41.181 Allergic init 145, ‘Ap symuckin, 273, ‘Alpha thalassemia, 71 ‘Aluminum incxication, 185 Alveolae damage, se, 43 Alveolar dend space, 43 Alveolar hypoventiiion. 137 Alveolar macrophages. 173 ‘Alveolar walls, 39 Aldelmersdivease, 211 “Amenorebea, 229, 233 AML (acute myeoblasti leukemia). 83 Amylase, 95 “Amyloid anglopathy, 221 Aunyiokd precursor protein, 211 Anaphatoxin 3 Anuphylants. 3 ‘Androgen. 191.229) Anemia, 31,91. 119 aplastic, 83 of chronic disease hemolytic 51, 64.71 from deficiency 77, ‘megaloblaste, 51,67 microangiopathic hemolytic. 61 rmiroeyte mil, 73 rnormoeyte noemochromie, 115. pernicious, 79 siete cel, 51 Angina, 27, 31.33 “Anlon gap metabolic acids, 177 ‘non anion gap %, 133,135, Anorexia, 23,35 ‘Anovulation, 233 AND (atl nateiaretic peptide}, 21 “Anterior descending artery let. 31 ‘Anterior pltltary. 181, 193 ‘nibodies ACh receptor, 217 humoral immunodefciencis eating to, 153 PANCA, 91 Antibody dependent cellar cytotoxicity. 147 ‘Anliaretie hormone. See ADE ‘Antigen presenting el See APC Anilgens endogenous, 149 exogenous, 149) immune modiated dlsorders relating to, 145, 147, 149,131, 1 fhyrnus dependent 8 thymus independent. 9 Antithrombin I deficieney. 65 Aortic regurgitation, 29 Aortic stenosis, 27, APC (antigen presenting cell) 7.41, 65,93, 163 ‘Aplastic anemia. 83. Apoptosis, 7.171, 225 PTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), 5,159 Aguaporin, 195,197 ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), 35 45.47 ARE (acute rena allure) Intrarenal or intrinsic, 113 poscrensl, 113, prerenal, 113 Arwinine vasopeesi, 237 ‘Arterial pressure, 21 pulmonary. 43 Arteries. Se specific entries Arthritis 35. Seeaso Mon or olgoartrs, Ostooarthets rheumatoid 149, 201 symmetric, 201 Arthus reaction, 149 ‘Articulee cartilage. 203 Ascites.23,33, 101 ‘Aspartate aminotransferase, 237, Asters, 115 Asthma, 41, 145 Asymptomatic heart lure, 21 Asymptomatic hyperuricemia, 55 Ataxla-telangiectasia, 155 Atelectasis 43,45, Atheroma, 33 ‘Atherosclerosis, 31, 33,115, 179,225 Athetosis.215 Atrial iat, 29 ‘Atrial natrarctic peptide. See ANP Atciom, 23. 35 Atcophie thyrokis, 183 ‘Aver ods, 83 ‘Autoantibodies, 159 ‘Avtoantigens. 159 ‘Autoimmune disease, 219 ‘Autosplenectomy. 51 ‘Axonal injury 219) ‘Azote, 115, 171 Beals, 9, 41,201 Bacteria Urtreatingt. 169 Bacteria ests ‘acute uncomplicated, 169 complicated, 169, Bacteria meningitis, 167 Barret’ epithelium, 89 Barts hemeglbin, 71 Bernard-Soulie syndrome. 63 Beta thalassemia, 73, Bicarbonate arterial, 237 Bile, 97 Ble duct. common, 97 Biliary elle, 97 Iiliubin, total, 237, Blood, Seals REC (ced blood cells) hemoglobin, 239 BNP (brain aateturetlc peptide), 21 Bone disorders See Rheumatooglc and bone disorders Bone formation, 205, Bone marrow, 51, 67.75, 153,155, Bone marrow expansion. 73 Bone marrow hyperplasia, 71 Bone resorption or turnover. 205 Bony ankylosis, 201 Bouchani’snodes, 203, 7.85,@ ww Bradykinin, 5 Brain natriuretic pepe. See BNP Bronchitis chronic, 39 DBronchoconstiton, 41 (CB convertase,3 CS convertase, 3 Calcio, 185, 187,217,237 Calotum homeostasis. 185, 187 Cancer endometrial. 