09-107​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry

Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University

Homework​ ​6:​ ​Chemical​ ​Equilibrium​ ​and​ ​Strong​ ​Acids/Bases

Name_________________________________

1)​ ​ ​(5​ ​pts)​ ​Virtual​ ​Lab​ ​Activity

You​ ​can​ ​try​ ​the​ ​problems​ ​as​ ​many​ ​times​ ​as​ ​you​ ​like​ ​but​ ​please​ ​be​ ​aware​ ​that​ ​each​ ​time​ ​you​ ​reload​ ​the
web​ ​page,​ ​you​ ​will​ ​get​ ​a​ ​different​ ​problem​ ​that​ ​will​ ​have​ ​a​ ​different​ ​solution.
For​ ​this​ ​activity,​ ​attach​ ​a​ ​printed​ ​copy​ ​of​ ​the​ ​web​ ​pages​ ​that​ ​state​ ​that​ ​each​ ​of​ ​the​ ​three​ ​problems​ ​was
solved.

You​ ​may​ ​access​ ​this​ ​activity​ ​by​ ​following​ ​the​ ​link​ ​on​ ​the​ ​blackboard​ ​page.

Some​ ​comments​ ​and​ ​hints:

​ ​ ​Part​ ​1:
​ ​ ​ ​For​ ​the​ ​second​ ​question,​ ​examine​ ​the​ ​relation​ ​K=Q​ ​for​ ​this​ ​reaction.​ ​This​ ​relation,​ ​K=Q,​ ​takes​ ​a
particularly​ ​simple​ ​form​ ​when​ ​half​ ​of​ ​the​ ​DNA​ ​is​ ​bound​ ​to​ ​dye​ ​(Hint:​ ​what​ ​is​ ​true​ ​about​ ​the​ ​[DNA]​ ​and
[Dye​2​DNA​+2​]​ ​at​ ​this​ ​half-bound​ ​point.)
​ ​ ​ ​The​ ​third​ ​question​ ​is​ ​based​ ​on​ ​LeChatelier’s​ ​principle.

Part​ ​2:
​ ​ ​ ​ ​To​ ​control​ ​the​ ​temperature​ ​of​ ​a​ ​solution​ ​in​ ​the​ ​virtual​ ​lab,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​helpful​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​insulate​ ​a​ ​piece​ ​of
glassware​ ​from​ ​its​ ​surroundings.​ ​To​ ​do​ ​this​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Virtual​ ​Lab,​ ​use​ ​the​ ​"Thermal​ ​Properties"​ ​dialogue.
Windows​ ​users​ ​should​ ​right​ ​click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​beaker​ ​or​ ​flask;​ ​Mac-users​ ​should​ ​command-click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​beaker
or​ ​flask.​ ​From​ ​the​ ​menu​ ​that​ ​appears,​ ​choose​ ​"Thermal​ ​Properties."​ ​Check​ ​the​ ​box​ ​labeled​ ​"insulated
from​ ​surroundings",​ ​and​ ​click​ ​“OK”.​ ​ ​The​ ​solution​ ​in​ ​that​ ​beaker​ ​or​ ​flask​ ​will​ ​then​ ​not​ ​exchange​ ​heat
with​ ​the​ ​surroundings.

​ ​ ​Although​ ​part​ ​2​ ​asks​ ​you​ ​to​ ​determine​ ​the​ ​enthalpy​ ​of​ ​reaction,​ ​which​ ​sounds​ ​like​ ​a​ ​task​ ​related​ ​to​ ​the
first​ ​law​ ​of​ ​thermodynamics,​ ​our​ ​intent​ ​is​ ​that​ ​you​ ​will​ ​use​ ​equilibrium​ ​reasoning​ ​to​ ​solve​ ​this​ ​problem.
Consider​ ​the​ ​relation​ ​between​ ​the​ ​equilibrium​ ​constant,​ ​K,​ ​and​ ​Δ​Go​​ ,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​relation​ ​between​ ​free
energy​ ​and​ ​enthalpy.​ ​In​ ​question​ ​1​ ​of​ ​part​ ​1,​ ​you​ ​determined​ ​K​ ​of​ ​a​ ​reaction​ ​by​ ​observing​ ​equilibrium
concentrations.​ ​How​ ​would​ ​you​ ​get​ ​the​ ​enthalpy​ ​of​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​from​ ​measurements​ ​of​ ​K?

Part​ ​3:​ ​This​ ​does​ ​not​ ​use​ ​the​ ​virtual​ ​laboratory.​ ​It​ ​is​ ​a​ ​paper-and-pencil​ ​calculation​ ​that​ ​uses​ ​the​ ​majority
minority​ ​species​ ​strategy.

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09-107​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry
Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University
2)​ ​(2​ ​pts)​ ​Consider​ ​the​ ​following​ ​reaction:

2​ ​A​ ​+​ ​B​ ​⇌​ ​ ​2​ ​C​ ​+​ ​4​ ​D K​ ​=​ ​3.2​ ​x​ ​10​-13
A​ ​solution​ ​is​ ​prepared​ ​by​ ​mixing​ ​the​ ​following​ ​solutions​ ​together:

25.0​ ​ml​ ​of​ ​2.0​ ​M​ ​A 25.0​ ​ml​ ​of​ ​2.0​ ​M​ ​B 25.0​ ​ml​ ​of​ ​2.0​ ​M​ ​C 25.0​ ​ml​ ​of​ ​2.0​ ​M​ ​D

What​ ​are​ ​the​ ​concentrations​ ​of​ ​A,​ ​B,​ ​C​ ​and​ ​D​ ​when​ ​the​ ​system​ ​reaches​ ​equilibrium?

[A]​ ​=​ ​____________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​[B]​ ​=​ ​_____________​ ​ ​ ​ ​[C]​ ​=​ ​_____________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​[D]​ ​=​ ​__________________

Show​ ​your​ ​work:

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09-107​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry
Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University
3)​ ​(3​ ​pts)​ ​a)​ ​What​ ​volume​ ​of​ ​0.050​ ​M​ ​HBr​ ​must​ ​be​ ​added​ ​100.0​ ​mL​ ​of​ ​0.010​ ​M​ ​NaOH​ ​to​ ​achieve​ ​a​ ​pH​ ​of
10.00?

Should​ ​add​ ​_______​ ​mL​ ​of​ ​0.050​ ​M​ ​HBr

Check​ ​your​ ​work​ ​using​ ​the​ ​virtual​ ​lab​ ​at​ ​http://chemcollective.org/vlab/vlab.php

b)​ ​The​ ​stockroom​ ​has​ ​1.00​ ​M​ ​NaOH.​ ​What​ ​volumes​ ​are​ ​needed​ ​to​ ​make​ ​100​ ​mL​ ​of​ ​0.0100​ ​M​ ​HBr?
____________​ ​mL​ ​ ​1.00​ ​M​ ​NaOH ___________mL​ ​Distilled​ ​water

c)​ ​The​ ​stockroom​ ​has​ ​3.00​ ​M​ ​HBr.​ ​What​ ​volumes​ ​are​ ​needed​ ​to​ ​make​ ​100​ ​mL​ ​of​ ​0.0500​ ​M​ ​HBr?

____________​ ​mL​ ​ ​3.00​ ​M​ ​HBr ___________mL​ ​Distilled​ ​water

d)​ ​Check​ ​that​ ​addition​ ​of​ ​the​ ​volume​ ​you​ ​determined​ ​in​ ​part​ ​a​ ​leads​ ​to​ ​a​ ​solution​ ​with​ ​pH​ ​=​ ​10.00.