A. T. Beck, W. J.

de Santana Gomes,
A comparison of deterministic, reliability-based and risk-based structural
optimization under uncertainty,
Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,
Volume 28,
2012,
Pages 18-29,
ISSN 0266-8920,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2011.08.007.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266892011000531)
Abstract: In this paper, the effects of uncertainty and expected costs of failure
on optimum structural design are investigated, by comparing three distinct
formulations of structural optimization problems. Deterministic Design Optimization
(DDO) allows one the find the shape or configuration of a structure that is optimum
in terms of mechanics, but the formulation grossly neglects parameter uncertainty
and its effects on structural safety. Reliability-based Design Optimization (RBDO)
has emerged as an alternative to properly model the safety-under-uncertainty part
of the problem. With RBDO, one can ensure that a minimum (and measurable) level of
safety is achieved by the optimum structure. However, results are dependent on the
failure probabilities used as constraints in the analysis. Risk optimization (RO)
increases the scope of the problem by addressing the compromising goals of economy
and safety. This is accomplished by quantifying the monetary consequences of
failure, as well as the costs associated with construction, operation and
maintenance. RO yields the optimum topology and the optimum point of balance
between economy and safety. Results are compared for some example problems. The
broader RO solution is found first, and optimum results are used as constraints in
DDO and RBDO. Results show that even when optimum safety coefficients are used as
constraints in DDO, the formulation leads to configurations which respect these
design constraints, reduce manufacturing costs but increase total expected costs
(including expected costs of failure). When (optimum) system failure probability is
used as a constraint in RBDO, this solution also reduces manufacturing costs but by
increasing total expected costs. This happens when the costs associated with
different failure modes are distinct. Hence, a general equivalence between the
formulations cannot be established. Optimum structural design considering expected
costs of failure cannot be controlled solely by safety factors nor by failure
probability constraints, but will depend on actual structural configuration.
Keywords: Structural optimization; Optimum design; DDO; RBDO; Reliability analysis;
Risk optimization
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