233 (Carbon david, arterial, 237 CCariae eyes 31 Cariae output ‘congestive heart fallure relating fo, 21, 27.115 eep vein thrombosis and pulmonsy embolism, relating to, 43 Ie sided art ale eating to, 23.2 ‘ight sided heart alurereetng to, 23.27, 39.43 Cardiogenic embolus, 225, ‘Cardiomyopathy, lated. 25 ‘Cardiovascular disorders satherosleros's. 33 congestive hear failure, 21,27. 115 cor pulmonale, 35.43 let sided heart are, 23, 25, rnyocardl ischemia and infarction, 31 right sdod heat failure, 23,27, 39.43, valvular regurgitation, 27,29 valvular tenons, 27.29, CCariage metabolism, 203 Cavitation. 173 CERS chemokine receptor 163 (Cod T eal. 9, 41,95, 163,201 Celt mediated estos. 151 Celbmedated immune esponse. 177, Cellet immnity: pases of sfetor,7 ell-medited inflammatory response 79 Calls See pei entries Cellular immunodeicencies, 155 Calla rections, to ace inflammation, 11 Conta dates insipid, 195 Central neryoos system, See CNS Centroblais.9 Cerebral chemi, 225, CTR (ys ibeossansmembrane conductance regulon protein, 53 lachains, 71,73 Bebains 71.73 Charcot’ triad. 97 (Chloride ebarne, 33 CChorie resistant alos, 137 CChioride responsi alkalosis. 137 Cholangitis. 97 Choledocholthiass, 97 hoelthiasis, 97 Cholesterol. 97.237, 238 Cholesterol erysials. 97 Chorea, 215 (Chromosome 4,215 (Chronic obstruct pulmonary disease. See COPD (Chronic produetive cough. 39 (Circulating immune complex, 149 iumfex artery. 31 eros BIOL ONS (central nervous sytem), 33,127, 171,219 Cougulaton caseade 43,171 Tactors eating to, 5 pathways of ‘common, 5.65 cstrinsie. 5.61 nttnse 5.59. 63, 65 ‘Coagulation, lsominated intravascular. 61 67.171 Collagen. 203 Colon, 91 Colonie mucosa immune system. 91 Common ble det. 97 Common variable immunodeiceney syndrome, 153, Community acquired pneumoni. 47, Community acquired (7, 169 Compensated oscoarthitis, 203, Complement cascade, 147, 201 ‘apart of mmiane sistem. 3 paths of ‘alternative, 3 Concentric hypertrophy. 25,27 ‘Congestive hea fale, 21. 27.125 (Contact dermatitis, 151 COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary dea 35,39 (Cor pulmonale, 35.43 ‘Coronary arteries 31, 33 Coronary vasoconsrct Cortcotropin. Ser RH Cords, 237 Creatine kinase, 237 Crescent shaped hematoma, 223 RH (corticotropin). 191, 193 Crab’ disease, 93 Cevoglobinemia, 105 Cashing’ disease and syndrome, 19 (ystieduet, 97 Cystic ross. 53, atc fibossiansmembrane coductaace regulator protein. SeeCETR protein (Cytokines 7,41, 75,91, 145, 167.201 Cytotoxic edema, 167, Cytotoxicity antibnly dependent cea, 147 coll mediated, 151 (Cytotoxins.7 Deep vein chrombess and palonary ‘embolism, 4 Delayed type hypersenstvity 151,173, Demyelinaton and plague fermation. 219 Diabetes sestational, 233, Insipdus, 195 smelt, 81, 11S type 1.177, type 2.177.179 Diabetic hetocidoss. 177 Diabetic neuropathy. 119 Diapodests. 11 Dhastole volume, 21,29 Diluse alveolar damage. 43 DiGeorge vynrome, 155 1,25.Dihydroxyvamin D237 Dilated cardomsopathy 25 Disseminated intevascolar coagulation. 61 67,171 DDoparninerge neuroma oss, 213, Dysfunctional ant-ehax barr 89) Dysfunctional dssuc resistance. 89 Dyspnea, 39,45, ‘om exertion, 27 paroxywmal nootuenal, 25, 27.29 Recent hypertrophy, 25. 29 Elampsa, 235, badema, 41,119,197 cytotoxic. 