ART OF PEN J OR A NEW AND IMPROVE RULES AND DIRECTIONS IN AN “DHE Most MoD) WITH ELEGAW. - LARGE, ROUND, “Abptiabens OF GAPInAts, "PLAIN METHOD OF 'T 4 COMPLE | For he:seqotenr of « Neat ond Eapstiious Hand, without ke it ‘ralsand Schools fa the United States, The Second Unyproved kelition 5 containing 8 Main, Easy, an x SHOIT HAND compiled on fe! Now Syrem, wih « Pate id1 anyaned eerie, ae selected for putin from may eer La eee Unied Statens Uy a ppeak bighly in fvoor of hiessstent ie ee re TE gue tet emt ete eta ger teatacen pens a anol ans aN SRE iiss isn oat, ton BE SH ca ‘apcbatont Moa works FY ok i ds ea ee ty ees tel ey es Ye ay a cay eae tne nts wheres forthe most part plait and ean, and and sauiete sores a We noon. Vf ry Tien in the city of Hast BS | Fe ees a eat ai ny Fetch ity are re ey J a ‘Prom.Mr. George SaPatten, Principal of a private Literar ieeten of instuelion in penmanshiDs Ig scoring Oe pi i De cha tiem oehaving Sudiswily avatar and Musee 1 ac ecemples and rules hat intelligence which may Desh m bcc hagenamined Mr Hunting ora take oe iberty of zecommending Ni Ee eo prope any he olay eon HED, Ye A cee ese tn ane jninnens; ented De Mpa sont wut vng roa vei aes ih oh ri wr sarong eae ear eag Nae lok tere a a ad ec et aed of te i ee Ta A BO cnc oh ee eed ee econ te ant of Reve, ber EES St ea Eis ent bern, tee wih as mo brat erent o,f Sa ney aor, Tne brouser) Tabet St PE cine - pecan : os Ue effete raried fom Tyan Strong, Pec of rivals ert ing n te pga Best Bo een sequined ith your Introduction tothe Art of Penniaustep ever since iis poblication, and fel “a plessure Fee MT emo tenet pac Times eer em nal Se ot oe ‘ein. adaisien to te dP Sci eee ae exertion of ne ahr, at exenfaly to improve Txaax Suno%e, ‘AcadenTesiof our country, nok meray (0io ART OF PENMANSHIP. DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING 4 PEN, Hold the quill in-the left hand, between the thu and two fore fingere—cut off the end a fille from the back of the quill; tat up the quill and fori the scoop, (which should be about three fourths ofan inch in fongth,) turn the inside of the quill down, aud enter the knife atte into tho back without. the least inclinaion to either side, ‘Then ‘witha quick motion, with the right thumb nal, give the =phit is intended length, taking caréto hold the tham ofthe Jett hatld Gly on the back ofthe quill at the distance which the split is intended to réach,. Tater the knife: about ne fourth of au inch from the end, aad slice it of, bringing it (o n point by cutting a pioce from each of the sides siternately. ‘The shoulders aad scoop, should be made rather long, in order to. give thewpen a greater degree of flatieity. "After having broughl i toa fue point, place the inside ofthe nib on the let thumb nail, and enter the Kite ino the quill ear the poiut, an ent tHrosgh & lie sloping. ‘Then by letting the kaife fall perpeltficularly, rbthe pen, (aking eare fo tara the Kalle a litle to as fo leave the rightside of the plt rather jonger than the other, ‘which is necessary in onder to make fine hair stroke.) ‘The breadth of the point of the Ree should be proportioned fo the size of hand which itis designed to write: A clear quill requires no seraping, or shaving from the back of it, runless it be a very thiek one. a ee z DIRECTIONS FOR SITTING, AND LAYING THE PAPER. Sim at @ convenient distance, inclining the left side of the body lightly against the dese, which will extend the ight shoulder further from the desk than the left. ‘The paper should lie litle to the night of the body, and Kept squace vith the edge of the desk, -‘Theweight of the body should reston the left wm, whieh ought (0 be advanced upon the ‘esl, and kept parallel with the paper. ‘The fingers ofthis hand are to keep the paper firm aud smooth, and should ‘tide along near to the pen, The body ought to incline a little forward, and the hesd answer fo this ncliuationART OF PEI ANSHIF. rr witout resling on eer shoulder. Both fet should be placed upon the floor, the let extending further out than the Feit which wil poise the bods, eop the elow ofthe right arm ata mall distance from the body, and Tet the tin rest iphdy upon the desks halfway butween the wrist ad elbow DIRECTIONS FOR HOLDING THE PBN, Tue pen should be held loosely between the thumb and two fore fingers. ‘The fingers should be Kept rather siraight, the thumb a litle drawn up. "The two smallest fingers should be inclined «little inwards towards the hollow e ofthe hand; resting upon the ends cf each. The peashould point