Hyponymy

Definition: In linguistics, a specific term used to designate a member of a class.

 "Hyponymy is a less familiar term to most people than either synonymy or antonym, but it refers to a much more important sense
relation. It describes what happens when we say 'An X is a kind of Y'--A daffodil is a kind of flower, or simply, a daffodil is a
flower."
(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)
 "House is a hyponym of the superordinate building, but building is in turn, a hyponym of the superordinate structure, and, in its
turn, structure is a hyponym of the superordinate thing. A superordinate at a given level can itself be a hyponym at a higher level."
(Patrick Griffiths, An Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics. Edinburgh University Press, 2006)
Example:
electric irons, water heater, oven, rice cooker, kettle, coffee maker, electric steamers, electric dryers, juice blenders, laminators

Synonym

Definition: A word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in certain contexts.

 “Word with same meaning as another synonymous.”

(Collins Gem Dictionary & Thesaurus. HarperCollins Publishers, 2003)

Example:

Child – infant Choice – option

Down – miserable Effect – consequence

Fall – collapse Flame – fire

Goal – aim Honest – trustworthy

Image – figure Important – significant

Antonym

Definition: “Word of opposite meaning to another.”

(Collins Gem Dictionary & Thesaurus. HarperCollins Publishers, 2003)

Example:

Expensive – cheap Fast – slow

Wide – narrow Simple – challenging

Empty – full Early – late

Wet – dry Dangerous – safe

True – false Exit – entrance

Homophone

Definition: Two or more words that have the same sound or spelling but differ in meaning.

 A homophone is a word that sounds exactly like another word, but has a different meaning and a different spelling.
(David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms. Wordsworth, 2007)

Example:

Clothes – close Dear – deer

Fair – fare Patience – patients

Mince – means Marry – merry

Knot – not Prince – prints

Principal – principle Right – write