SECTION 3 FORM B SECTION 3 VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION ‘Time — 45 minutes "This section is designed to measure your comprehension of standard written English, There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type. jections: In questions 1-30 each sentence has an underlined word ar phrase. Below each sentence are four other words oF ‘phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). You are to choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number ofthe question and fill in the space that corresponds tothe leter you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the circle cannot be seen, Example ‘Sample Answe Passenger ships and sieraft are often equipped with ship-to-shore or ai-to-land ®2eea radio telephones. (A) highways * @B)rilroads (© planes (D) sailboats ‘The best answer is (C) because “Passenger ships and planes are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radio telephones” is closest in meaning to the original sentence. Therefore, you should choose answer (C). Now begin work on the questions. 1. Germination of seeds begins with the absorption of 4, The American Medical Association has water, the swelling of the whole seed, and the called for the sport of boxing to be banned. ccacking of the seed coat (A) forbidden (A) outer (B) regulated (B) entire (© studied (wet (D) reorganized (D) stift 5. The Little Foxes, a drama by Lillian Hellman, was 2. Imonder to understand the concept of infinity, we first produced in New York in 1939, must think in much broader terms than we are accustomed to. (A) play (B) novel (A) used to (©) musical {B) able to (D) dance (©) confronted with {D) aware of 6. The policy of separation of church and state has limited direct government support of private schools 3. The home of Helen Keller was a crossroads where in the United States people gathered to discuss ar, polities, and the state of the world. (A) restricted (B) reversed (A) huge rural estate (© demanded (B) quiet refuge (D) imposed (C) central meeting place Go 10 the next page (D) national monument 20SECTION 3 1 9, 10, Inthe twentieth century new drugs have mazkedly improved health throughout the world (A) recently (B} consistently (©) supposedly (D) noticeably A scismograph is a device designed to ‘measure vibrations of the ground. (A) an instrument (B) atelescope (C) an element (D) avehicle Before the advent of synthetic fibers, people had to rely entirely on natural products for making fabrics, (A) modern (B) flexible (© colored (D) antficial Among the men and women who reshaped the ‘American working class during the early 1900s, there ‘were many who were not members of labor unions. (A) challenged the rights of (B) criticized the views of (C) imerviewed the leaders of (D) changed the character of |. Surveying is the science of calculating exact distances ‘and directions between points on the Earth's surface. (A) precise {B) local ©) obscure (D) great ‘The Paul Bunyan tales of the American timber county are a form of comic overstatement. (A) exaggeration (B) folk song (©) storytelling () relief at FORM B 13, In 1897 President Grover Cleveland vetoed an immigration bill that required & literacy test (A) reading and writing (B) standard intelligence (© current affairs (D) physical and mental health 14, Although its takeoff in Aprit 1981 was beset with elays, the space shuttle Columbia retumed triumphantly two days later from its mission in the Barth's orbi (A) staff ) rescue (©) funding (D) launching 15. In the first decades of the twentieth contury, the individual gene could not be seen, but ‘could be worked with fruitfully, (A) blindly (B) completely (©) productively (D) carefully 16. ‘The song “Yankee Doodle” was originally sung by British troops to ridicule the American colonists, A) give inspiration to (B) make fun of (Chemertain (D) discourage 17. Bone and ivory are light, strong, and gecessible ‘materials for Inuit artists (A) beautiful (B) economical (© available (D) natural 18. Ants follow scent trails so precisely ‘hat they can locate their nests without hesitation, (a) build (B) find (clean orn Go to the next pageSECTION 3 19, Jane Addams’ participation in the Progressive ‘movement was far-reaching, embracing such causes 4 child-labor legislation and housing reforms, (A) timely (B) voluntary (©) extensive (D) admirable 20, The difference between the polar and ‘equatorial diameters of Mars has not been unequivocally determined. (A) easily (B) definitely (© conventionally (D) arithmetically 21, In early New England, bachelors were required to live with families (A) schoolteachers (8) college students (©) unmarried men (©) ministers 22, ‘The wostom slopes ofthe mountains ofthe Sietra Nevada Range are deeply incised by ‘numerous streams. (A) fed yeu (©)flooded () distended 23. As aresult of his pioneering work with Louis, ‘Azmastrong in the late 1920s, Barl Hines has bee called the father of modern jazz piano, (A) professional (B) artistic (©) excellent (D) original 24. ‘The significance of magazines among contemporary ‘media is sometimes grossly underestimated because of television's seeming dominance. (A) greatly (B) easily © possibly «D) graphically 26. 2. 28. 29. 