Rev. de Psicol. Gral. y Aplic,, 1994, 47(1), 59-64
LA ETOLOGIA Y LA PSICOLOGIA ANIMAL:
UN DEBATE SUPERADO?
F. GUILLEN-SALAZAR
Universidad de Valencia
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se analiza la aproximacién
ideolégica que se ha producido en las uitimas
décadas entre la etologia y la psicologia animal,
sin olvidar por ello los puntos de discrepancia
aun existentes entre ambas. Asimismo, se inclu-
ye una répida visién del modemo estudio etologi-
co, con la pretensién de romper viejos esquermas
todavia muy arraigados entre los estudiosos de
otras clencias del comportamiento animal.
Palabras clave: Etologia, psicologia animal,
analisis histérico.
Introduccion
Tanto la etologia como la psicologia animal se han
‘cupado tradicionalmente del estudio del comport
miento animal desde enfoques distintos. Ambos tér-
minos se originaron en Francia en el decenio de
1830, como consecuencia del debate mantenido en-
tre Georges Cuvier y Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire en el
sseno de la Academia de Ciencias de Paris, en torno
al papel que el comportamiento animal desempefia
en la adaptacién de las especies (Jaynes, 1969;
Crook y Goss-Custard, 1972; Thorpe, 1982; Ortega
Escobar, 1988). Dicho debate quedo olvidado hasta
el timo cuarto del pasado siglo, fecha en la que se
vio reavivado debido, en cierta medida, a los escri-
tos de Alfred Giard, quien distinguia la etologian (re-
firiéndose con ella a los estudios que relacionaban
los animales con su medio ambiente) de la
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