167 Intestta, 167 periorbital. 183, peripberal 23. 35 pralmonars 25.2 ‘vasogenic. 167 Lector Tels, 7 ectrulte disorders Se Fluid abd electultes disorders Hevated liver erases, 23 nboli cardhogenk. 225 rnon-cardiogenie,225 pulmonary. 35.43, 165, septic 165, thrombotl, 33 ‘bli scheme stoke, 225, Emphysems, 39 Empyera. 47 Prdocardts. 29 ‘acter relating to, 165 classificatons of, 165 infetve, 165 Endocardivm, 35 Endocrine ats, ping, 231 Endocrine disorders ‘adrenal insifcieney, 191 Cushing’ lsease and syndrome, 193. iabetes insipidus, 195, iabotes melitos 117 type 2,177,179 Iaypecalcemi, 185, 187 Iayperpaathyroidism, 185, 189.207 Inyperthyroidsm, 181 Inypocaleemia. 187 Fnypotalanns eating to, 181, 183, 191, 193. 195 ‘nypothyroiism, 119, 183 SIADIL, 197 Endogenous antigens, 149 “Endometeial cancer. 253 ndometium proliferative phase of 229 secretory phase of, 229 ‘indothetial cel 201, [ndothelialdysfemction, 33,235 “Endodhelia injury. acute iftammation relating, 11 29.43dotheium actvation of vascular injury to, 63 Pribstag liver falar 105 End-stage renal disease. 115,117 Eosinophils 41 piduralbematoma, 225 pileps 21 plepic syndromes, 221 Fpieptogeness, 221 Epithelial cll dystunetion, 91.173 rosie efx disease, 89 Brythroblatos fetal, 147 Brytheocyte count, 229 Biythrooyte sedimentation rats, Exythropoies's, 71.73.75, 7.81 rythropoietin, 75,77 sophagastic junction, 89 Bxophageal adenocarcinoma, 89 Essential thrombocytosis, 83 radio 229,237 steogen, 232 uvolemic hypernatremia, 1 volemic hyponatremia, 125 Excitotoricty. 225 xucrine panereatc function, defective, 79 Exogenous antigens, 149 Exteeclllarbufering, 133 Extracellular uid compartment. 125, 127 Extracellolar uid. 133,135,137, 139, 142 Extrahepati manifestations, 103, 105 Fxtra-pulmonary disease, 17 actors. Soe also ANP: BNP; Intrinsic factor receptors ‘coagulation cascade eelating to. 5 hhemophifias A.& Belang to, $9 primary hypercoagulabe states eating, 10,65 at necrosis. 95 Female reproductive system dsorders amenorrhea, 229 menopause, 231 poleystc ovary syndrome, 233, reeclampsla/eclampria, 235, Femoral veins 43 Ferritin, 75.77.81, 237 etal hemoglobin, 73 Fri. 5.59, 61, 165, Flrinogen, 3.59.61 ibinobss. 5, 61 ibroatheroma, 32 Fibrosis, 13.39, 101,107,157 cystic, 33 pulmonary. 45 Fibro plague. 22 Fistulas, 95 Fluid and electrolytes dsorders ‘anion gp ¥.non anion gap metabole cides. 133, 135 lnyperkalemia. 231 Ihypernatremia, 127 hypokalemia, 129 hyponatremia, 125 Kidneysrelating to, 133, 135, 137, 159,14 metabolic acidosis, 113, 133,135, metabo alkalosis, 137 respiratory acidoss 41, 43. 139, respiratory alkalosis 4, L4 Foam cll, 33 Focal chemi, 225 olck-stimulating hoemone Se FSR SH (flee stating hoemone), 231,237 Fulminant hepatitis. 103, Gall blader 97 Gastroesophageal reflux disease See GERD Gastrointestinal dsonders cholelithiasis, 97 ‘Crohn's disease, 93 GERD, 89 pancreatitis. 95 tlceratve colitis, 91 Gastroinestioal trict, 53, Genetic disorders vsti ts. 53 out sickle cell anemia, 51 Genitouriacy system, 53 ‘GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease), 89 Germinal cater, 9 Cestitlonal diabetes, 253 ‘GPR igomerularilteation rate), 113 GGianzmann's dheombasthena, 63 ‘agiobin chains, 71,75 Balobin chains. 