directly over the sight shoulder, and the hollow kept perfectly flat to the paper, except in carrying up the hair strokes, when it ought éo {umn a little upon the right METHOD OF TEACHING. Tsleaming to write, the pen, ink, and paper, are the fst objects tobe aionded fo, ‘The quality of which, howee- cx nmich it may have been tegiccted, ic an anportat cousidelation, ‘The suitablenets of these articles willbe found tmuch tofaciitate the improvement of scholars inthis art Tes well Kuown that guile which grow onthe Hh wing and those which yrow on the Jef, are opposite in heleform. "The shape ofthe latter is teh belle ealeated to ‘othe band, and hold with precision, than the frmer, sad should be used in preferencee ‘The i thould he made ofthe Best British ink powder, andl wanted for Inmediate use, mix i-with one bol the usual quantity of water and vinegar afd ald the reminder afternards, ‘he pape sould be of the fat ai foded tn « quart for, and aitched aeros the nrrowcssid, (hat th Jinesnay be ruled the Fogent ay othe paperw ART OF PENMANSIIIP. Tu places where itis convenient to get paper ruled by a machine, itwonld be the Feast trouble, and might be done more aseurately in that manner. Where itis uot convenient, the following mode may bo adopted, Take-a strip ofpastoboard; equal in length with te with ofthe book, and wa oni of vip Ty gute propotions ofthe ntchded aes making pit hee at every division. Take the strip of pastoboard this marked off, Iay it upon each end of the writing book, and with pin eracedie, at each hole upoa the pasteboard, prick through any mimber of leaves ata time which may be desired, With the book thus saried do raling by the teacher, the scholar with weorigion ruler and lead pencil, or plummet, say be able with wlitile attention, toile hisown book withacearacy. = “ "Phe (cathe should hnve a number of patterns or raling lid out, saitod tothe diferent sized hands. . Papils should comience-with the straight stroke or stom, of the largest size, and procoed regularly through the yarione lementary strokes or principles, as they are arranged in the copperplaies prictising upon each separately, Tintifen accirate idea is ainod oft, ‘Bay advantages of practising mich npon the separate prineiples are very im. porta Al duceubseqint lekwons anenpies beri ony wrepetiion ofthe lve priaipls. By ting a sale Role or principle, with the paper accurately raled agreeably <0 the pan of five Tinos for the short letters s with di Gnot explanation of their use, togothor with an wuderstaading of the other rules to be obser ved the pupil has certain {nine lesson bofbrc hi, whieh he pursues with alacrity ; 1¢ being easily comprehended, and so very limited as o-be Soon learnt. ‘Phe. variety experienced by proceeding in this manuer, togethor with the very perceptible improve- eet ncachola nds inal making; Keepy live dat sunbision and energy, and smulats to Ghote exertions, with ‘out whieh, itis impossible for any one to improve. By thus proceeding through the regular course preseribed, the jjupil i able, aller only a few weeks attention, fo weitea fairand resprctable hand; and by going over with the Fourse a secoadLtime, ho generally arrives at « dogroo of elegance ia the: Whereas pupih old way, cominenee marking aad scravling; and having the understanding that it will re quite several years to Teaen to write, they geaseally procoad with itiip or no-cospiation. The exercise, instead of© stroke before it i started down, and carry st straight with she slope fo the fourth line ART OF PENMANSHIP. aifordiag an ogreentile amusement, becomes an irksome aid laborious task. And finally, after yeara practive in this manner, as 8 reward for the time aud labour they have-expended, they find themselyesin the possession of a still hand, seams giles which may pwsbly ane th oii purpotg af ie 2 ‘Tomake a straight stroke orstem, put down the pen on the list line, anove it 4 lilile to the right and. Dresinte with the pen before itis started down, that itmay be left porfectly full and square. at the top 5 8 down with an equal-prossiire upon the pen, observing the proper slope, anil it reaches the Ath or bottom lines move tho pen a Title upontheline, thatthe comers may be Toft ful, Pupils should continue writing these, Ell they cua holdthe pen correctly, slope themallalike, and make them a equal distances. ‘They may then proceed to the dire. ‘To make this Tetter, place the pen upon the-titst Ting, move it 4 litle to the right, zive the fill pressure for the + thon with.a slow and careful ly lighten