JCACKCF AJH LLL

CGC]EJL NLPLEKEIL ALJLC NLPLAC MCG HLEALJLC PLP]OJ

ROXP\CXCNCG

MLP_P_G EKOF 4
AOKEJREA 3
AOKCP H38-@

C.C Crl Ylrcstutl 3<08803>8

C.C Mowl _gtcrl 3<08803>0
L Mowc Gyejcg Cklt \uml Rorjcgc Rutrc 3<08803>6
Gl Gyejcg Cgiircogl 3<08803<0

Gl Rutu Kostcrlgc 3<08803<>

RXEIXCJ P]_ML P3 LKJ_ AOROXCYC]CG

P]LAOP YLXC JOMLAC RRGL HCKL
8282
 

AC]C ROGICG]CX 

Rudl syuaur Lmc Pcgi Fycgi Ylmfl Ycsc ycgi tokcf jojhorlacg csugi aortfc
wcrc guircfc-Gyc aopcmc acjl soflgiic acjl mcpct jogyokosclacg jcackcf lgl
ycgi
ycgi hor
hordumu
dumukk ‛Cgc
gcte
tejl
jl Nlsl
Nlslek
ekei
eill Aljl
Aljlc
c Nl
Nlsl
slac
ac mcg
mcg Hl
Hlea
ealj
ljlc
lc Pl
Plst
stoj
oj

Rorsycrcncg‚.
Cmcpug jcackcf lgl horlsl 0 Hch ycagl Hch 3 horupc pogmcfukucg mcrl
 pojhuctcg jcackcf, Hch 8 horupc pojhcfcscg mcrl Cgctejl Nlslekeil Aljlc Nlslac
mc
mcg
g Hl
Hleal
ealjl
jlcc Plst
Plstoj
oj Ro
Rors
rsycr
ycrcn
cncg
cg,, mc
mcg
g Hch
Hch 0 ycgi
ycgi ho
horl
rlsl
sl ao
aosl
sljp
jpuk
ukcg
cg horupc
horupc
rlgiacscg mcrl jcackcf lgl.
Acjl scgict jogifcrcpacg arltla mcg scrcg ycgi jojhcgiug ugtua jcackcf
lgl. Caflr actc, sojeic soickc lgnerjcsl ycgi tormcpct ml mckcj jcackcf lgl mcpct
 horjcgncct hcil pojhc`c.

Mogpcscr, Cprlk 8282

  Rogyusug
 

MCN]CX LPL
Fckcjcg

FCKCJCG
FCKCJCG D_M_K.....
D_M_K.............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
...........
... l
AC]C ROGICG]C
ROGICG]CX.......
X...............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
...............
....... ll
MCN]CX
MCN]CX LPL...........
LPL...................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
.......... lll
HCH L ROGMCF_K_CG
C. Kctcr
Kctcr Hokcacgi..
Hokcacgi.........
...............
................
................
................
...............
...............
...............
...............
................
................
................
................
.............
..... 3
H. ]uducg....
]uducg............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
..............
...... 3
HCH LL ROJHCFCPCG
C. Rogiortlcg
Rogiortlcg slstoj
slstoj scrcn........
scrcn................
................
................
...............
...............
...............
...............
................
................
................
................
..........
.. 8
H. Nugisl
Nugisl Plstoj
Plstoj Pcrcn..
Pcrcn.........
...............
...............
...............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
..............
...... 8
@. Ptruatur
Ptruatur Pok Pcrcn........
Pcrcn................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
.......... 0
M. Dogls
Dogls Pok Pcrcn.........
Pcrcn.................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
.............
..... 9
O. Gouretrcgs
Gouretrcgsjltt
jlttor.....
or............
...............
................
................
................
...............
...............
...............
...............
................
................
................
................
........ 6
N. Pygcps.....
Pygcps.............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
.............
..... 6
I. Ljpuks
Ljpuks Pcrcn.
Pcrcn........
...............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
.......... <
F. Rojhcilcg
Rojhcilcg Plsto
Plstoj
j Pcrcn........
Pcrcn................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
..............
...... 32
L. Pcrcn Rusct Jcguslc...
Jcguslc..........
...............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
...........
... 32
D. Pcrcn ]opl Jcguslc....
Jcguslc............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
...........
... 82
A. Aokclgcg
Aokclgcg pcmc
pcmc Plstoj
Plstoj Pcrcn..
Pcrcn.........
...............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
..........
.. 88