30, FORM B A former state senator who preached judicial restraint, Sandra Day O'Connor was expected to align herself with conservatives when she was appointed fo the ‘United States Supreme Cour. (A) advocated (B) questioned (C) practiced (D) admired Because the sale of bonds is a convenient means of raising capital, corporations often issue bonds as well as stocks. (A) as good as (B) as substitutes for (C) in addition to (D) instead of ‘Whether the gant panda belonged tothe ber or raccoon fries was & mater of zoological contention for years (A) controversy (B) confusion (©) enterprise (D) examination “Academic freedom” is aterm that refers primarily to the right 10 teach what one believes to be the truth, (A) an argument (B) aclause (© an expression (D) a privilege ‘The motion picture originated when a series of still photographs were spliced and viewed in rapid ‘succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity, (A) reduced (B) joined (C) revised (D) tinted Margaret Mead’s reputation was established with the publication of her first book in 1928 and was ‘enhanced by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology. (A) obscured (B) entranced (C)heightened (D) restored Goto the next pageSECTION 3 FORM B Directions: In the rest of this section you will read several passages. Bach one is followed hy several questions about it, For Questions 31-60, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. ‘Then, on your answer shect find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the bess of what s stated or implied in that passage. Read the following passage: ‘The rattes with which a rattlesnake warns of its presence are formed by loosely interlocking hollow rings of hard skin, which make a buzzing sound When its tail is shaken. As a baby, the snake begins to form its ratles from Line the button atthe very tip ofits tal. Thereafter, each time it sheds its skin, (3) Tormed. Popular belief holds that a snake's age can be told by ‘counting the rings, but this idea is fallacious. In fact, a snake may lose its old skin as often as four times a year. Also, rattles tend to wear or break off with time. Example 1 Sample Answer A tattlesnake’s rattles are made of @eaoo (A) skin (B) bone ' (© wood | (D) moscle According to the passage, a raitlesnake’s rattles are made out of rings of hard skin. Therefore, you should i ‘choose answer (A). f Example IL wer ‘How often does a rattlesnake shed its skin’? (A) Once every four years (B) Once every four months (© Up to four times every year (D) Four times more often than other snakes The passage states that “a snake may lose its old skin as often as four times a year.” Therefore, you should ‘choose answer (C). Now begin work on the questions. Go to the next pageSECTION 3 FORM B ‘Questions 31.35 Scientists estimate that about 35,000 other objects, too small to detect with radar but detectable with powerful Barth-based telescopes, are also circling the Barth at an altitude of 200 to 700 miles. This debris poses little danger to us on the Earth, but since itis traveling at Line average relative speeds of six miles per second, it can severely damage expensive equipment in (5) acollision. This threat was dramatized by a cavity one-eighth of an inch in diameter created in ‘a window of a United States space shuttle in 1983. The pit was determined to have been caused by a collision with a speck of paint traveling at a speed of about two to four miles per second. The window had to be replaced. ‘As more and more nations put satelite into space, the risk of collision can only increase, | (10) Measures are already being taken to control the growth of orbital debris. The United States | thas always required its astronauts to bag their wastes and return them to Earth, ‘The United States Air Force has agreed to conduct low- altitude rather than high-altitude tests of objects it pus into space so debris from tests will reenter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up. Extra shielding will also reduce the risk of damage. For example, 2,000 pounds of additional (U5) shielding is being considered for each of six space-station crew modules. Further, the European Space Agency, an international consortium, is also looking into preventive measures, 31. It can be inferred from the passage 34. Which of the following questions is that debris was harmful to one of the NOT answered by the information in space shuttles because the debris was the passage?” (a) large (A) How can stnall objects orbiting, (B) moving very fast the Barth be seen? (© radioactive (B) What is being done to prevent (D) burning uncontrollably ‘orbital debris from increasing? (©) Why is the risk of damage to 32, What effect did orbital debris have on space equipment likely to increase? cone of the space shuttles? (D) When did the United States Air Force begin making tests in space? (A) Itremoved some of the paint, (B) It damaged one of the windows. © 35, Where in the passage does the writer ' (©) It caused a loss of altitude. mention a method of protecting space {D) It ed to a collision with a space station vehicles against damage by space debris? 33, The word “them” in line 11 refers to (A Lines 3% which of the following? (B) Lines 6-8 (O)Line 9 (A) Astronauts (D) Lines 13-15 (B) Wastes OTests (D) Crew modules Go 10 the next page 24SECTION 3 westions 36-42 36, 37. 38, Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called pplankion. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to sce. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals. Line Plankton bas been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land (5) continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however, plankton far ‘outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the wosld produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea's plunkion generates more than (wice as much. Despite its enormous food potential, litte effort was made until recently o farm plankton (20) as we farm grasses on land, Now, marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population, [No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is, (U5) gaining considerable interest among marine scientists, (One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny sbrimplike creature called krill, Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the Iarzest animal ever to inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow (o 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, itis not surprising that each one devours (20) more than one ton of krill daily. Krill swim about just below the sucface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as a solid redkish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food value, A pound of these cenistaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they (25) are related. If the krill can feed such huge creatures as wiiales, many scientists reason, they must certainly be contenders as a new food source for humans. Which of the following statements best decribes the organization ofthe passage? (A) The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source, (B) The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton, (©) The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of carbohydrate (D) The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then moves to ‘a specific example. According to the passage, why is plankton considered tobe more valuable than land grasses? (A) is easier to cultivate, (B) I produces more carbohydrates. (©) Iedoes not require soil (D) Ibis more palatable ‘Why does the author mention “planktonburgers” inline 13 7 (A) To deseribe the appearance of one type of plankton (B) Toillustrate how much plankton a whale consumes (©) To suggest plankton as a possible food source (D) To compare the food values of beef and plankton 39, Bluo whales have been known to weigh how ‘muich at maturity’? (A) One ton (B) Forty tons (©) One hundred and fifty tons (D) Four hundred and sixty tons 40, What is mentioned as one distinguishing Feature of kill? (A) They are the smallest marine animals. (B) They are pink in color. (© They are similar in size to lobsters, (D) They have grasslike bodies, 41, ‘The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a human food souree EXCEPT that itis (A) high in food value (B) in abundant supply in the oceans (C) an appropriate food for other animals (D) free of chemicals and pollutants 42, Where in the passage does the author first compare plankton to land grasses? (A) Lines 2-3 B) Lines 4.5 (©) Lines 13-14 (D) Lines 16-17 Go to the next page FORM Bte SECTION 3 Questions 43- 48 43, 44, 45 Line 3) 0) us) (20) ‘What isthe main idea of the passage? ‘The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an emtirely new phenomenon. What is nevis the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation, A few tial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960s, but it was in the 1970s, with strong goverament support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. ‘One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Fancuil Hall and the Quiney Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse ofthese fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson, He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking. Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, ‘commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware ‘warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights. San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. ‘Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio's leaders rchabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district. (A) During the 1970s, old buildings in many (A) In the eighteenth century cities were recycled for modern use (B) In the eatly nineteenth century (B) Recent interest in ecology issues has Ted (© Inthe late nineteenth century to the cleaning up of many. rivers. (D) In the early twentieth century (C) The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay. 47. What isthe author's opinion of the (D) Strong government support has made ‘San Antonio project? adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston ‘What isthe space at Quiney Market now used for? (A) Boston’s new city hall (A) Itis clearly the best of the projects discussed. (B) Itis a good project that could be copied in other cities, (©) The extensive use of bulldozers made the project, (B) Sports and recreational facilities unnecessarily costly (©)Commercial and industrial warchouses (D) Restaurants, offices, and stores (D) The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings. According to the passage, Benjamin 48, The passage states that the San Antonio project ‘Thompson was the designer for a project in differed from those in Boston and Minneapolis in ‘which of the following ways? {A) San Francisco {B) Boston (A) It consisted primarily of new construction (©) Minneapolis (B) It occured in the business district. (D) San Antonio (© Itinvolved the environment as well as buildings. (D) It was designed to combat urban decay. Go to the next page FORM B 46, When was the Butler Square building originally built?SECTION 3 Questions 49-56 49. 