2A (M) We set up this problem in the same manner that we have previously employed, namely designating the equilibrium amount of HI as 2x. (Note that we have used the same multipliers for x as the stoichiometric coefficients.) Fquation H(z) Le) THB) Initial: 0.150 mol 0.200 mot Omot ‘Changes: —x mol x mol (+2x mol, Equi (0.150—x) mot (0200) mol 2 mol 2) We substitute these terms into the equilibrium constant expression and solve for x. (2x) (0.150—x)(0200—x) 42° =(0.150- 3)(0200-3)50.2 =50 20.0300-0.3503+*) =1.51-17.65+50.2x" 0=462s*-17.6r+1.51 Now we use the quadratic equation to determine the value of x. =0.250 or 0.131‘The first root cannot be used because it would afford a negative amount of H, (namely, 0.150-0250=-0.100). Thus, we have 20.131= 0.262 mol HI at equilibrium. We check by substituting the amounts into the K_ expression. (Notice that the volumes cancel) The slight disagreement in the two values (52 compared to 50.2) is the result of rounding error. Ke (0.262) 0.0686 (0150=0.131(0.200-0.131) 0.019%0.069 2B (D) (a) ‘The equation for the reaction is N,O,(g)—2 NO, (g) and K, = 4.6110" at 25°C In the example, this teaction is conducted in a 0.372 L flask. The effect of moving the mixture to the larger, 10.0 L container is thatthe reaction will be shifted to produce a greater number of moles of gas. Thus, NO.(g) will be produced and N,O,(g) will dissociate. Consequently, the amount of N,O, will decrease. (©) Thecquilbrium consanterpesion, ubsning 1001 for 0.72 L, follows. (ia) oo) a 0310-5 ~ TRON) 100, ‘This can be solved Wh th quad equation andthe sensible resus «= 0.0118 ‘moles. We can attempt the method of successive approximations. First, assume that x << 0.0240. We obiain: xo SIT OOOO). [4.6110 x 2.50 (0.02400) ~ 0.0166 Clearly x is not much smaller than 0.0240. So, second, assume + ~ 0.0166. We obtain: x= {461x107 x 250(00240— 00166) = 000925 This assumption is not valid either. So, third, assume x ~ 0.00925 . We obtain: x= [4.61% 10" «2.50 (0.0240 — 0.00925) = 0.0130 Notice that after each cycle the value we obiain for x gets closer to the value obtained from the roots of the equation. The values fiom the next several eyeles follow. (NO. IN,0,] K, 1x10”3A, (M) Again we base our solution onthe balanced chemical equation. Equation: Ag” (ay)+ Fe" (aq) == Fe (ag)~ Ag(s) K.=2.98 Initial: “OM OM 120M Changes: 1x Mo tx M “aM Equi oxM ooxM (120-8) M 2-¥ 0=298r?+r-1.20 Weruse the quadratic formula to obtain a solution. nb AF age _ -1.002 YOO 42981 _ . le 298 ‘A negative root makes no physical sense, We obtain the equilibrium concentrations from [ae ]-[pe"]-o4ssm ——[Fe*]-1.20-0488-0.71M (M) We first calculate the value of Q, to determine the direction of the reaction, [v7Ter]_ 0.150%0.150 2 vi Dot00x0.o100 ~725<72*10 os eecause the reaction quotient has a smaller value than the equilibrium constant, a net reaction tothe right will occur. We now set up this solution as we have others, heretofore, ‘based on the balanced chemical equation. VP (ag) + Ce*(aq) = VF (aq) + Ce (aq) initial §—O.D100M_— 010M O1S0M_— 10M changes =vM eM 4xM. 4eM) equil — (0.0100—x)M (0.0100=x)M_ (0.150+x)M_ (0150+ x)M k [vTer]_ (o.1s0+3)x(0.150+x) VCH] (0:0100—x)<(0.0100- we take the square root of both sides of this expression, we obiain aistieVe(ai) + CPx) VE (aa) + CP (09) initial 0.0100M 0.0100 M 0.150M. 0.150M changes eM —M 42M eM equil —(0.0100—x)M_(0.0100—x)M_(0.150+x)M_(0.150+x)M [LT] _0.150+ 9) <(0.150+8) ~ran’-( 22) “Tv ]cr] (010-3) x(0.0100-x) 00100-=. Ife take the square root of both sides of this expression, we obiain 0.150% It = 27 00100-x 0.150 + x= 0.27 - 27x which becomes 28x = 0.12 and yields 0.0043 M. Then the im concentrations are:[ V"]=[ CP] = 000100 M —0.0043 M =0.0087 haa =. 150 M+0,0043 M=0.154 M& (€) We will determine the concentration of F6P and the final enthalpy by adding the two reactions: C,H,0, +ATP = GOP + ADP. Gop = PoP CHO, «ATP = ADP + POP Allagr = 19.74 ki-mol"! + 2.84 kibmol! =—16.9 kd-mol! Since the overall reaction is obtained by adding the bo individual reactions, then the overall reaction equilibrium constant is the produet of the two individual K values. That is, K=K,-K, =1278 ‘The equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products is determined 2s follows: Col 205, ATP = ADP. + F6P Initial 1.20«10° 1x10" 1x10? 0 Change ee * oe Eq 1.2010%r itor lO z [eath0, IAT] (043402) Losto2ee 127 Tava )(1075) Te Expanding and rearranging the above equation yields the following second-order polynomial: 1277 x7 -0.1393 x + 1.53410" Using the quadratic equation to solve for x, we obtain two roots: x= 1,113<10° and 1.08010. Only the first one makes physical sense, because itis less than the initial value of Calti20s. Therefore, [FOP], = 1.113 10%. ‘During a fever, the body generates heat. Since the net reaction above is exothermic, Le Chitelie’s principle would force the equilibrium 1o the Iefl, reducing the amount of F6P generated,