Reading Comprehension Skills1@ Introduction Comprehension is part of life. Every waking minute, your brain is busy making sense of your world. It could be compared, in fact, to a very complicated computer. Messages are constantly coming in about what you see, hear, smell, touch, or taste. Your brain receives these messages, interprets them, sorts them, and saves them. When new information arrives, your brain looks for some connection to information already there. If It finds a connection, the new information becomes part of a network and is saved in your long-term memory. When it does not find a connection, the new information is quickly forgotten and lost The same process happens when you are reading. As you tead, your brain tells your eyes what to look for in order to make connections. Sometimes the connection seems to happen by itself—especially when the information is important or interesting to you. But at other times, itis not so simple. The text may seem a mass of information with no ‘meaning that will stick. However, you can learn how to make sense of what you read and remember it. In this part of the book, you will practice some important reading comprehension skills. You will learn to think in new ways about what you are reading. And you may find that your read- ing comprehension in your native language will improve.Lae Scanning What is scanning? ‘Scanning is very high-speed reading. When you scan, you have a question in mind. You do not read every word, only the words that answer your question. Practice in scanning will help you learn to skip over unimportant words so that you can read faster. In this unit, you'll practice scanning many different kinds of materials. You should work as quickly as possible on all the exercises. Remember that scanning is a high-speed skill. ‘Look at the let of art exhibits below. Will you be able to see the exhibition of Leonardo da Vinei’s drawings in March? = Créche Leonardo da Vinek: The Anatomy of Man ‘through January 10 Drawings from the Collection of Her Majesty ‘Queen Elizabeth I ‘through February 21 ‘Tho Grand Tour: European and American Views of taly through January 47 Master European Paintings from the National Gallery of reland: Mantegna to Goya Joel Stemfeld: Photographs of the January 13-March 28 Roman Campagagna through January 17, Bullding @ Collection: The Department of Contemporary Art, Part | ‘Late 20th Century Prints January 28-July 3 through January 34 *Photography: Close-Up/Stil Life On Kawara: Date Paintings in 89 Cities February 10-May 23, through February 7 "Closed Thursday and Friday evenings MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS + 465 Huntington Avenue + Boston, Massachusetts 02315 Did you read the whole list of exhibitions to find out? No! You knew what to look for. You scanned the list to find the information that you needed. isScanning in everyday life Scanning is a skill that you often use in daily life. For example, you might scan the list of names in a telephone directory in order to find a phone number. What else might you scan? exercize 1 > You can get a quick Idea about a book by scanning the table of contents. Practice thls by scan- ning the table of contents of More Reading Power. Read each question. Then scan for the answers. Work quickly! The Answer Key Is on page 278. 1. How many parts are there in More Reading Power? 2. In which part will you find information about reading faster? 3. How many units are founc in Part Iwo? 4, Which reading skill is found in Unit 6? 5. On what page can you find the unit on Topics? 6. In which part will you find information about pleasure reading? 7. Where is the unit on Hawaii? 8 .. How many exercises are there in the unit on Thinking Skills? exercise 2 > In this exercise, you will scan a newspaper ad for new cars. Read each question. Then scan the advertisement to locate the correct answer. Work quickly! 1, What Is the cheapest carn this ad? Which cars have air conéitioning? How many Crown Victorias are available? Does the Escort Wagon have power windows? Can college graduates get a rebate forall the cars in this ad? For which car can you ge: a “Daniel discount?” ‘Which car has the least discount? ist price of $13,499? How many cars have cassette players? Which car has an ori 10, In what town is Daniel Ford located? (Check your answers with another student. Would you buy one of these cars or vans? Why or why not?1996: TAURUS GL sepsis « wscons /E $4500 OFF ORIGINAL LIST Meter econ enves Neb) vo ~14, 699 '50 AVAIL AT THIS DISCOUNT 1996 TEMPOS $3800 OFF TEMEO ust Before Discount (Includes Rebate) S290 1100 AVAILABLE AT THIS DISCOUNT| 1996 EXPLORERS 4X4 ) Xt EDDIE BAI LTS & shve $2200 OFF ONIGINAL LIST Before Discount (Includes Rebate) ~oe82057 73 AVAIL AT THIS DISCOUNT 1996 F150 SUPER CABS vant 3 7 25 AVAILABLE AT THIS DISCOUNT 1996 ESCORT WAGONS $3500 OFF ORIGINAL LIST Before Discount (includes Rebate) eoinoae” 100 YOU PAY (OVER 150 ESCORT WAGONS AVAIL 1996 CROWN VICTORIAS voura a9 [OVER 50 CROWN VICTORIAS IN STOCK! 1996 RANGER XLT SUPER CABS ‘SAVE $3000 Off Original List Before Discount (Includes Rebate) vam*.0,766 410 AVAILABLE AT THIS DISCOUNT 1996 TAURUS SHOS ‘SAVE $7000 OFF ORIGINAL LIST (Includes Rebate) YOU PAY $18,35 40 AVAILABLE AT THIS DISCOUNT] PY V Tm 30): 1) eee“ws exercise 3 In this exercise, you will scan supermarket ads. Read each question. Then scan the advertise- ‘ment to locate the correct answer. Work quickly! ‘A. Scan only ad number 2 to answer these questions: 1, How many different beverages are advertised? 2, What is the price of a 9” Pie? 3. How many ounces (oz.) of vegetables can you buy for 79? 4. How many Eggo Waffles are in a package (pkg.)? 8. What is the name of the company which sells frozen carrots? 6. Which juice is 100% natural? 7. How many pieces of pizza can you buy for $2.39? 8, Which pizza Is cheaper? ‘9, What is the weight of the frozen bread dough? 10. Is pink lemonade on sale? = - 99 Senecaluice 4 99 Sth Api o Aap 32.0 Can, Frozen "79 & Go Carrots 89 ere 2.39 ese, Ravioll 4 39 White Bread Dough 4 ggcl 8. Scan both ads to answer these questions: 1, Which ad has a lower price for orange juice (O})? 2, Do both ads include chicken? 3. Which ad has a lower price for Totino’s Pizza? 4, Which is cheaper, Ellio’s or Tony's pizza? 5, How many different kinds of bagel bites can you buy? 6. Do both ads include fish? 7. How many different brands of pizza are found in ad number 2? 8, Is Cool Whip less expensive in ad 1 or ad 2? 9. What is the name of the company that makes garlic bread? 10, Which ad offers more different kinds of foods? (Check your answers with another student. If you were shopping and you ha¢ only $7.50 to spend, which items would you buy? WSS FROZEN FOODS ese Ravioli 1. 39 el ite Zesty Pizza 1. 59 Cheese Pizza 41,99 Puzasheis 1.99 ed 4.59 Burritos 3.0 s Chicken 9. 99 de ae 's Fish 3.49 Aga 99Scanning tables exereine ¢ > _ In this exercise, you will scan the Table of Atomic Weights. Read each question. Then scan the table on the right to locate the Information. Work quickly! 1. What ate the four kinds of information given in this table? .. What isthe symbol for Iron? |. What isthe atomic number for Tin? |. Which has a higher atomic weight, Zinc or Lead? ‘What is the atomic weight of Hydrogen? Which has a higher atomic number, Phosphorus or Chlorine? ‘What isthe symbol fo Silicon? ‘Which has a higher atomic weight, Gold or Platinum? ‘Which element has the highest atomic weight? 