up the peiand bring it he line ; with which carry up the movement ofthe pen, bear round a litle fo the right, and at the sime time aradtall toa point at the fifth, turning it moderately upon the right comer before ft etrkes tl ‘mir stroke, with an equally slow movement, giving ita truccure to the thind lie; from thence carry itstraight with the slope (0 the firs. ” Bayo the pen a jiile fo the right, keeping if upon the hair stroke down te the third line, and proceed as before, joining thein altogether throush the. line. Scholars should continue to write these, Gill they have acquired a prelty accurate idea of them—? and tara them all alike, place them at equal distance, and jon them on the thitd or middle line, ‘They may then begin with the 0, Which is hegiinat the top, and carried round in the form of an oval, giving a erad- fal pressure upon the pen from x litle below the firt to the third lige: from the third to the fourth, the preseure should be equal; from thence the tum should be-earried round to the third line thesime ns in the dizect le {rom the third continues Hts oval direction Gill it meets the stroke afthe top. The o. an important principle, and one che ‘riiffcult fo execute with correctness; it should, therefore, receive particular aitention, and nothe passed nutit tho Jeatner bas. correct idea of if impressed upon his mind, ard can tolerably well execute they sn slope4 ARE OF PENMANSHIP. ‘ann, putdown the pen on the third line, carry up the hair stroke, giving: eet vet or an rete downe pen and sth ame tine este (he 2nt nt sees te second Hines from Use second, give che. ful presure upon the pen, and cary it night ith ee eet the fit ines Set down the pon ayain-upon the third or connecting line, touching the lst body stokes the slogeto ici oe Setdows the pon alsin am Ns ote the cae wen (he pene ful of nb placed wo conite of the stakes carry up the bait mai, and proceed es before, through the line. After the choles Hee ne cool das characterwith sulicient accuracy, re may proceed to the curved), or last part of the ns which vrai the to tamool the direct and inverted}. This made downto the fourth ne, she same mannéy 3: the Sa dat the fourth fine, the tunis He same as the girectl. A few, lines of these, may be wmttren without home connected. ‘They may then proceed to the J. eee the ic place the pen on tlefist line; miove it tothe right and give the full pressure upon the pen, belore tartrate laws dein the olfiricokes wih sre topes carry down the stroke withthe fll pressure, straight th TeeRee eine sth ing, from thence gradually lighten ap the pen unl the stroke i reduced to a hair nant, mish sara about tio thitde of the way from Uke ith line to the- extremity of the letter. | Observing at the same Sa ee peur nd to the le, giving the loop a are. and easy swings carry up the hair stroke, crossing the Lod si ee ehawy the ith he, Uifuureaches the third. Proceed inthis manner through the Tine, connecting them vin the thied Tine, and at che same distance as theother full strokes. Peeing the & in making which, place the pen on the third line, carry up the hair stroke well of to the sight extend ito its propor height as prescribed inthe rules of proportion, giving the Joep an caty swing, smile S Tell ferred j bring down the pen with n gradual pressure to the fist line. From thence the strokethould be felland equal down to its proper extent, crossing the baie mark between the frst and second lines, Mtns tot; dwa to the fy Tie, ia the same as the; and rom the fret line awn, stisa complete, and mae Eee eae ae tically of making these Toaped letfers correctly, will xequire much practice, and (be ‘To make the inverted, or first partART OF PENMANSHIP. is sinstestattentionin the movement oF the pen. ‘They should not be passed until they are all woll acquired; for the Teanty of a piece of riting depends miich on the gracelalness of these turns. Tomnke kshort 4 set thepen on the fith Tine, tarry: the hair stroke. very sloping’ snd nearly straight, to cho first ‘Draws down the body stroke from a litle below the first line with a gentle pressure, and safferit to ewvell out to sucha degree as that the width ofthe letter, from the extent ofthe swell (6 the hairsiroke, on the fourth line, should Je equal to the width of the 0, Gradually draw ap the penafter passing the fourth line, bringiug it to x hair sitoke {ilbefore itcomes ow the BithIine. Continve i round in a cineulae direction, and form the bulb upon. the fourth stroke, ‘There is also much beadty wu this letter, well made. It