Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kig2 Horvat
Kig2 Horvat
74
Abstract: The Ministry of Defence of the Republic graphic system with the indication of the differences
of Croatia started producing military topographic related to the inherited cartographic system.
maps that differ from the inherited cartographic
system in the projection, ellipsoid, and the manner 2. Standards for military
of designating the grid, format, margin contents
and scale system. Since the maps will be used for
topographic maps
purposes other than the military ones, the paper
The existing military topographic cartographic
looks back on essential characteristics in map
system is too large for being maintained in the up-
production in the new accepted cartographic
dated form, and it does not provide cartographic
system.
interoperability in the defence system that the Re-
Key words: military cartography, military maps, public of Croatia would like to achieve (Horvat et al.,
Croatia 1997).
In order to provide cartographic interoperability,
1. Introduction i.e. the adjustments of the Croatian military carto-
graphic system to the NATO military defence sys-
The Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia use tem, the Ministry of Defence initiated the production
topographic maps, general topographic maps, sea of topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000 (Level
navigational charts, aeronautical charts and other 2), 1:250 000 (Level 1), and of city maps at the scale
cartographic products in analogous and digital form of 1:25 000 (City maps).
that were made in the former system or have been
recently published. The following standards have been accepted in
the production of new military topographic maps of
The analogous topographic system consists of the Ministry of Defence:
topographic maps at the scales of 1:25 000,
1. Scale system and sheet format
1:50 000, 1:100 000 and 1:200 000, and general
topographic maps at the scales of 1:300 000 and 2. Mathematical basis: UTM projection,
1:500 000. ellipsoid WGS84
3. Military reference grid system
Till the moment when a new military topographic
and cartographic system will be made, existing mili- 4. Margin contents
tary topographic maps will be additionally equipped The above-mentioned standards (STANAG
with a new grid (UTM projection according to the Standardization Agreement) are the result of mu-
WGS84 data), and in the margin contents an ad- tual agreements among the member countries of
equate explanation is given for using this carto-
KiG 2003, 2 Vojni topografsko-kartografski sustav Republike Hrvatske
75
Saetak: Ministarstvo obrane RH zapoèelo je s 2. Norme za izradu vojnih
izradom vojnih topografskih karata koje se u topografskih karata
odnosu na naslijeðeni kartografski sustav razlikuju
u projekciji, elipsoidu, naèinu oznaèavanja u Postojeæi vojni topografsko-kartografski sustav
pravokutnoj mrei, formatu prikaza, izvanokvirnom glomazan je za odravanje u osuvremenjenom
sadraju i sustavu mjerila. Kako æe se karte, osim stanju i ne osigurava kartografsku interoperabilnost
za vojne, koristiti i u druge svrhe, u èlanku je dan u obrambenom sustavu kojem Republika Hrvatska
osvrt na bitne karakteristike izrade karata u tei (Horvat i dr. 1997).
novoprihvaæenom kartografskom sustavu.
Radi osiguranja kartografske interoperabilnosti,
Kljuène rijeèi: vojna kartografija, vojne karte, odnosno prilagodbe hrvatskoga vojnog karto-
Hrvatska grafskog sustava zapadnom sjevernoatlanskom
vojnom obrambenom sustavu (NATO), Ministarstvo
1. Uvod obrane zapoèelo je s izradom topografskih karata u
mjerilu 1:50 000 (Level 2), 1:250 000 (Level 1), te
U Oruanim snagama Republike Hrvatske u karata za podruèje gradova 1:25 000 (City maps).
uporabi su topografske karte, pregledne topografske Pri izradi novih vojnih topografskih karata
karte, pomorske karte, zrakoplovne karte i drugi Ministarstva obrane prihvaæene su sljedeæe norme:
kartografski proizvodi u analognom ili digitalnom
obliku, nastali u bivem sustavu ili novoizdani. 1. sustav mjerila i format listova
2. matematièka osnova: UTM-projekcija,
Analogni topografski sustav èine topografske elipsoid WGS 84
karte u mjerilu 1:25 000, 1:50 000, 1:100 000 i
3. vojna pravokutna mrea UTM-a
1:200 000 te pregledne topografske karte u mjerilu
1:300 000 i 1:500 000. 4. izvanokvirni sadraj.
