VOCABULARY PROGRESS TEST 2

FINANCE - Topic 4
BANKING

account: an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out
when you need to.

ATM/Cash machine: a machine, usually in a wall outside a bank, from which you can take
money out of your bank account using a special card

balance: the amount of money you have in a bank account, or the amount of something that
you have left after you have spent or used up the rest

bounce: to (cause a cheque to) not be paid or accepted by a bank because there is no money in
the account

debit card: a small plastic card that can be used as a method of payment, the money being
taken from your bank account automatically

deposit: to put something valuable, especially money, in a bank or safe (= strong box or
cupboard with locks)

default: to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do

fee: an amount of money paid for a particular piece of work or for a particular right or service

high yield account: accounts with high interest rates

overcharge: to charge someone either more than the real price or more than the value of the
product or service

overdraft: an amount of money that a customer with a bank account is temporarily allowed to
owe to the bank, or the agreement that allows this

overdraw: to take more money out of your bank account than the account contains

pay back: income that should have been paid or was expected at an earlier time

penalty: a type of punishment, often involving paying money, that is given to you if you break an
agreement or do not follow rules

reimburse: to pay back money to someone who has spent it for you or lost it because of you. An
account which allows the holder to write checks against deposited funds

statement: a record of the amounts of money paid into and taken out of your bank account
during a particular period of time

tariff: a tax on goods coming into or going out of a country

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transaction: an occasion when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged
or the activity of buying or selling something

withdrawal: when you take money out of a bank account

STOCK MARKET

bonds: an official paper given by the government or a company to show that you have lent them
money that they will pay back to you at a particular interest rate

shares / stocks: the total amount of goods or the amount of a particular type of goods available
in a shop

share holder/ stock holder: a person who owns shares in a company and therefore gets part of
the company's profits and the right to vote on how the company is controlled

regular/ common shares: a share of a company providing the owner with a right to vote at
shareholder meetings and to receive a part of the company profits as a dividend

dividends: (a part of) the profit of a company that is paid to the people who own shares in it

stakes: the amount of money that you risk on the result of something such as a game or
competition

stock broker: a person or company that buys and sells stocks and shares for other people

securities: property or goods that you promise to give to someone if you cannot pay what you
owe them

profit: money that is earned in trade or business after paying the costs of producing and selling
goods and services

earnings: the amount of money that someone is paid for working

turnover: the amount of business that a company does in a period of time

ratio: the relationship between two groups or amounts that expresses how much bigger one is
than the other

yield: an amount of something positive, such as food or profit, that is produced or supplied

price-earnings ratio: the price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) is the ratio for valuing a company
that measures its current share price relative to its per-share earnings

funds: money, often money for a specific purpose

sector: one of the areas into which the economic activity of a country is divided

STOCK MOVEMENT

plunge: a sudden and large fall in value or level

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tumble: to go down in amount or value very quickly and suddenly

fluctuate: if prices, levels, or interest rates fluctuate, they go up and down

soar: to increase quickly in amount, number, value, or level

strengthen: if the financial position of a company, economy, etc. strengthens, or if something

strengthens it, it improves

rise: increase

TRADE – Topic 5
reduce: to make something less in size, amount, degree, importance, or price

liberalize: to make laws, systems, or opinions less severe

facilitate: to make something possible or easier

encourage: to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to
happen

cut-rate: charged at a lower rate than usual

duty: a tax paid to the government, especially on things that you bring into a country

dumping: the practice of selling goods in another country so cheaply that companies in that
country cannot compete fairly

visible and invisible imports / exports: is the part of international trade that does not involve
the transfer of goods or tangible objects, which mostly include service sectors like banking,
advertising, copyrights, insurance, consultancy etc

WTO – (World Trade Organization), deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main
function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

quota: a fixed, limited amount or number that is officially allowed

trade deficit: a situation in which the value of goods a country imports (= buys from other
countries) is greater than the value of goods it exports (= sells to other countries), or the size of
this difference

trade barriers: something such as an import tax or a limit on the amount of goods that can be
imported that makes international trade more difficult or expensive

trade surplus: a situation in which the value of goods a country exports (= sells to other
countries) is greater than the value of goods it imports (= buys from other countries), or the size
of this difference

balance of trade: the difference between the money that a country receives from exports and
the money it spends on imports

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EFTA – (European Free Trade Association), is a regional trade organization and free trade area
consisting of four European states: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein, and whose
purpose is to encourage those countries' trade.

RETAILING -Topic 6
break even: to have no profit or loss at the end of a business activity

middle man: a person who buys goods from the company that has produced them and makes a
profit by selling them to a shop or a user

overhead: relating to the overheads of a business

mark-up: the amount by which the price of something is increased before it is sold again

cost price: the price that it costs to make a product, without a profit being added

freight: goods, but not passengers, that are carried from one place to another, by ship, aircraft,
train, or truck, or the system of transporting these goods

GDP - (Gross Domestic Product), the total value of goods and services produced by a country in
a year PIB

shipping: the act of sending goods from one place to another, especially by ship

producer: a person who makes the practical and financial arrangements needed to make a film,
play, or television or radio programme

retailer: a person, shop, or business that sells goods to the public

wholesaler: someone who buys and sells goods in large amounts to shops and businesses

trade: the activity of buying and selling, or exchanging, goods and/or services between people or
countries

fair trade: a way of buying and selling products that makes certain that the people who produce
the goods receive a fair price

SHOP LAYOUT

clearance section: an event at a store, during which it sells products at a lower price than usual
in order to get rid of them

end of aisle: refers to the end of passages in departmental stores that are between the huge
racks filled with various kinds of products

check out: if information, facts, etc. check out, you can prove that they are true or correct

impulse buys: the buying of goods without planning to do so in advance, as a result of a sudden
whim or impulse