should, therefore, receive particular ni, and not be dismissed until auaccorate idea is gained of it. : "The carved |, indented, is hegun at the third line, and the turn carried round fo the second in the same manher a8. fhecurved!, From the second line the body stroke: ia continied in a curve form, gradually lightening up the pen nll the stroke Hecomes a hnir mark alittle before it strikes the thied, Upon this line carry round a ito loop; and as the pen leaverthe third line, again give itite fall pressire. From the fourth line the turn is formed in. the sime manner as fhe other bottom tumsare formed. Aftersulicient practice in thiseharacter, proceed to the inverted e. ‘The inveried ¢, is begun atid cartied round €0 the second line in the same manner as the other top turns.» Give the fall pressure ftom the second tothe third; from the third line gradually Tighten up the pen : atthe same Gime bear 4o the left, and bring it to @ hair stroke about half way trom the fourth o the fifth line. From the fifth line the stroke iscontinucd round and the bulb formed the same as in thes. ‘Tomake a z, place the pen'on the thied line, carry up the hair stroke with the ysial eurve to the first from the first line, give au oblique half full stroke to the second ; thenée earry wpa hair stroke to the first ; turn and bring it tothe second line, forming « loop from the first fo the second lines from the second continue the hair stroke straight pith the slopoto thesourth lines thence bee to the left bringing ito the Bith, Give a short turn and continue the Inir sicoke ap fo the fourth: from the fourth lite give a sweeping movement-of the pen, with a full pressure, then18 ART OF PENMANSIIP. raducly draw ic up toa Jaigsvokes brigit tot proper distance, tir aud contin up fh bniesiroke; forming s SEE ReR peer nate pereey Pat eaten tie H oe "Thee cade Ding derived from the third principle, oro witha eal virnton; it be necestary to dee he Oe ete “To make a.e;-put down the pen on the fist line, and earry round the back of it in the same manneras for the o. ‘Tomtke the bulbor dot set the pn on the fs ig, Joiniap i exaeay with he ole stake, then bring dow Oe hyo thirds of the way tothe steond lines vig i’ snocth and banaome { "To forman €. place Uiepenon te title, cary up nlniratroke wel oo he sgh, Harilarto tha nthe Toop of due kup to he fistliney orn ence it ismade te sine ae Phe Hack of thee, and o- Pupiistaving thos attended to thevasions principles ceparaely. al Usincty may combine thom togethers sword mnnstatio and varrnastoriy, whieleurprseall the rarouspriniplensand write ther a fageas thecapies: ‘Having now adisinet knowledge the vanousctrokes al praciples whic compose the tall eters wilh cer tain ule a ahretions a gute informing them hey tay be alle to proceed with as atic maliematical proc fGharin anothersrt orariences Which maeed they shoal donot alawing themetves to writeone ine of mike 2 hak ah, wilt een comprebenn of principle ands knowlege fhe mar whi shea be pertutmed. "Tv onder to which, bendes commiting the rules fo memory, i wil be necessary fore Tearar, aways hen mrtg: lohave before him a copys and frequently to examine wih eiical inutenesss a ree ou UP Wine wus Slatd downs Tew aleve secesart to othe when commiting the fale to memory, by which Ui anplicaton til appent ess pain and easy He should ols compare Hs srs wsfung with he copy eyuesty. ad pelatont to hinsetednefultscontained a and endeavor in wring he sext linet correct hee Writing too fst ia very common fault wih learners They should wate very slowly witlea arch sivervance of tthe alent af they repect mode of ing laying the pape. Holding the pen, proportion and diniarce ofthe te thon, mae ofcenneeting Se They should waite ewont-onstation, Gr which contains the more simple prisART OF PENMANSHID. S Wy “ples—then the sord—kirkpanfordy, which embraves a generalvarity. Practising upon each unl they are able Re eee ae erexttearee of aleuracy.. Woiting's hand ot Misdize the author bas found vety benciia in ‘emdicating bad habits, and producing a rapid and efluctuol change. ‘The. faults will appear more conspicuous, and Sillbe mote cay reediod, He his; however, ond some parents to oblec! toil, beeause its, they cay, ofno use. Iieioteae To thin suggestion its replied, that, T3Lie Of ab use n buses, fof very important cousequence th for oracles sna! ‘ ws dig ndersood, and a ie principles on so lage a scle appearing more conspicuous, enn be mere readily understood, and more cael excel Pet Glas ketene once well equatnted vith