Do izgradnje novog vojnog topografsko- Navedene norme (STANAG Standardization
kartografskog sustava na postojeæe vojne Agreement) rezultat su meðusobnih sporazuma
topografske karte dotiskuje se nova kartografska zemalja èlanica NATO-a. Vojne kartografske slube
mrea UTM-projekcije prema podacima WGS84, a èlanica Partnerstva za mir (PfP) prije ulaska u NATO
u izvanokvirnom sadraju daje se odgovarajuæe prihvaæaju njegove kartografske norme i prema njima
objanjenje za upotrebu toga kartografskog sustava izgraðuju kartografski sustav koji osigurava
i naznaèuju njegove razlike od naslijeðenoga kartografsku intertoperabilnost (MORH, 2001).
kartografskog sustava.
Military Topographic and Cartographic System of the Republic of Croatia KiG 2003, 2
NATO. Military cartographic agencies of the mem- sented on the sheet. The format of the map sheet at
ber countries of the Partnership for Peace (PfP) have the scale of 1:250 000 is 2° by the latitude and 1° by
to accept the cartographic standards of NATO in the longitude. Maps at the scales of 1:250 000 in
order to join it, and make a cartographic system that analogous form are made in two versions, ground
provides the cartographic interoperability (MORH, maps and aeronautical maps (STANAG 3600).
2001).
The division of the map sheet at the scale of
2.1 Scale System 1:250 000 into five rows and six columns results in
30 sheets at the scale of 1:50 000. The sheet for-
Military map system is made of maps at the scale mat is 20 by the longitude and 12 by the latitude.
of 1:1 000 000 (Level 0), 1:250 000 (Level 1) and
1:50 000 (Level 2). City maps will be made at the 2.2 Mathematical Basis
scale larger than 1:35 000 (City map) (STANAG
Military topographic maps that have been used
3710).
so far are made in the Gauss-Krüger projection with
The division of the International World Map at three-degree zones, on Bessels ellipsoid 1841, with
the scale of 1:1 000 000 is accomplished by the the Prime meridian of Greenwich. The meridians with
graticule of 4° latitude and 6° longitude. the longitudes of 15o and 18o are central meridians,
and the linear scale along the central meridian is
The division of the International World Map at
0.9999. The characteristics of the map projection
the scale of 1:1 000 000 into three columns and four
used in the inherited cartographic system have been
rows (Fig. 1) results in 12 sheets at the scale of
dealt with in detail in technical literature (Borèiæ
1:250 000.
76 1955a, Borèiæ 1955b, Borèiæ 1976, Peterca et al.
Individual sheets are marked with numbers from 1974, Jovanoviæ 1983).
1 to 12, by rows, starting from the North-West top in
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) pro-
the direction of East and South. The marking of map
jection is used according to the WGS84 data for the
sheets at the scale of 1:250 000 is supplemented
production of new military topographic maps. The
by the name of the most important city presented
characteristics of the projection can be found in
on the sheet, and by the names of countries pre-
NJ 29 NJ 34
NJ 30 NJ 31 NJ 32 NJ 33
36°
NH 29 NH 34
NH 30 NH 31 NH 32 NH 33
32°
NG 29 NG 34
NG 30 NG 31 NG 32 NG 33
28°
NF 29 NF 34
NF 30 NF 31 NF 32 NF 33
24°
-6° 24°
0° 6° 12° 18°
Fig. 1. The scheme of a part of the division on the International World Map at the scale of
1:1 000 000 into sheets and designation manner
Slika 1. Shema dijela podjele Meðunarodne karte svijeta u mjerilu 1:1 000 000 na listove i naèin
oznaèavanja
KiG 2003, 2 Vojni topografsko-kartografski sustav Republike Hrvatske
N N 500 km
500 km broj zone (34)
zone number (34)
84 31 84 32 33 34
° °
E P
e k v a t o r E 0mN
0°00' e q u a t o r 10 000 000 m N
3° 9° 15° 21°
srednji meridijan
central meridian
°
80
national and foreign literature apart from STANAG latitude. Each meridian zone has its own independ-
(Peterca et al. 1974, Franèula 2000, Lapaine 2000, ent system of grid coordinates with the point of origin
MORH 2001). in the cross section of the equator with the central
meridian of that particular zone. The coordinates
UTM grid zone is covered by two map sheets at
increase in the direction of the East and the North
the scale of 1:1 000 000.