HCH LLL ROG_]_R

C. Aosljpukc
Aosljpukcg.....
g............
...............
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
........ 8=
H. Pcrcg........
Pcrcg................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
..............
...... 8=

MCN]CX R_P]CAC

0
 

HCH L
ROGMCF_K_CG

C. Kctc
Kctcrr Hokc
Hokcac
acgi
gi

]uhuf jcguslc jorupcacg sctu aosctucg mcrl horhcicl slstoj ericg. Puctu

slst
slstoj
oj eric
ericg
g to
torm
rmlr
lrll mc
mcrl
rl ho
horh
rhci
cicl
cl eric
ericg
g tu
tuhu
huf
f ct
ctcu
cu ck
ckct
ct-c
-ckc
kctt tu
tuhu
huf.
f. Mckc
Mckcj
j
jokcascgcac
jokcascgcacg
g aoilctcg
aoilctcg nlslekeil
nlslekeilsgyc
sgyc mlporkuacg
mlporkuacg cmcgyc fuhugicg
fuhugicg ctcu aordcscjc
aordcscjc
cgtcrc ckct-ckct tuhuf ycgi sctu mogicg ycgi kclggyc. Cicr aoilctcg slstoj-slstoj
ericg ycgi torsusug ctcs hcgyca ckct ltu hordckcg mogicg fcrjegls (sorcsl), jcac
mlporkuacg cmcgyc slstoj pogiogmcklcg ctcu pogictur. Plstoj pogiogmckl ltu mlsohut
sohcicl sltoj aeermlgcsl.
]uhuf
]uhuf jcgusl
jcguslcc mlaogm
mlaogmckl
cklacg
acg ekof
ekof sl
slsto
stoj
j scrcn,
scrcn, slstoj
slstoj lgmorc
lgmorc,, mcg slstoj
slstoj
ogmear
ogmearlg.
lg. Rogicr
Rogicruf
uf slstoj
slstoj scrcn
scrcn ycagl
ycagl mcpct
mcpct jogicj
jogicjhlk
hlk slacp
slacp tor
torfcmc
fcmcp
p cmcgyc
cmcgyc
 poruhcfcg aocmccg
aocm ccg klgiaugicg ycgi jorcgiscgigyc. Pojuc aoilctcg tuhuf jcguslc
mlaogm
mlaogmckl
cklacg
acg mcg mlctur
mlctur ekof
ekof sl
slsto
stoj
j scrcn.
scrcn. Pohcicl
Pohcicl ckct
ckct pogiogm
pogiogmckl
ckl mcg pogict
pogictur 
ur 
aoilctcg
aoilctcg ckct-ckct
ckct-ckct tuhuf, susugcg
susugcg scrcn jojpugycl aojcjpucg jogorljc rcgiscgi
rcgiscgi
mcg jogilrljacg poscg-poscg rcgiscgi ctcu ljpuks scrcn ao pusct susugcg scrcn, mcg
sokcgdutgyc jojhorlacg tcgiicpcg ctcu rocasl torfcmcp rcgiscgi torsohut. Ljpuks
scrcn torsohut mlhcwc ekof sorchut-sorchut scrcn. (Aus Lrlcgte. 822=)

H. ]uducg
]uducg ujuj mcrl pogyusugcg jcackcf lgl cmckcf ugtua jogiotcful mcg jojcfcjl

slstoj porsycrcncg jcguslc

jcguslc ycgi joklputl pogiortlcg sslstoj
lstoj scrcn, nugisl scrcn, struatur sok
scrcn, Gouretrcgsjlttor, Rojhcilcg Plstoj Pcrcn, Pcrcn Rusct Jcguslc mcg Aokclgcg pcmc
Plstoj Pcrcn.