71.73 ‘eglobin genes, 71, 73 Belobin genes, 71,73 Glomerular disease secondary. 117 (Glomerular Hilteation rate. Soe GER. Glomerulonephries. 115, 117 Glomerulonepbrits. 117, 149 ‘Glomeruloscleroi, 115 lucagon, 237 hucocorticoi levels 191 (Glucose, 177.179, 237 ‘Glutathione supply, 107 Gout, 35 Gouty sephropathy, $5 Graft ejections. 151 Gamulom forms, 7,157,173 Granalomatous reaction, 151, 185 (Growth hormone, 238 Hay celleukemia, 85 Barts. 71 LHD (hepatitis B virus. 103, HCV hepatitis C virus, 105 HCV RNA. 105, HL cholesterol, 238 Hear disease, rheuma Hear failure asymptomat, 21 ‘congestive. 21.27 let side, 23 2 right sided, 25 Sans and sympoms of 21 Heart marmurs. 29 Heherden’s nodes, 203 Heinx bales, 71 [HELP syndrome, 235 Heemarthrosis, 59 Hematocrit, 239 nex > Hematoma recent shaped, 223 epidural 225, subdural 229 Hematopoetle disorders apa thalassemia, 71 emia of ehronic disease, 75 beta thalassemia, 73 Ihemoeheomatoss, 73,81 ‘ton deficiency anemia, 77 lympbod ymphomas aed leukemias, 85 ‘macrophages relating to, 75, 77.81 ‘myeloid lymphomas and leukemias, a ‘itamtn B12 deficiency 79 Heematuria, asymptomatic, 117 Hemechroaiatosi, 73, 81 Hemochromatosis gene mutation, 81 Hemoglobin, 77 ATS Ag. 239 Baris, 71 lod, 259 fetal, 73 Hedsease, 71 mean corpuscular, 239, FHemoglobinopathy. 51 Hemolyis intravascular St Hemolytic anemia. 51,61, 71, 73, microanglopathic. 61 Hemopbilis A&B factors relating to, $9 pathways relating to, 59 Hemoptysis, 27 Hemorrhage Intracranial, 223 subarachnoid, 223 Hemorthagie pancreatitis, 95, Hemosiderin, 81 Hemostasis sabnormal. 115 peimary. 17 secondary, 5 Hemostasis disorders Mitochondtal dysfunction, 212 Mitral egurgiation, 25,29 Mitral stenosis.27 Mitral valve prolapse, 29 Mixed acid bse disorder, 132, [Mobs (multiple organ dvsfcton syndrom) 45,61, 171 [MOE itp organ ature. 61 Mono or oligoarthrtis 53 Monoeytes. 33 Monosodiam urate, 5 Mucous secretion, 41,53 ulhipl chron ver escases. 101 Multiple myeloma. 85 ‘Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Sie MODS Multiple organ ature. See MO Multiple seerosis 219) Murmur ‘cule of tricuspld regurgitation, 43 sorte 27. heart. 2 sida, 27 titel, 27.29 ie ftique, 217 Mycosis anges, Myelogenous leukemia, cheonic, 83 Myeloid fymphemas and leukemias. 83 Myelold metaplasia with myelosclersis, 83 Myeloid stem cl, 83 Myocardial contraction. 21 Myocardial inaction, 179 Mvoeardi ischemia and infarction, 32, Myocantialremedeling, 21 Myocaniiom, 23.31.35 Myveyte necrosis. 31 Myoestes. 21 yogeni les, 113, Myxedera coma, 183 Naive ell. 7 Necroteing vasculitis, 149 Negative brelringent crystals Neoplasms, adrenal 1915 \Nepiriiesynetome, 117, 119 epbeitis, 159 Nepheogsntedisetes insipidus, 195 Nepbrolthass. $5,121 [Nepbrons, 115 Iephropsthy. 179 Nephrotie syndrome, 117, 119 NERD inonerosive relay disease, 89 eurotiiloy tangles, 217 Neuobunoral mecanisas, 21 Neutolage disorders ‘Aluheimer's disease, 211 Huntington's disease, 215 Snracrial hemorrhage, 223 Ischemicstroke, 225 mullpe sero, 219) asthenia gravis 217 Parkinson's disease 213 seizures aul epilepsy. 221 Neuronal cel death, 167, 215 ‘Neuronal loss, dopaminergic. 