(See Fig. 2).
The characteristics of this mathematical basis for
The horizontal coordinate axis is marked with the
the presentation of the territory of Croatia and the
letter E (East), and the vertical coordinate axis is
parts of neighbouring countries are as follows:
marked with the letter N (North). For the purpose of
q UTM grid zone: 33T and 34T avoiding the occurrence of negative values of the
q the zone width is 6° by longitude, where coordinate E, a constant of 500 000 m is added to
15° and 21° are central meridians for them. For the points positioned South of the equa-
Croatia (33 and 34 are zone numbers), and tor, a constant of 10 000 000 m is added to the co-
8° by latitude (row is T)
ordinate N.
q unit of measurement: meter
In this way, each coordinate system will have a
q abscissa axis: Equator point of origin for the Northern hemisphere (in me-
q ordinate axis: central meridian ters) 500 000 E, 0 N.
q linear scale along the central meridian is In polar areas (i.e. North of the 84° of Northern
0.9996
latitude and South of the 80° of Southern latitude)
q meridian convergence must be less than the Universal Polar Stereographic UPS is used.
78 5°. In this case, the point of origin is on the North (South)
The UTM grid system covers the area of the Earth pole, the axis in the direction South-North is the pro-
from 80° of Southern latitude to 84° of Northern jection of the 0° and 180° meridians, the axis in the
180°
-90° Y Z 90°
33T
0° 9° 21° 33°
84°
X X
72°
W 3°
W
64°
V V
56°
U U
48°
T T
40°
S S
32°
R R
24°
Q Q
16°
P P
8°
N N
0°
M M
-8°
L L
-16°
K K
-24°
J J
-32°
H H
-40°
G G
-48°
F F
-56°
-180°
-174°
-168°
-162°
-156°
-150°
-144°
-138°
-132°
-126°
-120°
-108°
-102°
-114°
102°
108°
120°
126°
132°
138°
144°
150°
156°
162°
168°
174°
180°
114°
-96°
-90°
-84°
-78°
-72°
-66°
-60°
-54°
-48°
-42°
-36°
-30°
-24°
-18°
-12°
12°
18°
24°
30°
36°
42°
48°
54°
60°
66°
72°
78°
84°
90°
96°
-6°
0°
6°
E E
-64°
D D
-72°
C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 C
-80°
0°
-90° A B 90°
180°
Fig. 3. Grid zone designation of the UTM military grid reference system
Slika 3. Oznake èetverokuta vojne pravokutne UTM-mree
KiG 2003, 2 Vojni topografsko-kartografski sustav Republike Hrvatske
Za izradu novih vojnih topografskih karata Pravokutni koordinatni sustavi UTM-a pokrivaju
upotrebljava se Univerzalna popreèna Mercatorova podruèje Zemlje izmeðu 80° june geografske irine
projekcija (Universal Transverse Mercator UTM) i 84° sjeverne geografske irine. Svaka meridijanska
prema podacima elipsoida WGS84. Karakteristike zona ima svoj samostalni sustav pravokutnih
prihvaæene projekcije mogu se, osim u STANAG- ravninskih koordinata s ishoditem u sjecitu
ima, naæi i u domaæoj i stranoj literaturi (Peterca i dr. ekvatora sa srednjim meridijanom te zone.
