Biocatalyst :.

A catalyst of natural origin, such as an enzyme, that can be utilized in the

transformation of organic compounds.
Anabolism :. is a biochemical process in metabolism where the simple molecules combine to generate
complex molecules.
Catabolism :is the break down of complex molecules.
Substrate : is a molecule acted upon by an enzyme.
Activation Energy: it is defined as minimum energy required to start a reaction. The need for
activation energy acts a barrier to the beginning of reaction. Enzymes lower such barriers.
Enzymes : These are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
Active Site: : a region on the surface of an enzyme whose shape permits binding
only of a specific molecular substrate that then undergoes catalysis.
(or) Only a small portion of enzyme molecule is directly involved in catalysis. This
catalytic region is known as ACTIVE SITE.
cofactors : some enzymes require non-protein molecules or ions called cofactors.
Prosthetic groups: If organic cofactors are tightly bound to enzyme, they are
called prosthetic groups.
co-enzymes : If organic cofactors are loosely attached with enzyme, they are
called coenzymes / co- enzymes.
Uses of Enzymes in : (1) Food Industry (2) Brewing industry (3) Paper industry (4)
biological determent....... (only names)
(1) Food Industry : Enzymes that break starch into simple sugars are used in the
production of white bread, buns etc.
(2) Brewing industry : Enzymes break starch and proteins. The products are used
by yeast for fermentation (to produce alcohol).
(3) Paper Industry : Enzymes break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in
making paper.
(4) Biological Determent : Protease enzymes are used for the removal of protein
stain from clothes. Amylase enzymes are used on dish washing to remove
resistance starch residues. (FIRST ATTEMPT to simplify)