th prieiples of he art _audean write band of tht he well thore willbe very lle idicaly in reducipg i Yo asuallen, and writing with facility ny #zo he pleases oa to fine or runing ha Mopallending as diected to thissize ofhand, pupils may. proceed (o a spuller, and go over with die principles redisod agin he plates in the same Wamiet aout lager sat, and endeavour to Fata their cefectness audi able’ aul to improve thet pariclay, altioogh on » smaller andamore ai@icultacale. Aer nhich, they may iermis them, asin the copios-eungume msname, duit, esponion Se (aking them a8 they ate placed in the topperplate: “hese wordesiutdsve wetten uot they ean be performed wth faci aid accarnty. Scholars any {in proceed to capitals which are avenged agreenbly to their amily tocachether. A few lines of exch should Me whilten separately 9 they ans placed mn the copperplate--tirst ofthe Target cize, then theataller They shold reovive particular attention, andthe copies viewed with dhe gromest exactness. They may then write thé copies fronserbucly combined, beginning with--dttnd fo Instretion These sold be writin vit gral care and etten- Hsin observance of Ue various files and principles as they occur no one should attempt to write these, without a Glearanderstanding of the gown work, and an abit to form a good Welter ‘hey may neat proceed to inning a Ia this, proceed: ain the sound hand—fest practising ihe principles feptraiely, then writing the words cont, niin Ke. av they arearraiged. Alter which they may waite the copies lsh poneiptas promiseupisly combined, vegining wilh—Let prudence and nindration gosten your ations.1 3 ART OF PE (MANSHIP. “Afi suitable practice in hese copies, in whith great-care shuld be taken fo robin the order and corveciness of {he priucipls, sll observing to wate slowly diey may practise upon the bill ofparcols; which comprises besides the | oe te a, Mandsome copperplate runing hand, they may practice the manning hand copies with a greater degrce of expedition, saeiee aise a style beiteradapsed tdspateh of business. “hss gennrally, ovtever better gained by pr ee in businoss after leaving school. Persons. who have acuised an accurate hand agreeably to role. notwithstand- {agit may seem alte dificult for thom to putin practice, withsuiicient expedition for ondinary occasions will how. thor fd themselves naturally falling into an easy flowing style, by suilicient use. ‘The more they write after having hoon correctly taught, the greater will be hele command of hands 3 ‘The number of copies this worl i thought fo be abundantly. suficient to answer every purpose th learning the hhandehere treated off ‘There are indeed more than would be absolately neceniary for that purpose. A great v tty of copies ouly tend to divide the aitention, and confuse the mind of fhe learner. P. " Mter having proceeded regulinly through the course as directed, those who are desirous of still continiing thelr attention to eset go bal to the snl pinpoint ize anh proceed as Before disc ‘By going througiv second time, the rysiem will become more familiar, theit judgment more matured, and with the experience they will then bave)had, wll be able to correet every important error, which they may have at fist coui- omitted, : Prova the diversity of genius, ahd uncqual distribution of natoral talents which will be found among pupils, tench ‘ors will doubtless sometitues find itnecessary fo deviate from the course here laid'downs ‘Some, acquiring the: art ‘vith mote heli), and in greater perfoction than others, may with psopriety bemore rapidly advanced in the course. And those whose geniii and disposition axe. less favourably adapted to the attainment of the object, wil) need continue longer upon the several parts. ‘ ‘= Oranew ea improve Its m1 aS eae anil Kit CUMMING Manis i ieee Lp il 1G. ae NON INGTON. “5LOPIIM TNC PMSA TE UW Vhitti pil WY YEE Milf the Ld FET, |LLIN MADDIE LAA Le Ze it | ; CLT GOYML | 6H WP IBD: Hl hig KS. Tag CY YU Me, geoo eee =e | Mend (0 rnslitOd Ce 2 ok en 4 yD ly SOON MMAYSCommun 1 You wine TD wl 13 0 CI AIUD onl Vy, 4 S “mula Mt td ok a (de. 4ivour mobs eae a| Bo Gon ff fe weg comma. minic name tmverted. eros | Le fodene and modealen yours your ath adest depurtnent ever ccrmmands adméralone ma ) Cetin, coe morulltyoor pop “pe wh vlanely glad prucrally occasions soryeu Ltn accomplustung a complet edlucealion:Vuuldlen renclidiont often bring lesire repentance OD gr Eas fboollh Cavity: tends morete amps lhancte snstruct is 2 _~ Meaitthnd dk Hbugust tLEAYE HL TERT eS o a Z Oo xf