1974; Franèula 2000; Lapaine 2000; MORH 2001). Koordinate rastu u smjeru istoka i sjevera (vidi sliku
2).
Èetverokut UTM-a pokrivaju dva lista karte u
mjerilu 1:1 000 000. Vodoravna koordinatna os oznaèava se slovom
E (East = istok), a okomita koordinatna os oznaèava
Karakteristike te matematièke osnove za prikaz
se slovom N (North = sjever). Radi izbjegavanja
podruèja Hrvatske i dijelova susjednih drava su
pojavljivanja negativnih vrijednosti koordinata E,
sljedeæe:
pribraja im se konstanta od 500 000 m. Za toèke
q èetverokuti UTM-a: 33T i 34T koje se nalaze juno od ekvatora jo se koordinati
q irina zone iznosi 6°po geografskoj duini, N pribraja konstanta od 10 000 000 m.
gdje su za Hrvatsku 15° i 21° srednji
meridijani zone (33 i 34 su brojevi zona), te Na taj naèin svaki koordinatni sustav imat æe
8° po geografskoj irini (redak T) ishodite za sjevernu hemisferu (u metrima) 500 000
q mjerna jedinica: metar E, 0 N, a za junu 500 000 E i 10 000 000 N.
q os apscisa: ekvator U polarnim podruèjima (tj. sjevernije od 84°
sjeverne geografske irine i junije od 80° june
q os ordinata: srednji meridijan zone 79
geografske irine) upotrebljava se polarna
q linearno mjerilo na srednjem meridijanu stereografska projekcija (Universal Polar
iznosi 0,9996
Stereographic UPS). Tu je ishodite u sjevernom
q konvergencija meridijana mora biti manja (junom) polu, os u smjeru jugsjever tvore
od 5°.
Fig. 4. Marking system for the squares 100×100 km in the UTM military grid system (taken over from
STANAG 2211)
Slika 4. Prikaz oznaèavanja kvadrata 100×100 km u vojnoj pravokutnoj UTM-mrei (preuzeto iz
STANAG 2211)
Military Topographic and Cartographic System of the Republic of Croatia KiG 2003, 2
direction East-West is the projection of the 90° me- on maps. For the purposes of unambiguous identifi-
ridian. Both coordinates are added the constant of cation of points anywhere on the Earth, the UTM
200 km. military grid reference system has been adopted.
2.3 UTM Military Grid Reference System The area of the Earth between the 80° of South-
ern latitude and the 84° of the Northern latitude is
The identification of a point only by means of the divided into 60 North-South zones, each covering a
E and N coordinates is not unambiguous. The E strip 6° wide in longitude that is marked with a
coordinate approximately corresponds to the dis- number from 1 to 60 starting with the zone between
tance from the central meridian of the belonging 6° 180° and 174° West longitude and increasing East-
zone enlarged by 500 km, and the coordinate N is ward. Each zone is divided into 19 rows with the
characterized by the distance from the equator. The height of 8° in latitude, and the last Northern 20th
information about the six-degree zone and the posi- row has the height of 12° in latitude.
tion of point in respect to the equator is missing.