213 Neurons, 211 Neuropatly. 179 ‘Neurotransmision. abnormalities with, 221@® Worx ‘Neutrophs 39, 45.147, 167 Noctua, 25 Nodes Bouchard’ 203 eberden's, 203 Iymoh. 5 [Non anion gap anion gap metabolic acidosis. 143,135, [Nom Hodgkin's rmphomas, 85 Nonccardiogeni embolus, 225 [Nonerosie roflax case. See NERD [Normal anon gap metabolic acidosis. 135, [Normochloremic metabolic cio, 135, [Normocytie normochronie anemia, 115 Nosocomial acquired UTI, 169 ‘Nosocomial pneumonia, 47 ‘Nuclestion, 97, 121 Otigomenorthea, 233 Opsontzation. 3.147 Orthopnea, 25.27.29 Osmolality. 238 plasma, 125,127, 177, 197 brine, 113. 195,197 Osteoazthtis. 203 (Onoclasts, 201 COxtoomalaia, 115, 119 rickets and. 207 Osteoporosis. 205 Ovarian cycle folicular phase of, 229 luteal phase of 229 ovarian failure, 229 Ovaries aging, 231 ‘Oxidative and nitrosatie stress, 213 Oxided IML, 33 ‘Oxygen content, arterial, 238 ‘oxygen saturation arterial, 238 P-ANCA antibody, 91 Pancreas, 33 Pancreatitis cute, 45,95 chromic, 95 Fhemoeshagle, 95 Parathyroid adenoma, 188 Parathyroid glands, 185, 189 Parathyroid hormone. See PTH Parathyroid hypecplsia, 189 Parenchymi train, 211, 225, liver, 101 lung. 39.45, renal, 113 Parkinson's disease, 213 Paroxysmal nocturnal dsp 27,29 ial thromboplastin time, activated, 239 Pathogens, 3.9 Pepsin. 79, 39) Perimenopause, 231 Perioebitl edema, 183 Paripheral edema, 23. 35, Periporal immune response. 219 Peripheral insulin resistance 179 Peripheral vasculature, 33 re Perniciows semi, 79 HL arterial 238 Phagoeytoss. 9.11, 147 Phosphatase alaline. 207.238 Phosphate deficiency. 207 Phosphorus homeostasis, 207 Phutary adenoma. 193 Ptutary gland. 181, 191, 193 Placenal chemi, 235 Plague, 31, 33,221, 219 Plasma coli, 9 91 Plasma icon pool, 81 Plasma osmolality, 125, 127,177, 197 Plasma proteins. 1 Plasma volume, 239 Plasmin. 5.51 Platelet agsrezates. 5, 43,59, 63 Platelet count. 239 Plateet disorders, 63 Platelet receptors 63 Platelets. 67 Pluripotent hematopoetic stem eels 153, 153 Pocuimoni, $5 community aegared. 47 nosocomial. 47 Podagra, $5 Polyestl ovary syndrome. 233 Polyeytbemia, 39 Polgethemia vera, $3 Polyps, 177.179, 195 Polyphagla, 17 Polyoria 177,179, 195 Popltal wens. 43 Portal hypertension, 101 Pore system, 35 Pottosystemie shunt, 101, Potassium, 238 abnormal cell fanetion relating to, 129,131 ‘abnormal distribution of 129. 131 Impaited excretion of 131 Intakes of 129) Preeclampsin/ecampia, 235 Pregnancy induced amenoerea, 229 Pretenal aziemia. eveesile. 113 Presynaptic rundown, 217 Pay adaptive immune response 9 Primary hypercoagulabe states, 65 Primary hypertension. 111 Primary iymphovd flee. 9 Primary ovarian furs, 229 Primary renal disease 117 Prolactin, 238 Pros.atits, 169 Protein C decency 65 Protein deficiency. 65 Proteinase ett, 39 Protein, 119, 235 Proteopscans, 203, Protombin, 5, 59 Prochrombin motaiton 65 Prochrombin time. See PT Preudocysts, 95 Pseudobyperkalemia, 131 Pseudobypocalcemia, 187 Pseuohyponatremia. 125 PP proiroanbin time), 5,239) PIE (parathyroid hormone), 185, 187,189 Palmonary arterial pressure, 43 Pulmonary arteries, 33, PPalmonary disease. 