Eye changes in diabetes mellitus - Cataracts and retinal problems

Cardiopulmonary system changes in diabetes mellitus - Angina and dyspnea

Periphery changes in diabetes mellitus - Hair loss on extremities, indicating poor perfusion; coolness,
skin shininess and thinness, weak or absent peripheral pulses, ulcerations on extremities, pallor, thick
nails with ridges

Kidney changes in diabetes mellitus - Edema of the face, hands and feet; UTI; urinary retention

Neuromusculature changes in diabetes mellitus - Atrophy of hands and feet; neuropathies with
symptoms of numbness, tingling, pain, burning

Gastrointestinal changes in diabetes mellitus - Nighttime diarrhea, emesis falling into pattern;
gastroparesis

Reproductive changes in diabetes mellitus - Male impotence, vaginal dryness, frequent vaginal
infections, menstrual irregularities

Glycosylated Hgb - Indicates glucose control over previous 120 days; is a valuable measurement of
diabetes control

Nursing plans and interventions of diabetes mellitus - Determine baseline lab data for serum glucose,
electrolytes, creatinine, BUN, ABGs; teach injection technique; meals should be timed sccording to
medication peak times; teach diet regime: 55% - 60% carbohydrates, 12% - 15% protein, 30% less fat;
teach about managing sick days; teach exercise regimen; teach S&S of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia;
teach about foot care

Regular insulin - When mixing insulins, which is drawn up first