Experiment 1 

(QUESTION 1)

The main objective of this experiment is to determine the optimal operating parameters of refining process,
which are temperatures, pressure and contact time. The experiment can be divided into three main parts
which are the removal of free fatty acids, phospholipids and impurities. Next is the removal of pigments,
oxidation products, metals and soup. Lastly, the removing process of free fatty acids and fatty acids, mono
and diglycerides, products, pigments and decomposition products. 

(QUESTION 2)

Experimental Procedure for Degumming and Bleaching

1. Sample used: 10,000 g +/- 10g for each trial.
2. Heat the CPO up to 65 to 95°C using water bath for 30 minutes.
3. Transfer CPO to main vessel body T141 at Bleaching Pilot Plant Unit for stirring process (low
rotation speed)
4. Prepare Phosporic Acid (PA) with the calculated volume.
5. Transfer PA into T141 slowly through the same inlet of CPO previously and let stirred for 30
minutes at constant speed.
6. Set the vacuum at specific value and heat the mixture up to 90°C by manipulating ball valve S141
BV 1555. 
7. Prepare the bleaching agent based on the weight % provided.
8. After 30 minutes, slowly add bleaching powder through suction hose attached at small tank T142
similar to CPO and PA charge in process.