173 PPalmonary disorders acute respiratory dlstress syndrome, 45 fasting, 41 coPD. 35.39 ‘or pulmonale, 35,43 ‘deep vein theomboss and pulmonary embolism. 43, macrophages relating wo. 39,47 noun, #7 Pulmonary edema, 25.27, 29,43 Paimonary embolism, 35.43, 165 Pulmonary fbrosis. 45 Pulmonary hypertension, 29, 35,45 Pulmonary infection. 43 Pulmonary vale nsufickeney of 23,35 Purine, degradation of 55 Pyelonepheits. 169, [RBC (red blood cells). 75.81. 117 Receptor mediated endocytsis, 105, Red blood cells. Ser RBC Red el dsrbusion width, 239 Reed Slernberg cll. 85 Refractory hypoxemia. 45 Refractory septie sho. 171 Regenerative oodles, 101 Regurgitation ‘sorts, 24 mitral tecuspid, 43 valvular, 27,29 Renal artery stenosis, 33 Renal biopsy: 117 Renal compensation, 139, 141 Renal disease wendstate. 115, 117 pemary 117 Renal disorders slomerulonephrits. 117, 149 hypertension, 111 nephrolithisis, 55,121 ‘nephrotic syadrome, 117, 119 real falare, 111,113,115, eral exertion, 133,137, 139 eral flare ARE ID crank, 11,115 ena functions. lose of 115 Renal osteodystrophy. 115 Renal parenctyma, 113, Renal reasorpson and synthesis, of new HCO, 133.137 Renal vein thrombosis. acute, 119 Reperfusion injury 45 ES (reticuloendothelial system 47,75 171.23 Respiratory actos. 43,43. 138 Respiratory alkalosis, 41, 141 Respcatory compensation. 133 esting cell membrane potential, 129, 131 Retculocyte count, 75,77, 239 Reticuloendotbellal macrophages, 81 Reticuloendothelial system, See RES Retinopathy 179 Reverse transcriptase. 163Rheumatic heart disease, 29 Bheumatoid arthritis, 149 chronic inflammation relating to, 201 systemic manifestations of 201 Rheumatoid factor, 201 hematologic and bone disorders steoarthris. 203 ostoomalacla, 115, 119, 207 ‘osteoporosis, 205 rheumatoid arthritis, 149, 201 rickets, 207 Ricks. See Osteomalacia Aight sided dilatation. 43 ight sided heat fllure, 23,27. 39,43 ‘ight ventricular pressure. 43 Sareoidoss, 157 Schistcytes, 6) Secondary adaptive immune response 9 Secondary glomerular disease, 117 Secondary hemostasis, 5 Secondary hypertension, 111 Secondary ovarian flue, 229 Soimuros and eplepsy. 221 Sepsis, 45,51, 171 Sepsis cascade Sepsissyndeue, 171 Septic emboll. 165, Septic shock, 171 Sequestration. 67, 101 Serology of hepatitis B, 103, Serum sickness, 14 Severe combined immune deiiency. 155 Sezary syndrome, 85 Shortnes of breath, 35,47 SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antiduretle hormone secretion) 197 Sickle cell anemia. 51 Steklo cell zat 51 Sickle shape. 51 SIRS oystemic inflammatory response ‘syndorne) 95. 171 Sodium, 125, 127,238 Somatic hypermutation, 9 Spleen. 67 Splenic sequestration. SL Splenomeyaly 51,71. 73.83 Squamous metaplasia, 39 Statoss, 107 ‘Stllate cls, 107 sortie, 27 mite, 27 renal artery, 33 valvular, 27,29 Stone formation. im kidney, 122 Strokes, 27.29, 159, 179, 225 Subarachnoid hemorrhages 23 Subdural hematoma, 223 Sweat lands. 53 Symmetric arthritis, 201 Syncope, 2 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, See SLADE. Synovits. 55 ‘Synowiua, 201 Syphils. 