Each UTM grid zone is marked with a number
The specific use of maps for military purposes (zone) and a letter (row). The number of the zone is
gives an advantage to the presentation of the grid always given first, and then comes the letter for the
BR CR
UL VL WL XL YL
BQ CQ
UK VK WK XK YK
BP CP
UJ VJ WJ XJ YJ
BN CN
UH VH WH XH YH
100 km 100 km
BM CM
100 km
UG VG WG XG YG
15° 18°
Fig. 5. Labelling of the 100 000 meter squares of the UTM military grid at the territory of Croatia
Slika 5. Oznaèavanje kvadrata 100×100 km vojne UTM-mree na podruèju Hrvatske
KiG 2003, 2 Vojni topografsko-kartografski sustav Republike Hrvatske
meridijani 0° i 180°, os u smjeru istokzapad ui stupac je oznaèen s A, iduæih 6 potpunih (tj. u
meridijan 90°. I jednoj i drugoj koordinati pribraja se podruèju ekvatora) s B do G, iduæa dva rubna (drugi
konstanta od 200 000 m. je veæ u susjednom pojasu) s H i J. Na tri se
meridijanske zone znaèi, iscrpi cijela abeceda, a
2.3 Vojna pravokutna UTM-mrea poèevi iduæom zonom, oznaèavanje 100-
Identifikacija poloaja toèke samo pomoæu kilometarskih stupaca se ponavlja.
koordinata E i N nije jednoznaèna. Koordinata E Retci se oznaèavaju od ekvatora u smjeru
priblino odgovara udaljenosti od srednjeg sjevera. Retci u neparnim zonama (tj. 1, 3, 5 itd.)
meridijana pripadajuæe 6-stupanjske zone uveæanoj slovima od A do V, a zatim se redoslijed ponavlja.
za 500 km, a koordinata N karakterizira udaljenost Retci u parnim zonama (2, 4, 6 itd.) oznaèuju se
od ekvatora. Nedostaju informacije o tome u kojoj najprije od F do V, a zatim se ponavlja niz od A do V.
se 6-stupanjskoj zoni toèka nalazi.
Na slici 4 prikazan je naèin oznaèavanje kvadrata
Specifiènost upotrebe karata u vojne svrhe je u 100×100 km u vojnoj UTM-mrei, a na slici 5
tome to se daje prednost prikazu pravokutne prikazan je naèin oznaèavanja tih kvadrata na
koordinatne mree na kartama. U cilju jedno- podruèju Hrvatske.
znaènosti identifikacije toèaka bilo gdje na Zemlji
prihvaæena je vojna pravokutna mrea UTM-a. 2.4 Izvanokvirni sadraj
Podruèje Zemlje izmeðu 80° june irine i 84° Izvanokvirni sadraj je, za razliku od slubenih
sjeverne irine razdijeljeno je na 60 meridijanskih 6- karata, proiren prije svega uputama za odreðivanje
stupanjskih zona koje su poèevi od meridijana pravokutnih koordinata u vojnoj pravokutnoj UTM-
180° smjerom na istok oznaèene brojkama od 1 do mrei, pregledom glavnih kartografskih oznaka, 81
60. Svaka je zona u smjeru paralela razdijeljena na upotrijebljenim znakovima i kraticama te jo nekim
19 redaka visine 8°, a najsjeverniji 20-i redak je irine podacima (STANAG 3676). Taj tekst izvanokvirnog
12°. sadraja, osim na nacionalnom jeziku, napisan je i
na engleskome.
