1.

Suppose we want to transmit the message 11100011 and protect it from errors using
3
the CRC polynomial x +1

a) Use polynomial long division to determine the message that should be transmitted.
b) Suppose the leftmost bit of the message is inverted due to noise on the transmission
link. What is the result of the receiver’s CRC calculation? How does the receiver
know that an error has occurred?
Answer:
3
a) B(x) = x +1 =1001

m
er as
co
eH w
1001 11100011000
1001

o.
rs e
-------
ou urc
1110
1001
-------
o

1110
1001
aC s

--------
vi y re

1111
1001
--------
ed d

1101
ar stu

1001
---------
1000
1001
is

---------
 Remainder
Th

100

T(x) = 11100011 | 000

R(x) = 100
sh

P(x) = 11100011 | 100

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 b)

1001 1100011000

1001
-------
1010
1001

m
-------

er as
1111

co
1001

eH w
-------

o.
1100
rs e
1001
ou urc
-------
1010
1001
o

--------
aC s

110  Remainder
vi y re

T(x) = 1100011 | 000

R(x) = 110
P(x) = 1100011 | 110
ed d
ar stu

Since the remainder is non-zero, we know that something went wrong!

is
Th
sh

This study source was downloaded by 100000791196429 from CourseHero.com on 04-18-2021 06:28:22 GMT -05:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/14275192/HW4/
 2. Assume B = 10 MHz and SNR = 30 dB.
How many signal levels are required to achieve the max rate?

Answer:

C = B log2 (1+S / N)
S / N= 2C/B

m
er as
30 dB = 10 log10 (S/N)  S/N = 103 = 1000

co
C = 106 x log2 (1+1000) = 106 x 9.9674 = 9.9674 Mbps

eH w
Using Nyquist’s theorem
C = 2B log2M  9.9674 x 106 = 2 x 106 x log2M

o.
rs e
 9.9674 x 106 / 2 x 106 = log2M  log2M = 4.9837  M = 24.9837 = 31.6404
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
is
Th
sh

This study source was downloaded by 100000791196429 from CourseHero.com on 04-18-2021 06:28:22 GMT -05:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/14275192/HW4/
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