29 Systemic anaphyless, 145 ‘Systemic inflammatory response syndrome See SIRS Systemic lupus erythematosus, 149 causes of 159 Inflammation relating to, 159 nephritis lating to, 159 Systemic maniestatlons, of rheumatoid arthritis, 201 Systemic vasculature 23,35, Systlle dysfunction, 25,29 Systlie function, 23 Systoli volume, 25, 29 ‘Teel activation or priming, 791,155,157, 217,219, Teel 181, 183 THealls, 181, 183 ‘Tubular necrosis, acute, 113 Tachyeardia, 43, 45, ‘actypnea, 43,45 ‘Target els, 7 Testosterone, fla morning, 238 ‘Th cell eytokine profile, 7 ‘Tho cytokines, 41 ‘Tha pathway, 41 B thalassemia intermedia, 73 ‘thalassemia major, 71 Bhalassemia major. 73 ‘thalassemia minor, 71 Bihalassemia miner, 73 ‘Teombin, 5,59, 61,65. 171 ‘Theombocytopathia. 67 Thrombocytopenia 61, 67,171 ‘Thrombocytosis, 83 “Theombomodalin, 65 ‘Thrombopoietin, 67 ‘Thrombosis. 33 deep vein, 43 ‘Thrombotic embol, 33, ‘Thrombotic phase 61 ‘Thrombus, 43 ‘Thymicaplasia, ‘Thymus, 85,155, ‘Thymus dependent antigens. 9 ‘Thymus independent antigens, 9 ‘Thyroid glands, 181 ‘Thyeoidsimalating hormones. See'TSHL ‘Thyrotoxcoss, 31.181 ‘Thyrotopin-releasing hormones. Se TRH “Thyroxine, total, 238 ‘TIA (Qransient ischemic attack). 22: "TBC (otal eon binding capacity), 77, SL ‘sue damage, chronic inflammation relating 0.13, ‘issue necrosis inflammation relating to, 11 Toph. 53 ‘Toel ron binding capacity. Soe TIRE Transferrin, 75,81 “Transfusion reactions, 147, “Transient ichemia, 31 ‘Tromsient ischemic attack, SoeTA ‘Transient TES relaxation, 89 ‘Transmural inflammation, 93 “Trauma, aeute inflammation seating to, 1 TRH thyrotropin-releasing hormones) 181. 183 ‘Tricuspid egurgitation, acute murmur of 43 ‘Tricuspid vale, insuffitency’of 23. 35. Triglycerides, isting. 238 ‘riedothyconine. 238 55 "Tricletide repeats, 215 ‘Trisomy 21,211 {TSH thyroidstimlating ‘Tuberculn test reaction, Tuberculosis, 175, Ubiquitin proteosome system dysfunction, 213 Uleerative colitis, 91 ‘rea nitrogen (BUN}, 238 emia, 115, Uredhets, 169 Unie aid, 55, 238 Urinary tract itection, See UTL Urine low, obstruction of, 123, 169 Urine osmolality. 113,195, 197 Urosepss, 169 Ustieara, chronic, 147, Dterus and outflow tract anatomic sboormalites of 229 ‘OTT urinary tract infection) bacteria relating to, 169, community acquire, 169, nosocomial acgulred, 169 Valvular regurgation, 27,29 falvular stenosis, 27,29 Vascular endothelium. injury 0, 63 Vascular permeability. increase fn, 11 Vascular restions, to acute inflammation, 11 Vasculature peripheral, 33 systemic, 23, 35, Vasoconstriction, 111 ‘coronary. 31 Intrarenal, 113 Vasodllation, 11 Vasogenic edema, 167 Vaso-orcusive criss, St Vasopressin ‘arginine, 237 release of 21 Vasospasm 31 Veins. ee pet entres Venous stasis, 43 Ventricke Tet, 23,2 right, 25.35 Ventricular hypectrophy 23, 31.35, 111 Viral enveloe glycoprotein, 120, Viremia, 163 Vitamin B12 deficiency. 79 Vitamin D deficiency. 207 Voltage gradient, 129, 131 Von Willebrand disease, 63 iO mismatch, 43, 45.47 Wallerian degeneration, 219 water homeostasis, 195,197 loss, 127 retention of 128 ‘Wide puke pressure, 29 Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome, 155 Xinked agammaglobulinemia, 153,Acquisitions Baltor: Nancy Dally Developmental Fltor: Kathleen H. 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