ADDIS ABAB UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

CENTER OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY REPORT

COURSE NUMBER: ECEG 2205

EXPERIMENT NO.: 2

Title: Regulated DC Power Supply

Group members ID.NO.

1. Abiy Sibhat ATR/9215/10
2. Awol Demlie ATR/8125/10
3. Daniel Yilma ATR/1213/10
4. Bereketab Demelash ATR/4777/10
5. Sisay zewede ATR/9432/10
6. Zemenu Begosew ATR/3130/10
7. Kefale Aytegeb ATR/1755/10

Date of experiment: 22-04-2012

Date of submission: 01-05-2012
OBJECTIVE
Is to Test a dc power supply circuit with an RC-filter

USED EQUIPMENT
NO. Description Code/lab reference Quantity
1 Taped transformer - 1
(leybold power supply)

2 Oscilloscope - 1
3 Multi-meter - 1
4 Decade resistance - 1

USED COMPONENTS
NO. Description Type Quantity
1 Resistor 4
2 Diode 4
3 Zener Diode 1
4 capacitor 2

THEORY:
In most electrical power generation stations, power is usually generated in the
form of alternating current (AC) this is due to its relatively cheaper cost and its
importance in industrial machines. However, when it comes to lower scale electrical
devices that are used in our homes like televisions, Computers, Radios, etc., they can
only operate on a constant Direct Current supply (DC) and since generating DC on a wide
commercial scale is very expensive, another method had to be devised to obtain the
required DC voltage from the supplied AC Voltage and integrate this mechanism into the
circuitry of this devices.
This important process usually involves the following sequential steps:
Input AC waveform => Rectification=> Filtering=> Regulation=>Output DC
The Process of generating a DC source begins with the Rectification phase, one of the
most important properties of the semiconductor diode is that of rectification, which permits the
conversion of AC voltages and currents to DC voltages and currents. Diode rectifiers can be of
the half‐wave type, or they can be full‐wave. Full‐wave rectifiers can be constructed in a
conventional two‐diode configuration, or in a bridge configuration. Diode rectifiers are an
essential part of DC power supplies and are usually employed in conjunction with filter
capacitors to obtain a relatively smooth DC voltage waveform. In addition to rectification and
smoothing, it is also necessary to regulate the output of a DC power supply; Zener diodes
accomplish this task by holding a constant voltage when reverse‐biased above the Zener voltage.
 Procedure:

Experiments done like the following pictures

1. First we have done like the first picture above and perform the questions and have some
data on it
2. Then we have done the bridge rectifier circuit shown like in the above 3 picture
3. Using a multi-meter, we have checked the current passing through
4. Using a capacitor, we have checked the rectification and filtration
5. Using oscilloscope, we collect a graphical change data

Results:
After completing the laboratory session, the determined results have been tabulated, the data
collected is:
5.12
Without filter circuit: Ripple AC Voltage: 4.4V, DC Value = 1.6V
With Capacitive filter circuit: Ripple AC Voltage: 1.2V, DC Value = 3.6V
5.1.4
A. AC = 3.8V, DC = 2.2 V B. AC = 1V, DC = 3 V C. IC1=0.05*4.8= 0.24A, IC=0.23 A
5.2.2
AC = 4V, DC = 2 V, frequency = (1/0.01) = 100Hz = 2* input frequency (50Hz)
5.2.3
AC = 0.36V, DC = 3.8 V
5.2.4
DC = 3.8V, AC = 0.32 V
5.2.5
AC = 0.18V, DC = 3.8 V
5.3.1
• The network for the procedure was set up so that the voltage‐current relationship of the zener
diode from Iz = 0 to 200mA
V 3V 3.26 3.41 3.52 3.6 3.67 3.72 3.76 3.8 3.84
mA 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
5.3.3
Ammeter Reading: 47.7 mA, Voltage reading 6.67V
5.3.4
Diode current: 32mA
E1: AC=0.8V, DC = 5.6 E2: AC =0.2V, DC = 3.6 V
5.3.5 Where C2//C2
E1: AC=0.46V DC=5.6V E2: AC= 0.51V, DC=3.6 V
Where C2//Zener Diode
E1: AC = 0.8V, DC=5.6V E2: AC = 0.09V, DC=3.6 V
5.3.6 When Rx = 0, I = 63.2 mA, and when Rx = 1KΩ, I = 7.1mA
5.3.7
E2 Rx = 200Ω VDC = 3.6V I = 17 mA
E2 Rx = 400Ω VDC = 4V I = 11.6mA
E2 Rx = 600Ω VDC = 3.6V I = 9.2 mA
E2 Rx = 800Ω VDC = 3.6V I = 7.9 mA
E1 Rx = 0 Ω (Open Circuit) VDC = 5.6V I = 63.2 mA
E1 Rx = 600 Ω VDC = 5.6V I = 7.1 mA
5.3.8
AC Value = 4V, DC = 2.6V

Conclusion:

Upon completion of the laboratory session, many observations were made; these
observations have been dealt with here under their own subheading.
Observations made about Applications of rectifying diodes
Since rectifying diodes operate in the forward biased situation they allow the positive
phase of the sinusoidal input through them, but after that, when the negative phase begins, they
become reverse biased and therefore stop operating and start acting like open circuits to the
system, therefore, by utilizing this special properties of rectifying diodes and arranging them in
special predetermined positions, the negative phase of the sinusoidal input
can be clipped off in both the Half‐Wave and Full‐Wave rectifying networks.

Observations made about importance of Capacitors.

 Once an alternating voltage has been rectified and rid off of the negative voltages, a
waveform similar to this is obtained.

And even though this process takes a huge step forward in modifying the AC input, it can
be observed that it is not a straight line DC, since it contains AC component bumps (Ripples),
and the main purpose of connecting capacitors in parallel to the bridge network is to apply the
transient property of capacitors to further modify the rectified wave into a more linear
approximated form. It is this process that we refer to as Filtering.

Errors encountered during the procedure:

 The leads are not of Zero Resistance; this is because of factors like: Temperature change,
corrosion, etc…
 The Ammeter used was an analog device; therefore readings are perceptible to be
misconstrued. And also
continuous mistreatment of the device leads to incorrect readings in the future.
 When we were trying to connect the bridge we damaged the diodes. And then the
instructor showed us how to connect the bridge