=
 

HCH LL
ROJHCFCPCG

C. Rogior
Rogiortlcg
tlcg Plstoj
Plstoj Pcr
Pcrcn 
cn 
Plstoj scrcn cmckcf suctu dcrlgicg scrcn ycgi aejpkoas, scgict afusus mcg
scklgi horfuhugicg sctu mogicg ycgi kclg. Plstoj scrcn jogiaeermlgcsl, jogcnslracg
mcg jogiegtrek lgtorcasl cgtcrc lgmlvlmu mogicg klgiaugicg kclggyc. Plstoj tuhuf
ycgi pogtlgi lgl duic jogictur aohcgycacg catlvltcs systoj-systoj tuhuf kclggyc,
acrogc pogicturcg scrcn torsohut jcac tordcklg aejuglacsl cgtcrc horhcicl systoj
tuhuf
tuhuf flgiic
flgiic jogyohc
jogyohchac
hacg
g tuhuf
tuhuf hornug
hornugisl
isl sohcicl
sohcicl uglt
uglt ycgi
ycgi fcrjeg
fcrjegls.
ls. Mckcj
Mckcj
systoj lglkcf horcsck soickc nogejogc aoscmcrcg, plalrcg, lgictcg, hcfcsc, sogscsl
mcg iorcacg. Dcml aojcjpucg ugtua mcpct jojcfcjl, hokcdcr mcg jojhorl rospeg
torfcmcp suctu rcgiscgicg jorupcacg fcslk aordc lgtoircsl mcrl systoj scrcn ycgi

 pug`cagyc mckcj hogtua aoprlhcmlcg mcg tlgiacf kcau lgmlvlmu.

Dcrlgicg scrcn tormlrl Goureiklc mcg Pok s`fwcg (sok-sok pogyeaegi) sortc
 Goureg (sok-sok scrcn). Aomuc dogls sok torsohut mojlalcg orct horacltcg mcg
torlgtoircsl sctu scjc kclggyc soflgiic horscjc-scjc hornugisl sohcicl sctu uglt.

H. Nugi
Nugisl
sl Pl
Plsto
stoj
j Pcr
Pcrcn 
cn 
Pohcicl
Pohcicl ckct
ckct pogict
pogictur
ur mcg pogiogmc
pogiogmckl
kl ckct-c
ckct-ckct
kct tuhuf,
tuhuf, jcac
jcac slstoj
slstoj scrcn 
scrcn 
jojpugycl 0 nugisl utcjc ycltu 4
3. Po
Pohci
hcicl
cl Ck
Ckct
ct Aej
Aejug
ugla
lacs
csll
Pohcicl ckct aejuglacsl cgtcrc tuhuf mogicg muglc kucr, fck lgl mlkcauacg ekof ckct
lgmorc, ycgi joklputl 4 jctc, flmugi, toklgic, auklt mcg klmcf. Mogicg cmcgyc
ckct-ckct lgl, jcac altc cacg mogicg jumcf jogiotcful cmcgyc poruhcfcg ycgi
tordcml mlsoaltcr tuhuf altc.
8. Po
Pohci
hcicl
cl Ck
Ckct
ct Ro
Rogi
giogm
ogmck
ckll
Pohcicl pogiogmckl
pogiogmckl ctcu pogictur aordc ckct-ckct
ckct-ckct tuhuf, soflgiic mcpct hoaordc
hoaordc
sorcsl sosucl mogicg nugislgyc. Mogicg pogicturcg ekof scrcn, sojuc ericg
tuhuf cacg hoaordc mogicg ao`opctcg mcg rltjo aordc ycgi caurct.
 

0. Pohcicl
Pohcicl Rusct
Rusct Rogiogmc
Rogiogmckl
kl ]cgiic
]cgiicpcg
pcg
Pcrcn jorupcacg pusct pogiogmckl ctcu rocasl tuhuf torfcmcp poruhcfcg ctcu rocasl
tuhuf torfcmcp poruhcfcg aocmccg soaltcr. Acrogc scrcn sohcicl pogiogmckl ctcu
 pogictur aordc sokuruf ckct tuhuf, jcac dcrlgicg scrcn tormcpct pcmc sokuruf
 pcmc sokuruf ckct-ckct tuhuf altc.

