Nationalism in India

Very short Answers

1. When did Jallianwala Bagh incident take place?

13 th April 1919.
2. Why did Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Coopration Movement?

Gandhiji felt that the movement was turning violent in many places.

3. Who led a peasant movement during the Non-Coopration Movement?

Baba Ramchandra.
4. Why did Indians oppose the Rowlatt Act?
It gave the British the power to arrest and detain a person without a trial.

5.What kind of movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh?

Militant Guerrilla Movement.

6.Why were the Dalits ignored by the Congress for a long time?

Fear of offending the sanatanis.

7.Who wrote Vande Mataram?

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

8. When was the Federation of the Indian Chambers of Commerce and industries, FICCI, set up?

In 1927.

9.By whom was the first image of Bharat Mata painted?

Abanindranath Tagore

10. In which movements did the women participate in large numbers for the first time?

Civil Disobedience Movement.

Short Answers

1.Explain the idea of Satangraha according to Gandhiji.

1.The idea of Satangraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.

2.It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not
necessary to fight the oppressor.

3.According to Gandhiji, without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a Satayagrahai could win the
battle through non-violence.

2.What was the Khilafat Agitation? Why did Gandhiji give support to this agitation?
1.The Khilafat Movement (1919 – 1924) initiated by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali was a mass
movement against the reduction of temporal powers of Caliph after defeat of Ottoman – Turkey in the
First World War.

2.To defend Khalifa’s temporal powers, Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 as he was considered as
the spiritual head of Muslim.

3.Gandhiji supported it because he saw it as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a
unified National Movement.

3.Discuss the various stages of the Non-Coopration Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi.

Ist Stage – Surrender of titles that the government awarded.

2nd Stage – Boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools and foreign
goods.

3rd Stage – Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil Disobedience campaign would be
launched.

4.What was the objective of Simon Commission? Why was it opposed in India?

1.Simon Commission was set up to look into the functioning of the Constitutional System in India and
suggest changes.

2.It had all the members from the white community.

3.It had not even a single Indian as its member. Indians took it as their insult.

5. Explain any three factors which gave rise to the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930.

1.The problem with the Simon Commission.

2.Irwin ‘s vague offer of Dominion Status for India in an unspecified future.

3.Salt Law.

4.Neglect of 11demands of Gandhiji by the British.

5.Lahore Session of INC, 1929.

III. LONG ANSWER :

1.How did Gandhiji convert the National Movement in to a Mass Movement?

1.His simple and saintly life and style of convincing the masses made him popular.

2.His undisputed leadership and magnetic personality.

3.His policy of non-violent Satayagraha.

4.His programmes of social reforms like fighting against untouchability.

5.His commitment to Hindu – Muslim unity.

2.Criticallly examine the main aspects of Indian National National Movement during the period between
1920 and 1935.

Following are the main aspects of the Indian National Movement between 1920 – 1935.

1.Beginning of Mass Movement after Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

2.Application of Satangraha to Mass Movement, new methods to protest, boycott, picketing,

renunciation of titles, and non – payment of taxes.

3.People of different sections and parts shared a common bond of resistance – united in their hatred
against the British rule.

4.Industrialists led by Purushottamdas, Thakurdas, and G. D. Birla criticised colonialism.