The Author and the Introduction to “A Discussion on the Genesis of Porphyry

Copper Deposits” (translated by XIaodong Sun)

Du Qi: Professor level senior engineer. He graduated from the Sun Yat-sen
University Department of Philosophy, the Department of Geology of Tsinghua
University, and the Graduate School of Beijing College of Geology. Through
learning and education, he had a solid foundation in the language of Chinese,
English, Russian, as well as the professions of math, physics and chemistry and
geology. He spent his lifetime and is an expert in geological prospecting and
exploration, mining development and mineral deposits research

His article on “the Geological mineralization characters of Duobaoshan copper

deposit” is elected as one of the 250 best projects in the past 30 years in China
geological society. It was awarded in China as well as in Hei Long Jiang province.
“"The genetic model of the Duobaoshan porphyry copper deposit," was
presented in 1982 in the sixth symposium on genesis of ore deposits, and was
published in German 1984 on the “Proceeding of the Sixth Quadrennial IAGOD
Sgmposium pp305-314”. The project that he managed : “general exploration of
Duobaoshan Copper deposit” received the 1st level award from the Chinese
Minister of Geology. His book “Geology of Duobaoshan porphgry copper deposit”
is a systematic collection of his first hand experience exploring in the field for
over 30 years. Base on extensive facts, he brought up the theory of “Formation of
deposits with multiple favorable ore-controlling factors”. After a comprehensive
research, he reached the following conclusions:

1、The propilitization zone of ore field is copper reducing zone. Roughly estimate
from the propititigalion zone brings out 100 million tons of copper.

2、Prove that in the propilitization stage rock water seepage from the surface
down into the low pressure of the magma chamber

3、Under Passive magma emplacement in the negative pressure conditions,

there will be a wide-ranging of slow siphonic effect from the magma without
solidification on its wall rock contact, which absorb some metal complexes as
well as dissolved mineralizer in water .

4、In its activity center at the top (and porphyry deposit site), often multi-
phase long-term bottom-up magmatic hydrothermal activity, which formed the
alteration and mineralization

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5、Copper occurs in the biotite zone of the transformation generated by
superposition of a strong sub-zone in sericitization

6、
The main line of Duobaoshan ore field more research work is basically tectonic
history of the development of the mining area, runs through the whole process of
magma and hydrothermal activity. Accordingly to the structural analysis, the ore
field is located within the North West structure belt to the major structural zone in
the North East region. In the ore field to the west suffered a north-south fault of
drag, so that the ore field form into a twisting arc tectonic belt; the Arc-shaped
structure has two turns, the one is Duobaoshan deposit No. Ⅹ large copper body,
and the other is No. Ⅱ Tongshan largest copper body; The middle part of the
formation of a number of flying geese right out of the copper belt; these ore
bands are closely surrounding the distribution of porphyry.

7、

Research and systematic observation through the use of ore-forming

experiments confirmed that the natural sulfides are generated from hydrothermal
sulphate with a sudden step-down in the environment pressure.

The book was reviewed by several members of Chinese academy of sciences in

march 5 1986, including Guo Wenkui, Song Suhe, and Zhang Bingjia (The Vice
Chairman of the International Society of Geology Science). They regard it “Base
on the multi-year of Geological work, the full summary on a lot of first-hand
information, and go up to the theoretical understanding of the basic law of
mineralization” “ It is recommended as an excellent article on study of
oredeposits to file in the national bureau of Geology department and the Science
department of Hei Long Jiang province”. Its abstract was reduced into an article
in 2003, which was cited over 30 times and awarded over 20 times.

On the initial book, there are many new explorations since its publication; the
original book is too lengthy and not convenient to us; some theory is not
described with focus; there is a lack of the practice for ore exploration; and there
is a lack of overall view with limitation on Duobaoshan copper deposit., As a
result, the author start the 2nd book in 2008 “ A Discussion on the Genesis of
Porphyry Copper Deposits”

The new edition has the following characters:

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 1. A comprehensive and systematic citation of the original theory on
copper deposit formation and the practical data.
2. Correction on the Textbooks for the past hypothetical diagenesis and
mineralization theory with the facts
3. Demonstrated that the porphyry copper ore-forming is not magma
itself in the isolated system formed by the crystallization differentiation
4. Explained the evolution of magmatic hydrothermal system is an
extremely complex process
5. The formation of magmatic hydrothermal deposits, in particular the
formation of large ore deposits are often the results of favorable in-
corporation of multiple geologic factors.
6. The use of ore-forming theory can effectively guide the practice of
prospecting

This concise monograph not only solved the theory of magmatic hydrothermal
mineralization of a number of major issues, but also provides a theoretical basis
for geological prospecting. The guidance of the new Mineralization theory often
makes new breakthroughs in the prospecting work. The expansion on resources
of the Duobaoshan is a good example, where the copper resource increase from
200,000 tons to 8 million tons, with accommodating gold increase to 200 tons,
Mo to 400,000 tons and 187Os to 5 tons.