@. Ptrua
Ptruatur
tur Pok
Pok Pcrc
Pcrcn 
n 
Pok scrcn tormlrl mcrl Goureg mcg Pok Rogmuaugi
3. Goureg
 Goureg cmckcf uglt nugislegck slstoj scrcn ycgi tormlrl mcrl hcmcg sok mcg porpcgdcgicg
sltepkcsjc.
c) Hcmcg sok ctcu porlacrle
porlacrleg
g
Puctu goureg jogiogmcklacg jotcheklsjo aosokurufcg goureg.

Hcilcg lgl torsusug mcrl aejpegog horlaut 4

 Pctu guakous tugiick, gu`koekus ycgi jogegdek mcg ericgok kclg soportl
aejpkoas iekil mcg jlte`fegmrlc, totcpl gu`kous lgl tlmca jojlklal sogtrlek
mcg tlmca mcpct horopklacsl.
 Hcmcg glssl, tormlrl mcrl rotl`ukuj ogmepkcsjc acscr mcg rlhesej-rlhesej
 hohcs sortc horporcg mckcj slgtosls pretolg.
  Gourenlhrlk ycltu gourenlkcjog mcg gouretuhukus ycgi mcpct mlklfct jokckul
jlaresaep `cfcyc dlac mlhorl powcrgccg mogicg porca.
 h) Mogmrlt
Rorpcgdcgicg sltepkcsjc ycgi hlcscgyc horicgmc mcg pogmoa sortc hornugisl
ugtua jogifcgtcr ljpuks ao sok tuhuf.
`) Case
Caseg
g
Puctu presosus tugiick, ycgi kohlf tlpls mcg kohlf pcgdcgi mcrl mogmrlto. Hcilcg
lgl jogifcgtcr ljpuks jogdcufl hcmcg sok ao goureg kclg, ao sok kclg (sok etet
ctcu aokogdcr) ctcu ao hcmcg sok goureg ycgi jogdcml csck caseg.
 

Icjhcr 8.3 Ptuatur Goureg

Hormcscracg
Hormcscracg Nugisl mcg Crcf trcgsjlsl
trcgsjlsl Ljpuksgyc, goureg mlakcslnlacsl

jogdcml 4
  Goureg sogserla (cnorog) jogifcgtcracg ljpuks klstrla mcrl rosopter pcmc
ericg lgmorc ctcu suctu ericg lgtorgck ao PPR (Plstoj Pcrcn Rusct).
  Goureg jeterla jogycjpclacg ljpuks mcrl PPR (Plstoj Pcrcn Rusct) ao
onoater /etet
  Goureg aegoater mltojuacg sokurufgyc mckcj PPR (Plstoj Pcrcn Rusct)
 Goureg lgl jogifuhugiacg
jogifu hugiacg goureg sogserla mcg jeterla ctcu jogycjpclacg
lgnerjcsl ao lgtorgoureg kclg.

Hormcscracg hogtuagyc, goureg mcpct mlakcslnlacslacg jogdcml 4

  Goureg uglpekcr fcgyc jojpugycl sctu sorchut ycgi mlhcil jogdcml sctu
`chcgi sogtrck ycgi hornugisl sohcicl sctu caseg mcg sctu `chcgi porlnor ycgi
 horiugc sohcicl sctu mogmrlto. Dogls goureg lgl jorupcacg goureg-goureg
sogserla scrcn porlnor (jlsckgyc sok-sok icgikleg `orohresplgckls).
 

  Goureg hlpekcr jojpugyc muc sorchut, sctu mogmrlto mcg sctu caseg. Dogls lgl
 hcgyca mldujpcl pcmc opltfok ekncaterlus mckcj rotlgc jctc mcg mckcj toklgic
mckcj.
  Goureg juktlpekcr jojpugycl
jojpugyc l hcgyca mogmrlto mcg sctu caseg. Dogls goureg

lgl jorupcacg ycgi pcklgi sorlgi mldujpcl pcmc slstoj scrcn sogtrck (sok scrcn 
jeterls pcmc `ergu cgtorler mcg kctorckls jomukkc splgckls, sok-sok icgikleg
etegej).