50. sl 52, FORM B The classic Neanderthals, who lived between about 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, shared a ‘number of special characteristics. Like any biological population, Neanderthals also showed variation in the degree to which those characteristics were expressed. Generally, they were Line powerfully built, short and stocky, with the lower parts of their arms and legs short in relation (5) to the upper parts, as in modem peoples who live in cold environments, Neanderthal skulls ‘were distinctive, housing brai even larger on average than those of modern humans, a feature that may have had more to do with thei large, heavy bodies than with superior intelligence, Seen from behind, Neanderthal skulls look almost spherical, but from the sie they are long and flattened, often with a bulging back. 7) ‘The Neanderthal face, dominated by a projecting and full nose, differed clearly from the faces of other hominids; the middle parts appear to be pulled forward (or the sides pulled back), resulting in a rather streamlined face shape. This peculiarity may have been related t© the greater importance (jn cultural activities as well as food processing) of the front teeth, which ae large and part of a row of teeth that lies well forward in the head; it may reflect a (5) reduction in importance of certain jaw muscles operating atthe sides of the face; or it may reflect an adaptation to cold. Whether it results from any or all ofthese three Factors or from other, uundiscvered causes, this midfacial projection is so characteristic that it unfailingly identifies a Neanderthal tothe trained eye. Neanderthal teeth are much more difficult to characterize: the front teeth are large, with strong roots, but the back teeth may be relatively small. This feature ‘may have been an adaptation to cope with heavy tooth wear, ‘What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The eating habits of the Neanderthals (B) A comparison of various prehistoric population (C) The physical characteristics of the Neanderthals (D) The effect of climate on human development ‘The author describes the Neanderthal as being all of the following EXCEPT (A) short (B) swift (©) strong (D) stocky Which of the following most likely accounts for the fact that the Neanderthal brain was larger than that of the modern human? (A) The relatively large size of the Neanderthal’s body (B) The superior intelligence of the Neanderthal (©) The swelling behind the Neanderthal's head (D) The Neanderthal’s midfacial projection ~ ‘Where in the passage does the author specifically stress the contrast between the Neanderthal face and that of other biologically related populations? (A) Lines 1-4 (B)Lines 7-9 (©) Lines 10-11 (D) Lines 18-20 53, 54, 55, 36. Which of the following explanations is NOT cited as 1 possible explanation of the Neanderthal’s streamlined face shape? (A) Some jaw muscles had limited use, (B) The facial features were well adapted to the cold. (C) The front teeth were particularly important. {D) The nose was set far back in the skull. ‘The phrase “the trained eye” in line 18 most likely refers to which of the following professionals? (A) An optometrist, (B) A dentist (© An anthropologist (D) A photographer In line 20, the author uses the expression “heavy tooth ‘wear” to imply that the Neanderthals (A) had unusually heavy teeth (B) used their (eeth extensively (©) regularly pulled out their teth (D) used teeth for omamentation ‘The paragraph following this passage most probably discusses (A) other features of the Neanderthal anatomy (B) cave paintings of prehistoric time (©) flora and fauna of 70,000 years ago (D) difficulties in preserving fossils Go to the next pageSECTION 3 Questions $7.60 FORM B Television was not invented by any one person, Nor did it spring into being overnight. I \ volved gradually, over along period, from the ideas of many pcople—cach one building on \ the work of their predecestors. The process began in 1873, wien it was accidentally discovered | “Line that the electrical resistance ofthe element selenium veried in proportion to the intensity ofthe (5) light shining ont. Scientists quickly recognized that this provided a way of transforming light tions into electrical signals. Almost immediately a numberof schemes were proposed for Sending pictures by wire ct was, of course, before radio}. (One ofthe east ofthese schemes was pattemed on the human eye. Suggested by G.R. Carey in 1875, itenvisioned a mosaic of selenium cells on which the picture tobe transmitted (10) would be focused by a ens system. Atthe receiving end there would bea similaly arranged mosaic made up of electic lights. Each selenium cell would be connected by an individual wire othe similarly placed Fight in the receiving moss, Light falling onthe seleniuin cell would | cause the associated eletic light to shine in proportion, Thus the mosaic of lights would | reproduce the orginal picture, Ha the necessary amplifiers andthe righ kind of lights besn \ (25) available, this system would have worked, But it also would have required an impractical | number of connecting wires, Carey recognized this and in a second scheme proposed to “sean” i the cells—transmitting the signal from each cell to its associated light, in turn, over a single wire. If this were done fast enough te retentive power ofthe eye would cause the resultant image to be seen asa complete picture. 57. Which of the following is the best title forthe passage? 59, An important discovery in early television ‘was the electrical resistance of | | ! | | (A) The Art of Television (A) mossies 7 (B) Television inthe Electronic Era (B) the human eye (©) Harmful Effects of Television Viewing (©) lenses (D) First Steps in the Invention of Television In line 1 of the passage, the word “being” could best be replaced by which ofthe following? (A) place (B) existence (O) creature (D) subsistence (D) the element selenium (60. Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why the first scheme for television that is described in the passage was abandoned? (A) The overall expense was prohibitive, {B) The proper lights were unavailable (C) The number of wires needed was too large. (D) The novessary amplifiers were unevailable STOP ‘THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 3. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ‘ON SECTION 3 ONLY. DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. | |