10, Find an element which was probably named for a scientist. (Check your answers with another student. > _Wiite three more questions abost this table. Working with your partner, ask questions of each ‘other. Work as fast as you ean. L‘Table of Atomic Weights ‘Atomle Atomic ‘Atomic Atomic Element __Symbol_number_welght__— Element —_—Symbol_mumber__—_ weight ‘Actinium he 89 (277) Mercury He 80 200.59, Aluminum AL 13 26.9815 Molybdenum Mo 42 95.94 ‘Americium = Am 95 (243) Neodymium Nd 60 tad.2a ‘Antimony ‘Sb St 4aL75 ‘Neon Ne 10 20.179 ‘gon ra 18 39.948 ——Neptunium Np 93 237.0482 ‘arsenic as 33, 74.9216 Nickel Ni 28 5871 ‘stating a 85 (210) ‘Niobium No 4a 92.9064 Barium Ba 56 437.34 Nitrogen N 7 14.0067 Berkelium 8k 97 (249) ‘Nobelium No 102 (254) Berylum Be 4 9.01218 Osmium Os 7% 190.2, Bismuth a 83 208.9806 onygen ° 8 15.9904 Boron 8 5 10.81 Palladlum Pd 46 106.4 Bromine Br 35 79.904 Phosphorous. P 15 30.9738 Cadmium cd 48 112.40 Platinum Pt 78 195.09, Calcium Ca 20 40.08, Plutonium Pu 94 (242) Calfornium Cf 98 (251) Polonium, Po 84 (210) Carbon © 6 12011 Potassium = K 19 39.102 Cerium Ce 58 140.42 Praseodymium Pr 59 140.9077 Cesium cs 55 132.9055 Promethium Pm ei (445) Chiorine a 17 35.453 Protactinium Pa 81 231.0359 Chromium Gr 24 51.996 Radium Re 88 226.0256 Cobalt co. 27 58.9332 Radon Rn 86 (222) Copper cu 29 63.546 Rhenium Re 75 186.2 Curiam cm 96 (287) Rhodium Rh 45 402.9055, Dysprosium Dy 66 462.50 Rubidium Rb 37 85.4678 Einsteinium Es 99 (254) Ruthenium Ru 44 101.07 Erbium er 68 467.26 ‘Samarum = Sm 62 150.4 Europium eu 63 151.96, Scandium Se 24 44.9559 Fermium Fm. 100 (253) Selenium Se 34 78.96 Fluorine F 9 8.9984 Silicon si 14 28.088 Franclum ig 87 (223) Silver Ae 47 107.868 Gadolinium Ga 64 157.25, ‘Sodium Na un 22.9898, Gallium Ga 31 69.72 Strontium Sr 38 87.62 Germanium Ge 32 7259 sulfur s 16 32.06 Gold ae 79 196.9665 Tantalum Ta 73° 180.9479 Hafnium He 72 178.49 Technetium Te 43 Helium He 2 4.00260 Tellurium Te 52 Holmium Ho 67 164.9303 Terbium ® 65 Hydrogen, H 1 1.0080 Thallium q aL Ingium in 49 11482 Thorium ™ 20, loaine 1 53 426.9045 Thullum Tm 6 Irigium Ie 77 492.22 Tin Sn 50 tron Fe 26 55.847 Titanium Ti 22 Krypton kr 36 83.80 Tungsten w 4 Lanthanum La 57 428.9055 uranium u 92 Lawrencium Ur 103 (257) Vanadium = V 23 Lead Pb 82 207.2 Xenon xe 54 Lithium u 3 6.941 Ytterbium = Yo. 70 Lutetium lu 7 474.97. Yetrium Y 39 Magnesium = Mg 2 24305 Zine 2n 30 Manganese Mn 25 54.9380 Zirconium = Zr 40, Mendelevum Md 101 (256) ‘Based on atomic weight of carbon 22 = 12,0000, Numbers in parentheses ae mess numbers of most sabe Isotopes a22 Scanning newspaper listings exercise 5 inthis exercise, you will scan the TV Listings. Read each question. Then scan the listings to locate the necessary Information. Work quickly! 1, Which channel shows a movie starting Clint Eastwood? What hours are included in the listing? What movie listed is given four stars? What time can we watch a baseball game? How many news programs are shown at 11:00 p.m.? What is the title of the movie to be shown on TNT at 8:00? What is the title of the oldest movie to be shown? How many channels have numbers? Names? Which channels show more movies, the numbered or the named? 