eh Carleton obs Jk Liu: (Pld wih 30, 28 Ye Durant G6 WM. Beck Muslin Jb. ORL: Yuyment 6 (LeAaBb CcD dike *TGel WML IMn | Na QOoPp QO Rr SSAC WwXy 4 | AGCDEFGHI EK EMNAPORST Ur abeelabblaenapantstinciry 5 3.14 a4 Zo E ce bE >A New System of Stenography, or Short Hand. BY THOMAS REES, ’ ‘THE first object to which I shall direct the attention of the learner, is the alphabet. As hs future proficieney will depend principally upon his knowledge of the characters, and. his facility in waiting thes, histirst cane should be to impress them wellupon his memory. This he must do by frequently. writing thems Ssit-will be productive ofthe double advantage of rivetting these forms on his mind, and giving ‘him ‘a habit of ane ad seadinese in expressing them, Phoigh the alphabet ithe able conlns twenty-four characters, it will be found, by ant attentive examination of the words of the English language, that fourteen are equal fo the end of Stenggraphy : the analogy of the sound of tany letters beingso close, as to warrsat the insettion of one for the other, 4 may, in most instances, be omitted: but as its presence is absolotcly necessary for the expressing of some words, itshonld remain in the slphabet, , Band P, corresponding so nearly in sound, may be written with one character. ‘They are frequently eontounded Uy the Germans, and particilarly by the Weleho { | and 1, may be written with gnecharacter; nearly the same postion of the mouth expressing both. F and V, being likewise but two modulationsof one sound, may always be written with one character. i Gand J, ditto. heing merely an asperate, may be omitted, except upon commencing a words J. and ¥. bearing so close « resemblaned when written in any wordy may safely bo included in one character § K, @, tad 6 hard, have but one sound, and fherefore require but gue character, L, MPN, 0, and R, retain their original station ; and must be written with separate charactors, 4 § Z, X, and C soft, may bo incladed in ove character. é V and W, ditto. ‘ When the learnes has made the characterspf the alphabet perfectly farming tohis mind, he may exercise himself 4 Dying shoe scotenves, exprening the wards n their usual orthography but after he, haceeyuieel lett Bice, fe should accustom hinselt © abbrerate thesn, Te thc ged raat ee pee ee th respect to the Prcaisof words, and make vse of sath ltt ony as will most readily aul eestaly oupree thea He must select from the alphabet such letters as will €onyey a strong outhne of the pronunciation of the words,nd be suficiently obvious to prevent their being misunderstood or mistaken for others. ‘The nicer modulations of spinal ave celdorgto be regated ; as they geuetally end more to the beauty and harmony of language, than to. any Sadly, Ht wil be found thet vorele way vory frequently be omitted without much injury Co the sound of the word, ‘Dipthongs, as they seldom contain more than one sound, zeal may be written sel. oF 2. feat, fest orfot- anil many others. 5 Hee a cece under the same rule; and tay, in mos stares, be written with one character. Whenever two consonants come together in one-word, one may safely be omitted. Ih very Htde practice will sood render the abbreviation of words easy and plan (0 the learner. The following i specimen of the mode of abridging words which inweiting shorthand wit dispatch, is quite nécossary,_and ehould Seis He unable to reuder hime’ expert in waiting With the characters(which requires much practice) the au- thor would recommend srriting with the English alphabet upon the plat of abiidgentent in the words, ‘ye safely written with one character. Example: SPECIMENS OF SENTENCES ABRIDGED. 1. He who md us met be ott grt nd ommptnt-—for, He who made us mast be eternal great and omnipotents—2. 1 wd at fim any Enns wiha Mo, who hdno Reed febmelf; ntirwd {lv a Mn, wae bd ons dd'me a Li.—for, 1 would hot forma any connexion with aman, who had no regard for himself; neither would 1 bellev TS ine a fed, The Lord's Prayer Abridged.