Icjhcr Akcslnlacsl Goureg hormcscracg hogtuagyc

Icjhcr Akcslnlacsl Goureg hormcscracg nugislgyc

 

8. Po
Pokk Rogm
Rogmua
uaug
ugi
i ( sok
sok Gour
Gourei
eikl
klc
c mcg
mcg sok
sok P`fw
P`fwcg
cgg
g)
  Goureiklc (horcsck mcrl gorvo ikuo) jogicgmugi horhcicl jc`cj sok ycgi
so`crc
so`crc aosoku
aosokuruf
rufcg
cg jogyeae
jogyeaegi,
gi, joklgm
joklgmugi
ugil,
l, mcg sujhor
sujhor gutrls
gutrlsll sok scrcn 
scrcn 
 pusct pcmc etca mcg jomukkc splgckls.

Pok P`fwcgg
P`fwcgg jorupc
jorupcacg
acg poklgm
poklgmugi
ugi mcg pogyeae
pogyeaegi
gi goureg
goureg-go
-goure
ureg
g mlk
mlkucr 
ucr 
slstoj scrcn pusct.
 Goureiklc dujkcfgyc kohlf hcgyca mcrl sok-sok goureg mogicg porhcgmlgicg
soal
soalttcr sopuk
opukuf
uf hcgm
hcgmllgi sct
ctu.
u. Cmc ojpc
ojpctt sok gour
gourei
eikklc ycgi
ycgi hor
horfcs
fcslk
mllgmogtlnlacsl ycltu 4
c) Cstr
Cstres
eslt
lt cm
cmck
ckcf
cf so
sokk horho
horhogt
gtua
ua hlgt
hlgtcg
cgi
i yc
ycgi
gi jojl
jojlkl
klal
al so
sodu
dujk
jkcf
cf pr
pres
esos
osus
us
 pcgdcgi, sohcilcg hoscr jokoact pcmc mlgmlgi acplkcr mcrcf jokckul pomlaok
ctcu ‛acal vcs`ukcr‚. Hornugisl sohcicl ‛sok pojhorl jcacg‚ hcil goureg
ycgi fckus.
fckus. Hcilcg
Hcilcg lgl duic jojhogt
jojhogtua
ua mlgmlg
mlgmlgi
i porlgt
porlgtcgi
cgi cgtcrc
cgtcrc ckl
cklrcg
rcg
acplkor mcrcf mogicg goureg, soacklius jogicmcacg portuacrcg zct mlcgtcrc
aomucgyc.
aomucgyc. Mogicg actc kclg, jojhcgtu goureg jojportcfcga
jojportcfcgacg
cg petogslck
petogslck
 hleokoatrls ycgi sosucl ugtua aegmuasl ljpuks mcg trcgsjlsl slgcptla.
 h) Ekliemogmreslt jogyorupcl cstreslt, totcpl hcmcg sokgyc ao`lk mcg dujkcf
 presosusgyc kohlf somlalt mcg kohlf pogmoa. Jorupcacg sok iklc ycgi
 hortcgiiugi dcwch jogifcslkacg jyoklg mckcj susugcg scrcn pusct. Pok lgl
jojpugy
jojpugycl
cl kcplsc
kcplscg
g mogicg
mogicg suhtcg
suhtcgsl
sl kojca
kojca jogiok
jogioklkl
lklgil
gil pogegde
pogegdekcg
kcg ctcu
ctcu
sopcgdcgi sok scrcn soflgiic torhogtua sokuhugi jyoklg.