10. Which channel has Spanish language programs? (Check your answers with another student. > _ rite three more questions about this TV Listing. Ask your partner to scan for the anewors. Work as fast as you can. 11s Comprehension Skills m WEDNESDAY TV 00 Foo [730 [6:00 [630 [900 [530 [2000 [s030 [22700 Ba [sree (sey Br nooo exer ar tree womens Tae a= EC Ojo Bow Ta Weng a= chen |evonce | Revs Pent age baa — [OATHS BT to [Se EE [ms rer aa co Ba [Bs [yeas owwar | acae ons Amen oR oo Ba [eRe | ear Hen |e tos vs age | aga — ws ie Ba [ER eee rae Scone rT tal sng = ae, eee eamanoee | See Seam | sce emer Temes [Ween | Reve hav] gs [age | Gt ro eee ro [ase ae ERR gw) oa Ras [aan [° gear soaess ES Tire | anon ao Dane [iia Seid ae Soma alooe Tonia ame aap |e Tae Wear reer ey FRR Dame | en | S| [oer Se [ETT | mea Room | Son SoBe aca 7200 |7:30 [8:00 [630 [00 [890 | 40:00 4030 i:00 [os [re ‘sro [woes —— see Sea ee [SE peewee wee ome [mm [tse = [ SERRE Ee as gre owner gaa Su Ba ee a Sas Spe [Sioa |S e OR RE RSI RT pre = Fa es ES So pa Someone Sor REY | rarer | Dott ew RS SSN Tee rene ara ta ay REA Fae — sw ar [Ba [one are TSSRegyer ere [Re cima ems 2) 5/2) 3) | 9) $| 8] 8) *| 5) 8g) 8/98 BBB Bees “as ns i ee] ego an BOVE! aT = (=| |gecieges FF omarion — |p goo comes ao [morse ERTS =f Ea meer om corer eee gg ee ie2 inthis exercise, you'll scan a “Bost Sellors” list from a newspaper. Read each question and then ‘scan the lists to locate the answer. Work quickly! 1. Which authors have two fiction books on this list? What is the title of the book about World War II? |. Who wrote a book with a plot set in Chicago? How long has Jurassic Park been on the list? What is the title of the book by Sidney Sheldon? Who wrote the book about the Princess of Wales? What is the price of A Year in Provence? What is The Prize about? Who wrote a book about living a successful life? 10, What company published the book about Malcolm X? ‘Check your answers with another student. Wilt three more questions about the paperback bestsellers list. Ask your partner to scan for the answers. Work as fast a8 you can. 1 Is there a book listed which interests you? Which one? Why does this book interest you?Reading Com | January 31, 1994 Paperback Best Sellers Fiction 4, ALLAROUND THE TOWN, oy Hor Hazns Gia 2 (Pocke.$8.50) A colege suds soosed of rrrcerirg hrpoessr. 2. RISING SUN, by mihatccion. Bane, 85:99) 6 ‘a mvestgaonfoloing he death oa woman sts 3 THEROAD TO OMAHA, oy Rater uum. Bartam 2 $5.90) Alawer anda etre general wnt thy an Ina tbe tase ove: re sate of Nebraska. A, THEAIRM, Jom cesham.(son/Oot 85.90) 53 ‘he see, nd ously tet dosrgs of law em rete emma or young ener 5 MONALLY'S SECRET, ty Lawrence Sane. 6 (Boney, $8.99, nfs search for some vatiale Solon stamps, a detoctve ings sear to Ig 6 JURASSIC PARK, by nihaecictton. Botrtne, 28 $5.90) Abitechniin ues gence doang to make SGrosatrs ie aga in 3 ee park. 7 ATIME TO KILL, ty oi cristo. sand/Oot, 42 $5.00) tal es of aca tensions. {G BLINDSIGHT, oy etn cook. Bee, 85:98) The sange deseo some New York upies ae Investigated bya woman psc. Q BEYOND EDEN, oy catine cour ony. $5.99) 3 [Agua aetectve hops a youre woman scape ‘eats tom hr pas. 4 THELINE OF FIRE,» Wes, cttr. owe, $5.99) 2 ‘re latest lure fom the Wor Wr eres “The Caras the stor of etomets to rescue to marines [ATHOUSAND ACRES ue emo. one, 40 TEE ewe denne’ oa taay ota 112. THE DOOMSDAY CONSPIRACY, tysiiney 2. Salon. Wane, $5.99) A mystriousbareen lnk 'S vested by an American 43 COMPELLING EVIDENCE, oy stow Marin. owe, 5 $5.90) nen ented wit the murer of Par usb, ‘woman is defended by he exer: 44 SUARDIAN ANGEL, ty Sox Parts. (Ce, $5.90) 4 Sect Nor sien mg ca ABARIVER RUNS THROUGH IT, ty Noman 44 Maclean. Pocket, M $499) Tre stores ht ake Place ino grat otters of Norton, Nonfiction ‘THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X, win 14 the asestance of A Hae (Dale, $5.99) Anew ‘ten of He tory Fhe lack lead. EARTH IN THE BALANCE, yA1Gor.