—at Fathr who ren Hyn, baled b thy nam, thy kigdm com, thy wl Bdnowerth asitis in Hon. Gv ve ths da ur daly brds—nd fryv ur ts as we figsjur &fore nd Id us nt nto tutatn, be dines fm ew rave eh gd a the pos he ly reve Aun. Every word must be finished before the penis taken oll; otherwise the characters will be so blended as not tobe legible even tothe writer himself : the true positions of the characters must in all eases be carefully etained ; otherwi ‘pen even to the professed writer. ‘For the termibations ing and ings, use a mark thua «in the singolas at the end, anda the plural at the bottom of the ustletter. For the termination tion and sion, use'a mark thus: at,the end of the last letter; and for tions and sions, use it under the last letter, thus "The use of the lage table, isto explain the manner by which the characters arc joined ; and itis so contrived as to shew at one view the construction of any word which the learner may beat alos to write~ ‘Ant ie merely athing of reference, and secondary to the alphabet, there is ro occasion for committing i fo mem- ory; as practice will render the manner of joining the letters Yamilisr avd easy tothe mind errors will inevitgbly hap-STRNOGRAPHY; OR THE ELEMENTS OF BRORE HAND. The Aifbalats f seth men he Character ste fi flonan Sres eye G | ae tea he These z cee as GC vere: Cee d\ de haber pail uit. BeesAN INTRODUCTION * To THE ART OF PENMANSHIP: OR, A NEW AND IMPROVED SYSTEM OF ROUND AND RUNNING HANDS. FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS IN ‘THE UNITED STATES | WRITTEN: ENGRAVED AND PUBLISHED, | BY ELEAZER HUNTINGTON. SECOND IMPROVED EDIUION. | HARTFORD, 1031.DIstRicr OF CONNECTICUT, =. LS. BE IP REMEMBERED, ‘Phat om the thr dy of October, in th fortyfet eee eM rnorone af Oe Une ints ff Ameri Blezer Heidt op te ti Be sab epmrein ths oie te fit of bal the right sherra he ‘claims as author, in the words fallowing, ‘to wit An Introduction to the art of Pen i tngtoce Synem of Roind ant Ravan Hands, the we of Se oe Neer Mitel Wilner ane, anys by lene Huntington Tee oe coafaraty tothe art of the Congres of the United States, de aeencaracenen of tearing, hy scaring he copie of Maps, Charts, dee en ee poprttoa of ack tpt, ders ie tims thee mene tioned.” 2 HENRY W. EDWARDS, “HANIGY Jv, EDWARDS, nessPREFACE. A dasrvng ofeupports totePREFACE, Ineneo equ rnc ply hen it ata Tina ome le a wh ng open yet dt relat ui cee ig et Sppent clea ycvery illest ia @at'mach ime sod labour may be ved hy adept cho pla Fee re Eee ite etumnae ofthe art tic wil pend on Ge matral gni ad inppitin ote acicar. ‘The author, bon Fennec tiers hack oy the batn, goes genoraly Haut his teint Cre wks, or lghtegn len. He hes apt SG io nthe cca lng pe prt ial og Oe er atcha cr Hee ee a ee arly exctcranpiicn, rts eapesteion bd Coseuually will aimolae the scholar to mas evityeXer- fester aly of eps oar ental htc acpuratn of ee Aed (eave war has hae Pe Fe eee Cae Cnc of toe term wilh acorespandent sation 9 tr part oie teacher, hey nse indewdrecceode. Tee ae a suman shou, hilecagaged io tance vaow other ranches of eatin common tuxht ysl, catamarans whish ir eecray fr te preston hapeyyement, He heeft Aha het by ebierentdlapontton of the imo Fare ae ane ee ree cached much twmcttmight be experienced. lista ot owing a potion ofthe char Ao write ‘Se arb uber sine ate i rns me omc oa ee ee hones grey tally, Whe ec a mee Tha if ey webs wre aly cuce = da), 800, Geting the tne engaged infbat exer i ateciee hc ciurvc tention Nave tectey te best eft would be pried ae Fee ee a eee ororcmeat lcs isarulis tetoalsdovated slusivly to writing, andr asylematlc pla, ite shen era i'n eric age tor nay fase DD bl bm ening ey GB TT ould vg) the coutant tention of he tecber i il pee oe ea ee nt fc [ltrs consiaed in the copperplate, wil probably be dscovere hy ice etic. 1k sah guiness hat wi onc gb arf the. exciton of he engraving Cle being oost is Grtatleunpt otha) hen Seem sere ans lem auhniy thi ese, 10 Ue candourct the public, with aneedent dese, that i mye found fo, anawer the ends ln (few aud pove benetialtotbuming generauoae — Lanneouy Ooty 1016FINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES ART OF PENMANSHIP. Tv art ofPenmanship, otwrting, ithe forming, proportioning, jing and placiig,ecording to eevtain niles, the eter words, and liess of the serious hands of visting, Beumatchip being an operation perionned by the hand Gheibieveutiinds of Teter are called by the genorsl tem, handy. ‘These may be divided jolo. two classi efit and ornamental, ‘Those of most zeneral uses and which are best calculated for expedition in busines, ae the sound and Futning lads, ‘Phe findaments! strokes, or principles of theart, are but two, viz the stright and tarsedstrokes, rom those are produced ovety other’ possible form. which ean be eunceived of, Hach of the {Ubreothnndshas te distinct pruciples derived from the wo original ones. AIL the small ettors ofthe round hand are comprised in about ivelyeclementary strokes ot principles, viz the slem the direct theo, the verted, the toned thejythe fthelong., theshorts the curved indented; the inverted ¢, and the x. Besides these, there tie sercral sinor stakes, Sich ae the bab inthe lack part of the bv» andws others i the dilleent covtsof Fs Grossing of the f and t, &e. ‘The principles ave alo stmeluues vatied by way of ornament, and to prevent their Inlesfesny with oer lellers, when writ nes closely tyether.