`) Jlar
Jlarei
eikl
klcc mlto
mltoju
juac
acg
g mo
moac
actt go
gour
ureg
eg mc
mcg
g po
pojh
jhuk
ukuf
uf mcrcf
mcrcf,, mc
mcg
g ml
mlpor
por`c
`cyc
yc
jojlklal porcg nciesltla. Pok dogls lgl mltojuacg ml sokuruf slstoj scrcn pusct
mcg mlcgiicp horporcg pogtlgi mckcj presos jokcwcg lgnoasl.
m) Pok opogmljck
opogmljck jojhogtua jojhrcg
jojhrcg spltoklck
spltoklck ycgi jokcplsl regiic sorohrck
sorohrck
mcg regiick jomukkc splgckls. Jorupcacg goureiklc ycgi jojhctcsl systoj
vogtrlaok slstoj scrcn pusct. Pok-sok lglkcf ycgi jorupcacg opltfok mcrl Rkoxus
@erelmous vogtrlaok etca.
 

Icjhcr 8.=. Pok Goureiklc mcg Pok P`fwcgg

0. Pokcput Jyoklg
Jorupcacg
Jorupcacg suctu
suctu aejpkoas
aejpkoas pretolg
pretolg kojca horwcrgc putlf ycgi jogyokljutl
jogyokljutl
caseg. Pokuhugi jyoklg tlmca aegtlgu ml sopcgdcgi tegdekcg scrcn mcg tormcpct `okcf-
sokcf ycgi tlmca jojlklal jyoklg,
jyoklg, mlgcjcacg
mlgcjcacg gemus rcgvlor . Jyoklg lgl hornugisl
mckcj jojpor`opct pogdckcrcg ljpuks mcrl trcgsjlsl ml sopcgdcgi sorchut ycgi tca 
 horjyoklg acrogc ljpuks hordckcg mogicg `crc ‛jokeg`ct‚ mcrl gemus ao gemus kclg ml
sopcgdcgi sokuhugi jyoklg. @crc trcgsjlsl soportl lgl mlgcjcacg aegmuasl scktcterla.
]cgpc sokuhugi jloklg, ljpuks cacg horiorca soportl iokejhcgi. Gcjug, ljpuks
cacg horiorca jokejpct aotlac jokowctl sokuhugi jloklg mogicg ao`opctcg 382

jotor/mot
jotor/motla.
la. Pokuhug
Pokuhugi
i jloklg
jloklg joglgi
joglgiact
actacg
acg fcjhct
fcjhctcg
cg kls
klstr
trla.
la. Mogicg
Mogicg mojlal
mojlalcg,
cg,
jloklgcsl jojhcgtu jog`oicf ljpuks ycgi jorupcacg iokejhcgi okoatrejcigotla 
aokucr joglgiickacg caseg.
Fck torpogtlgi mckcj porcg jyoklg pcmc presos trcgsjlsl ml sorchut scrcn mcpct
torklfct mogicg jogicjctl fck ycgi tordcml dlac tlmca kcil tormcpct jyoklg mlscgc.
Rcmcc ercgi-
Rcm ercgi-erc
ercgi
gi mogicg
mogicg Juktl
Juktlpko
pko P`kore
P`koresls
sls,, kcplsc
kcplscg
g jyoklg
jyoklg ycgi jogiok
jogioklkl
lklgil
gil
sorchut scrcn jogdcml flkcgi.
 

Po
Podc
dckc
kcg
g mo
mogic
gicg
g fc
fckk ltu
ltu ercg
ercgi
i to
tors
rsohu
ohutt jukc
jukcll ao
aofl
flkc
kcgic
gicg
g ao
aojc
jcjp
jpucg
ucg ugtua 
ugtua 
jogiegtrek etet-etegyc mcg caflrgyc jogdcml tlmca jcjpu scjc soackl.

Icjhcr 8.? Ptruatur Jyoklg mcg Gemus Xcgvlor 

M. Do
Dogl
glss Pok
Pok Pcr
Pcrcn 
cn 

Icjhcr dogls sok scrcn 

Aotorcgicg icjhcr 4
C. _glpekcr
_glpekcr Goureg
H. Hlepekcr
Hlepekcr Goureg
@. Lgtorg
Lgtorgour
oureg
eg
M. Ryr
Ryrcjl
cjlmck
mck @okk
O. Jeter
Jeter Goureg
Goureg
 

O. Gouretr
Gouretrcgsj
cgsjltto
lttorr
Jorupc
Jorupcacg
acg zct aljlc
aljlc ycgi mlslgt
mlslgtosl
oslss mckcj
mckcj goureg
goureg mcg mlsljp
mlsljpcg
cg mckcj
mckcj
iokojhugi slgcptla pcmc udugi caseg, Tct aljlc lgl mlkopcsacg mcrl udugi caseg
torjlgck mcg duic mlrochserpsl ugtua mcur ukcgi.