(Pume, $13) kn assessment byte ce Preset of to onion. ‘THE ROAD LESS TRAVELED, ty Sco Peck, 482 {ouerstone S88, $10.95) pct wes to he situa! and psjchologeal neon ‘YOU JUST DON'T UNDERSTAND, ty Octorsh 89 Tien. Gaon, $10, Peers of coneuniation ‘etree he fons nd hw arena hem 4 2 3 4 5 [item gssyaantotteneor 5 Sri te cm 7 8 DIANA: Her True Story, Andrew owen. 10 (Pocket, $5.95) eae sory of the rinses of Wes, BACKLASH, oy Stain Faus. Archor/Oobles, 18 $12.5) Ajounaist wits about he bates of he rrecia ond potieans against wean ahs ‘THE PRIZE, by Dane! vega. Tourhstone/SAs, $26) 1 How worlstory ence he 300 entry ee been Q) AYEARIN PROVENCE, by rt Moye tags, 75 $10) Ahtah wrterdesonbes his experences fouthem France MOLLY IVINS CAN'T SAY THAT, CAN SHE? 13 2y Mal ns, tage, $1.) An ose anaes Advice, How-to and Miscellaneous 41 THETFACTOR FAT GRAM COUNTER, ny 139 Jamie Pope-corde ard Martn Kata, (Norton, $2.50) How toe aown ante tt crtnt of one's lt LFE'S LITTLE INSTRUCTION BOOK,ty 77 Helseon Brown Je (ede Hl, 5.95) Tps or owt yours nit. ‘THE SEVEN HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE 102 PEOPLE, ty stephen R Cove. (Fesie/S48, $9.95) How io schieve success: th pnspes onthe rats. ‘THE WORLD ALMANAC AND BOOK OF a FACTS 1998. (ora timane/Pharos, $795) The RAND MCNALLY ROAD ATLAS. (Rand oNaiy, 1 57:95) The 1993 eaiton of 00d mae fr ha Unto Sater, Conass sn Meco. ao fF wn 226 Scanning magazine articles exercise Z You wi be visiting Boston with some flends in the autumn. They would like to spend a day In the country. You see this article about ploking apples and decide you want to know more about it. ‘Scan the article for the answers to the questions below. 1. Where does this article recommend picking apples? ‘Who picks the apples? . What kind of apples are the very first to ripen? . Do you need to bring bags for the apples? . How much time does it take to pick apples? How many apples should you pick? 2. 3, 4. 5 6. What else can you do at an orchard besides pick apples? 7. ‘8, What should you do with the apples when you get home? 9. What can you do if you pick too many apples? 10. How can you find out where to go apple-picking in Massachusetts? ooo Picking Apples—A New England Tradition By Gennadi Preston ‘Throughout New England, people know that fall has arcved when the Melntosh apples begin ‘to tur red in the orchards in early September. ‘ter the *mac” come the Cortands, the Empires, the McCoons and, finaly, the Red and Golden Delicious. All through September and October, the aroma of ripe apples fills the air on sunny days—an invitation to come picking, ‘doy of apple picking Is, n fact, 2 popular ‘way to spend a fall day in New England. From Connecticut to Maine, its generally possible to find an orchard within an hour's drive and the ‘tip is well worth the time. Not only wilt pro- vide you with plenty ofthe freshest apples to be found, but it also will gve you a chance to take In some sunshine and autumn scenery and get ‘some exercise. And the picking is usually best done by adults. Children should not cfimb up into ‘trees and risk hurting themselves and damaging the trees—younger members ofthe family can have fun just romping around the orchard. The picking may not take long —two hours at ‘most—but many of the orchard owners now ‘offer other kinds of entertainment. At some ‘orchards, you can go for pony rdes or ride on a haytiled wagon. You may be able to watch & horse-show or visit the cows or sheep in the pasture. Or you may decide to take a hike and have a pienio olong a country lane. Some or cards have set up refteshment stands in their bams where you can taste local products, such as apple cider and homemade baked goods. A few hints: 1. Call before you go. Check the local news- paper for the names and locations of orchards hich offer pickyourown apples. Then phone to find out their hours, sineo they may vary from ‘one orchard to another ‘Yu should also ask about the rules regarding