—-For example ee copperpltcs ‘Tho slom isa fullsuaitstecke, square at top aad bottom, forzuigan angle, (as do all he letters ofthe round hand,)8 ART OF PENMANSHIP. with the line written apon, of 54 degreés.—It forms the first part of the hy ky pyand the second part af the q—The Giractl, is firm full stoke, square at the top, the bottom curved. Ieforms the i hf ly aud by continuing the bait stoke tp to the fist line, inelning it inwards after passing the middle line, and bringing down the bulb, forms the b; fand by leaving the top a point on the firt fine, if forms the last and principal stroke of onekind of r, ‘The direct 1, Connected with theo, on the right side, forms the a, andd, ‘The inverted |, isthe direct I, made bottom upwards; itforms the first strokes of the n, #, w, andthe fire and second strokes ofthe a. ‘The cursed), partakes of the principles of the direct and inverted f; it forms the second sirokes of then, hyp, and the istsiroke of the y, and the third stroke of the m. And by continuing the hair stroke up to the first line, and Uinging down a bolby as in.the b, it forme the ¥, and second part of the w. ‘The, being drawn on the right side of the e, forms the gyand on the right side of the curved, formsthe y. The. is hot a component part of any other letter; although similar to the upper part of the longs. ‘The long, partakes of the prineiples ofthe j,andf. "The short 5, is an icregular principle. The curved , indented, forms the second stroke of the k. The:inverted ¢, forms the frst part of the x. The z is unconnected in its principles with any other letter. Phe principles of the munning hand, ave the same as those of the round hand, differing only in RULES OF PROPORTIONS, DISTANCES, ‘vc. Ax m, should be ope fourth wider than it is ong, ‘The distances hetween al fillstrokes, oF between fall strokes and/fine ones, the vameus between thestrokees of the m. Except between oval letters, and wheve a hair stroke pases, sein connecting trom’s, the distances should he rather narrower. ‘The distances between words should be about the width of aun. Inthe medium sizeof round hand, the b,k, ld, andb, extend as far above the fist fine aa below it, If lowped. vienna eimhpeneneteemse teART OF PENMANSHIP. 9 ‘one fourth higher. —‘The f, and p, extend half a8 far above the fistline as below it. ‘The psf, andz, extend the same distance below the fifth line, 23 the b, k, &c. do above the frets And the looped letters in the same proportion. In Melemest text avd, th log lle ate contracted on eighth. Andin small se. Whey ate extended fom the S' The faut, should be crossed a little above the fist line. ‘The dots ofi, and j, to be half way between the t,and 1, and of equal thiekness with the body stroke. Capitals should be of equal height with the f, and other looped letters. ‘Ano, tobe aswide asan n, except when itis designed for ana, d, g, orq,then to be half the thickness of the body stroke narrower. “The five ruled lines are importantin pointing ont the proportion and form of the tars, mode of connecting, &e. and:hould be used with all bezier, when: practising apon the Bstlesons, "Al hsistrlexn forming the top turns, fhould be carried out upon the third or middle line and informing the bottom turns, they should be continued np to iicsame ine, leaving ll the letters eoanected in the center. The top tum should be formed from the fn the fecond line, from thence the stroke should continue straight to the fith or bottom line, "Ihe bottom turn shoud be formed from the fourth to, the fith line, the stroke being straight from the fst to the fourth. “The principles of the Capitals are notso limited as the small letters, and more dificult ofexplanation. ‘They are, however, arranged agreeably to their similarity will be observed that tho fist part of the A, and M, are the same tho frst part of the Nis also similar. Tho fest part of the A, and M, are the same. ‘The second part of the M, and the body strokes of the N, and W, are also nearly alike,’ And the body strokes of the P, B, Ry 1, F, S,T, I, D, and the frst part of the Hy and Ke are ihesame. ‘The body strokes of the ©, G, and O, arcalso the seme. ' Likewise the first pant of the ¥, U, and V