Svaki èetverokut oznaèen je brojem (zona) i
slovom (redak). Kao prvi uvijek se navodi broj zone, Izvanokvirni sadraj je sljedeæi:
druga je oznaka retka (Republika Hrvatska nalazi q oznaka vojne karte (serija, broj izdanja,
se u èetverokutima 33T i 34T). oznaka lista)
U polarnim podruèjima upotrebljavaju se slova q oznaka èetverokuta vojne UTM-mree
A, B, Y, Z. Svako je polarno podruèje podijeljeno na q oznake kvadrata 100×100 km vojne UTM-
dvije zone. Na slici 3 dan je prikaz èetverokuta vojne mree
pravokutne UTM-mree. q naputak za odreðivanje pravokutnih
Temelj vojne pravokutne UTM-mree tvore ravninskih koordinata toèaka u vojnoj UTM-
mrei s primjerom
kvadrati stranica 100 km. Poèevi od ekvatora u
smjeru sjevera i juga i od srednjeg meridijana na q priblina vrijednost konverzije geografskih
zapad i istok definiran je sustav kvadrata koordinata iz WGS84 u koordinate po
Besselu
100×100 km èije su stranice u ravnini projekcije
paralelne s projekcijom ekvatora i srednjeg q podatak o magnetskoj deklinaciji i
meridijana pripadajuæe zone. konvergenciji (zbliavanju) meridijana te
godinjoj promjeni magnetske deklinacije
Na taj æe naèin u podruèju ekvatora, s obzirom prikazano u stupnjevima i minutama
na irinu 6-stupanjskog meridijanskog pojasa (668 q podatak o ekvidistanciji
km), nastati u smjeru od srednjeg meridijana prema q grafièko mjerilo u km, miljama i jardima
rubovima tri potpuna 100-kilometarska kvadrata i dva
nepotpuna kvadrata na rubovima irine 34 km. Sa
suavanjem meridijanskih zona u smjeru polova 3. Odreðivanje koordinata objekata
zona sadri u hrvatskim geografskim irinama samo u vojnoj pravokutnoj UTM-mrei
4 potpuna kvadrata, rubni kvadrati su nepotpuni.
Naèin odreðivanja koordinata toèaka u vojnoj
Svaki kvadrat oznaèava se s dva slova, od kojih
pravokutnoj UTM-mrei takoðer je normiran. U
prvo slovo oznaèava stupac, a drugo redak.
uputama za izradu i upotrebu odgovarajuæega
Stupci se oznaèavaju poèevi od meridijana 180° kartografskog proizvoda detaljno je opisan naèin
u smjeru istoka slovima A do Z (bez I i O). Prvi rubni odreðivanja koordinata toèaka u vojnoj pravokutnoj
UTM-mrei (MORH, 2001).
Military Topographic and Cartographic System of the Republic of Croatia KiG 2003, 2
row (the Republic of Croatia is situated in the UTM grid, with an overview of cartographic signs, with
grid zones 33T and 34T). the signs and abbreviations used, and with some
other data (STANAG 3676). This text of marginal
The letters A, B, Y, Z are used in polar areas.
data is written in English, apart from the national
Each polar area is divided into two zones. Fig. 3
language.
gives the representation of spherical squares on the
military UTM grid. The marginal data are the following:
The military UTM grid is made of squares with q the designation of a military map (series,
the length of the sides of 100 km. Starting from the edition number, sheet index)
equator Northwards and Southwards and from the q the designation of the grid zone on the
central meridian Westwards and Eastwards, a UTM military grid
100 000 meter system of squares has been defined q the label of the 100 000 meter square in
with its sides in the projection plane parallel with the the UTM military grid system
projection of equator and the projection of the central q instructions for determining the grid-
meridian in the corresponding zone. coordinate of points in the UTM military
grid with an example
Regarding the width of the 6-degree meridian
zone (668 km), three complete 100 km squares and q approximate value of geographic coordi-
nate conversion in WGS84 into the
two incomplete squares (34 km wide) will be made. Bessels coordinates
With narrowing the meridian zones in the direction
of poles, the zone contains only 4 complete squares q the information about magnetic declination
and meridian convergence and the annual
in the Croatian latitudes, the edge squares are in- change of magnetic declination presented
82
complete. in degrees and minutes
Each square is marked with two letters, with the q equidistance of isolines
first letter marking the column, and the second mark- q graphic scale in km, miles and yards.
ing the row.
The columns are marked starting with the 180° 3. Determination of object
meridian Eastwards with the letters from A to Z (with- coordinates in the UTM military
out I and O). The first narrower edge column is
grid
marked with A, and the next 6 complete (i.e. in the
area of the equator) with B to G, the next two edge
The manner of determining the coordinates of
columns (the other one is already in the neighbour-
points in the military UTM grid is also standardized.
ing zone) with H and J. The whole alphabet is thus
The manner of determining the coordinates of points
used for three meridian zones, and starting with the
in the military UTM grid is given in details in the in-
next zone, the marking of 100 km columns is re-
structions for the production and usage of a certain
peated.
cartographic product (MORH, 2001).
