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Intro Propulsion Lect 7
Intro Propulsion Lect 7
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Lect-7
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Problem 1
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 1
A =25cm2 Δx=0.25m
P=2 MPa
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 1
W = ∫ F dx = ∫ P A dx = P A ∆x
= 2000 kPa x 25x 10-4 m 2 x 0.25 m = 1.25 kJ
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Problem 2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 2
1 2: Constant volume V2 = V1
2 3: Constant pressure P3=P2
P1 1
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 2
P2 = P1 (T2/T1)
= 150×1000/300 = 500 kPa
• State 3: P3 = P2
V3 = V2 (T3/T2)
= 0.861×1500/1000 = 1.2915 m3
Hence, the final volume V3 = 1.2915 m3
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 2
• Work done during the process, W1-3
W1-3 = W1-2 + W2-3
Problem 3
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 3
P 2
T0=80°C=const
V1=0.4 m3
P1=100 kPa
1
T0=80°C=const.
0.1 0.4 V, m3
Assumptions:
• The compression process is quasi-equilibrium.
• At specified conditions, air can be considered to
be an ideal gas since it is at a high temperature
and low pressure relative to its critical-point values.
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 3
C
PV = mRT0 = C or, P = , where C is a constant.
V
2 2
C V2 V2
Work, W = ∫ PdV = ∫ dV = C ln = P1V1 ln
1 1
V V1 V1
P1V1 can be replaced by P2V2 or mRT0 .
Also, V2 / V1 can be replaced by P1 / P2 as P1V1 = P2V2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 3
0.4
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Problem 4
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 4
P 1
PVn =const
V1=0.1 m3
P1=3 bar 2
0.1 0.2 V, m3
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 4
2 2
W1− 2 = ∫ pdV = ∫ CV − n dV
1 1
n
V1
1.5
0.1
or , P2 = P1 = (3 x105 Pa ) = 1.06 x10 Pa
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V2 0.2
(1.06x105 Pa )(0.2m 3 ) − (3x105 Pa )(0.1m 3 )
Hence, W = = +17.6 kJ
1 − 1.5
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 4
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 4
P
1 n=0 2
PVn =constant
• Wn=1.5 = +17.6 kJ
• Wn=1.0 = +20.79 kJ
n=∞
• Wn=0.0 = +30 kJ
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Problem 5
• A piston–cylinder device contains 0.05 m3 of a gas
initially at 200 kPa. At this state, a linear spring that
has a spring constant of 150 kN/m is touching the
piston but exerting no force on it. Now heat is
transferred to the gas, causing the piston to rise
and to compress the spring until the volume inside
the cylinder doubles. If the cross-sectional area of
the piston is 0.25 m2, determine
• (a) the final pressure inside the cylinder, (b) the
total work done by the gas, and (c) the fraction of
this work done against the spring to compress it.
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: Problem 5
k=150 kN/m
P, kPa
300
II
A=0.25 m2 200
V1=0.05 m3
P1=200 kPa I
0.05 0.1 V, m3
Heat
Solution: problem 5
• The enclosed volume at the final state is
V2 = 2V1 =2V1 = (2)(0.05 m3)=0.1 m3
• Then the displacement of the piston (and of the
spring) becomes
∆V (0.1 − 0.05)m 3
x= = 2
= 0.2m
A 0.25m
• The force applied by the linear spring at the final
state is
F = kx = ( 150 kN/m) ( 0.2 m) = 30 kN
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: problem 5
• The additional pressure applied by the spring on the
gas at this state is
F 30kN
P= = 2
= 120 kPa
A 0.25m
• Without the spring, the pressure of the gas would
remain constant at 200 kPa while the piston is
rising. But under the effect of the spring, the
pressure rises linearly from 200 kPa to
200 + 120 = 320 kPa at the final state.
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: problem 5
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Solution: problem 5
• The work represented by the rectangular area
(region I) is done against the piston and the
atmosphere, and the work represented by the
triangular area (region II) is done against the
spring.
Exercise problem # 1
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Exercise problem # 2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Exercise problem # 3
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-7
Exercise problem # 4
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay