TEST

I. Read the text and do the task after it.

Ada Lovelace was the daughter of the poet Lord Byron. She was taught by
Mary Somerville, a well-known researcher and scientific author, who introduced
her to Charles Babbage in June 1833. Babbage was an English mathematician, who
first had the idea for a programmable computer.
In 1842 and 1843, Ada translated the work of an Italian mathematician,
Luigi Menabrea, on Babbage's Analytical Engine. Though mechanical, this
machine was an important step in the history of computers; it was the design of a
mechanical general-purpose computer. Babbage worked on it for many years until
his death in 1871. However, because of financial, political, and legal issues, the
engine was never built. The design of the machine was very modern; it anticipated
the first completed general-purpose computers by about 100 years.
When Ada translated the article, she added a set of notes which specified in
complete detail a method for calculating certain numbers with the Analytical
Engine, which have since been recognized by historians as the world's first
computer program. She also saw possibilities in it that Babbage hadn't: she realised
that the machine could compose pieces of music. The computer programming
language 'Ada', used in some aviation and military programs, is named after her.

Are the following statements true or false?

1) Ada Lovelace's teacher introduced her to Charles Babbage.
True False
2) The Analytical Engine was electronic.
True False
3) Babbage finished the machine before he died.
True False
4) Babbage's design was ahead of its time.
True False
5) Babbage saw that his machine could write music.
True False
II. Read the text and answer the questions about the text choosing the
correct variant.

For centuries, the common view of how domestication had occurred was that
prehistoric people, realizing how useful it would be to have captive herds of food
animals, began capturing wild animals and breeding them. Over time, by allowing
only animals with "tame" characteristics to mate and produce offspring, human
beings created animals that were less wild and more dependent upon people.
Eventually this process led to the domestic farm animals and pets that we know
today, many of which would fare quite badly in the wild, having lost their ancient
survival skills and instincts.
Recent research suggests that this view of domestication is incomplete.
Prehistoric human beings did capture and breed useful wild animals, and those
species became tamer over time (they generally changed physically, too,
developing larger bodies and smaller brains than their wild cousins). But
specialists in animal behavior now think that domestication was not simply
something people did to animals - the animals played an active part in the process.
Wolves and wild horses, for example, may have taken the first steps in their own
domestication by hanging around human settlements, feeding on people's garbage
and crops and getting used to human presence and activity. Individual animals that
were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced offspring that also
tolerated humans, making it easier for people to capture and tame them.
In this version, people succeeded in domesticating only animals that had
already adapted easily to life around humans. Domestication required an animal
that was willing to become domestic. The process was more like a dance with two
partners than a triumph of humans over animals.
At first glance, the taming of cats seems to fit nicely into this new story of
domestication. A traditional theory says that after prehistoric people in the Near
East and Egypt invented agriculture and started farming, rats and mice gathered to
feast on their stored grain. Wildcats, in turn, gathered at the same places to prey on
the rats and mice. Over time, cats got used to people and people got used to cats,
until at some point cats were tame. New studies of wildcats, however, seem to call
this theory into question. Wildcats don't share hunting and feeding territories, and
they don't live close to people or seek out human settlements as food sources.
Experts do not know whether wildcats were partners in their own domestication.
They do know that long after people had acquired domestic dogs, sheep, goats.
cattle, and horses, they somehow acquired tame cats. By mating the least
aggressive cats with one another, they produced animals with increasingly tame
qualities.
 Questions

1. According to traditional theories of domestication, how were wild animals

tamed?
a) selective breeding
b) capturing only smaller animals
c) aggression and control

2. What is suggested in the new theory?

a) that animals were less afraid than thought
b) that wolves and horses were the first to be domesticated
c) that animals had an active role in their domestication

3. Why is the word "dance" used in the 3rd paragraph?

a) that animals and humans were close
b) there were two active partners
c) that it was complex and not simple to understand

4. What probably attracted cats to human settlements?

a) warmth
b) other cats
c) food

5. What characteristic of the cat causes a problem for the theory that cats were
domesticated like wolves were?
a) independence
b) greed
c) friendliness

III. Choose the right option.

1. The news ___ bad today.

is are am

2. Call for an ambulance if he ___ worse.

will feel feels feeling
3. Take an umbrella. It ___ cats and dogs.
rains is rain is raining

4. I ___ a new dress last week, but I ___ it yet.

buy/ haven’t worn bought/ haven’t worn have bought/ didn’t wear

5. She was the most delightful person I ___.

ever met have ever met had ever met

6. The workers say that they ____ a district by the beginning of 2024.
will have build up will have built up will build up

7. Look! The bridge ___.

has being repaired is been repaired is being repaired

8. Dad phoned us and asked if our luggage ___.

was already being packed was packed had already been packed

9. I’d like ___ skate.

to can could to be able to

10. I ___ stay up late that day because it was my birthday. I usually ___ be in bed
at nine o'clock.
was able to/ had to was allowed to/ had to might/ could

11. My dentist says I ___ eat so many sweets.

needn’t shouldn’t ought not

12. Go to the library if you need ___ information.

farther farer further

13. Henry is not ___ his elder brother Bob.

so strong as strong as stronger

14.Teddy’s words made me ___ uncomfortable.

to feel feeling feel

15.All the guests … to be wearing black suits.

are supposed supposed have supposed

16.___ the loss off money in his pocket, he suspected his roommate.
 Having been discovered Having discovered Been discovered

17. Without more ___ technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.
advanced advancing having advanced
18.Put special question to the sentence.

They have already informed us about the accident.

19.Put special question to the subject of the sentence.

She borrowed the money from somebody.
20. Put tag-question to the sentence.

He didn’t come to the party for some reason.