SUAL + READ THE TEXTS CAREFULLY THEN ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS! TEXT I Frequently the complaint is heard that an organization ‘lack leadership’, what is meant by this? This means that some sort of actions should have been taken. But no one took the initiative to try to get other people to realize that they should do something. Thus, nothing was done. In other cases, the complint is heard that the organization does not have ‘good leadership’. This means that decisions are made and action is taken. However, those who are responsible for persuading others to accept their ideas lead them in the wrong direction. These statements show both the nature and the importance of leadership. The essence of leadesrhip is influencing the actions of others. The essential quality of the leader is that he is sure that something must be done and he persuades others to help him to get it done. If the leader mekes no effort to influence the thoughts and actions of others, there is a default in leadership. Why should we complain about the lack leadership if the result of the work are reasonably good? Why should we expect brilliant results from the employees every day? Being a leader does not mean being a superman; it simply means doing what the word leader indicates-that is, lead. We should, ofcourse, expect only what leadership means. On the other hand, perhaps they rally do not want to achieve more in their work. An organization does not have good leadership when its officials are lazy and let things drift. The factors of leaziness comes in when there are no serious penalties when they fail to improve operations. So long as the work gets done without breakdown of the administrative system, why should the officials begin for improvement? Why should he look ahead, when it is so much easier to look back and assured that things are no worse than they were beforea/ The one who looks ahead is the leader. The ‘one who looks back has no desire to become one. Unfortunately there are too many of the latter type in modem bureaucracy. In fact, it is no more unreasonable to want good leadership then to wanty good physical facilities like buildings and Offices. Obviously it is easier to obtain the latter, but in both cases it is better to demand the best. 1, Say whether these following sentences are TRUEIFALSE (give reasons)! 4. Lacking leadership may mean that no one took any action towards getting something done because there is no leader. 2. A bad leader can be a person who does take action and does get something done. 3. A leader should be a person who makes decisions and put them into practice himself. 4. A leader can only lead if he is helped by the thoughts and actions of others. 5. A leader should always try to make people think and act in certain ways. 6. A good leader should expect his subordinates to increase in efficiency and output every day. 7. Ifthe leader doe not try to influence the thoughts and actions of others, there is lack of ladership. 8. As long as a system has is working well officials should not to try to improve it. 9. Modem bureaucracy has too many people who wants to become leaders. 10. It can be concluded that every organization needs not only leadership but also good leadership.ll, Look at the following list of words carefully, then in the passage that follows put in ech ama a word from the list whose number appears in the space (put all verbs in a suitable form). Verb Noun Adjective 1. communicate communication communicative 2. supervise supervision supervisory 3. manage management managerial 4. decide decision decisive 5. simplify simplicity simple 6. accept acceptance acceptable 7. inform information informative 8. resist resistance resistantant .. positions in an organization should be aware of the importance of c)....1 able to d).....1.... with those who e)...3... the organization and who carry out the f)...2.. of the work and workers. The g).... has too often thought that h)... 1... between the top and the bottom in an organization was a i.)...5... Any .-4... from the top was expected to be k)...6... by those lower down. The workers were ...7... What was required and they were expected to act on this m)...7... . The n)...5... of such a system was obvious but was it 0)...6... to the workers. No it was not. The Hawthome. experiments showed that the p)...3... ld not always gain q)...6... of their instructions from the workers. For many reasons workers showed r)...8... to instructions from the top. One reason was that there was a lack of s)... 1...in both an upward and a downward direction. Subordinates must be encouraged to be t)...1... and this can be done by u)...5... the channels and the procedures of v)...1... Se os eee .4... step towards the improvement of x).. All people who hold a)