Rows are marked from the equator Northwards.
Complete information about the coordinates of a
The rows in odd zones (i.e. in the zones 1, 3, 5 etc.)
point consists of:
are marked with letters from A to V, and then using
the sequence of these letters, the rows in even zones q the designation of a grid zone number,
letter (e.g. 33T);
(2, 4, 6 etc.) starting with the first one from F to V,
and the next one already from A to V. q the label of the 100 000 meter square
two letters (e.g. WL);
The Fig. 4 represents the way of labelling the
q point coordinates in the 100 000 meter
100 000 meter squares in the UTM military grid sys- square with the requested accuracy
tem, and on Fig. 5 we can see the way of labelling numerical data.
the 100 000 meter squares of the UTM military grid
The first half of a series of numbers gives the
at the territory of Croatia.
coordinate in the horizontal direction E (Eastwards
2.4 Marginal contents from the Western perpendicular 100 000 meter
square side), the other half gives the coordinates in
The marginal data are, unlike on official maps,
the vertical direction N (Northwards from the South-
supplemented first of all with the instructions for
ern horizontal 100 000 meter square side).
determining the grid coordinates in the military UTM
KiG 2003, 2 Vojni topografsko-kartografski sustav Republike Hrvatske
Potpuni podatak koordinata neke toèke sastoji se Prva polovica niza brojeva daje koordinatu u
od: vodoravnom smjeru E (na istok od zapadne
q oznake èetverokuta broj, slovo (na primjer okomite stranice kvadrata 100×100 km), druga
33T); polovica daje koordinate u okomitom smjeru N
q oznake kvadrata 100×100 km dva slova (na sjever od june vodoravne stranice kvadrata
(npr. WL); 100×100 km).
q koordinate toèke u kvadratu 100×100 km s 83
traenom toènoæu preostali numerièki
podaci.
Fig. 6. Segment of the map at the scale of 1:25 000 Rakov potok (320-4-1)
Slika 6. Isjeèak karte mjerila 1:25 000 Rakov potok (320-4-1)
Military Topographic and Cartographic System of the Republic of Croatia KiG 2003, 2
The coordinates are given with following accu- 6. Estimation of object distance from the
racy: defined full kilometre with an accuracy of
84 10 m.
at 1 km e.g. 1497
The coordinates of the selected point are 33T
at 100 m e.g. 144967
WL 6682 5348.
at 10 m e.g. 14399672
at 1 m e.g. 1438696724
4. Conclusion
The manner of determining the coordinates of
objects in the military UTM grid is given on the seg- The production of a new Croatian military topo-
ment of the map at the scale 1:25 000 Rakov potok graphic and cartographic system is a long-term proc-
320-4-1 (Fig. 6). The procedure for determining the ess. One of essential tasks of this system is to pro-
position of a selected point is the following: vide cartographic interoperabilities.
1. Determination of the UTM grid zone Providing cartographic interoperability does not
2. Determination of the designation of the encompass only the production of standard carto-
belonging 100 000 meter square graphic products. This system also includes the pro-
3. Determination of the full kilometre duction of adequate instructions for the usage of new
Eastwards from the Western edge of the products and education of users. Civil geodetic and
belonging 100 000 meter square cartographic potentials, apart from military carto-
4. Estimation of object distance from the graphic service, will also be included to a great ex-
defined full kilometre with an accuracy of tent, especially in the field of fundamental research
10 m and the establishment of updated topographic
5. Determination of the full kilometre databases in the process of establishing carto-
Northwards from the Southern edge of the graphic interoperability.
corresponding 100 000 meter square
KiG 2003, 2 Vojni topografsko-kartografski sustav Republike Hrvatske
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