 Gouretrcgsjlttor jorupcacg `crc aejuglacsl cgtcr goureg, sotlcp goureg

jokopcsacg sctu trcgsjlttor. Tct-zct aljlc lgl jogyohchacg poruhcfcg porjochlkltcs
sok goureg
goureg,, soflgi
soflgiic
ic goureg
goureg jogdcm
jogdcmll kohlf
kohlf aurcgi
aurcgi mcpct
mcpct jogyck
jogyckura
uracg
cg ljpuks
ljpuks..
Mlaotcful
Mlaotcful tormcpct
tormcpct 02 jc`cj gouretrcgsj
gouretrcgsjlttor
lttor,, mlcgtcrcgyc
mlcgtcrcgyc cmckcf Geropflgopfr
Geropflgopfrlg,
lg,
C`otyk`feklg, Mepcjlg, Poreteglg, Cscj Icjc-Cjlgehutlrct (ICHC) mcg Iklslg.

Pygcps mcg Gouretrcgsjlttor 

N. Pygc
Pygcp
ps

Pygcps jorupcacg tojpct mljcgc goureg jogicmcacg aegtca mogicg goureg

kclg ctcu mogicg ericg-ericg onoater, mcg jorupcacg sctu-sctugyc tojpct mljcgc
suctu ljpuks mcpct kowct mcrl suctu goureg ao goureg kclggyc ctcu onoater. Xucgi
cgtcrc sctu goureg mcg goureg horlautgyc mlaogck mogicg `okcf slgcptla (Pygcptl`
`kont)
`kont).. Goureg
Goureg ycgi jogifcg
jogifcgtcr
tcracg
acg ljpuk
ljpukss scrcn
scrcn jogudu
jogudu slgcps
slgcps mlsohut
mlsohut goureg
goureg
 prcslgcptla mcg goureg ycgi jojhcwc ljpuks mcrl slgcps mlsohut goureg
 pestslgcptla.
 

Plgcps scgict rogtcg torfcmcp poruhcfcg aegmlsl nlslekeils 4

3. Ckackesls
Mlctcs RF gerjck 9,= joglgiactacg oasltchlkltcs gouregck. Rcmc RF 9,6 aegvuksl
mcpct tordcml acrogc goureg scgict jumcf toroasltcsl soflgiic jojl`u eutput

so`crc spegtcg.
8. Cslmesls
Mlhcwc
Mlhcwcf
f RF gerjck
gerjck 9,= jogical
jogicalhcta
hctacg
cg poguru
pogurugcg
gcg ycgi
ycgi scgict
scgict hoscr
hoscr pcmc
pcmc
eutput gouregck. Rogurugcg 9,2 cacg jogicalhctacg aejc.
0. Cgeaslc
Ct
Ctcu
cu hlcs
hlcscc yc
ycgi
gi mlso
mlsohut
hut mo
mopr
prlv
lvcs
csll ea
easl
sliog
iog,, jo
jogic
gical
alhc
hcta
tacg
cg po
pogur
gurugc
ugcg
g
oasltchlkltcs gouregck fcgyc mckcj hohorcpc motla.
=. Ehct-eh
-ehctcg
Mcpct joglgiactacg ctcu jogurugacg oasltchlkltcs gouregck.
e Acnolg jogurugacg cjhcgi ugtua jogtrcgsjlsl mcg jojporjumcf
cklrcg ljpuks.
e Cgostotla ke`ck (jlssck geveacklg mcg preaclg) ycgi jojhoauacg suctu
croc mcpct joglgiactacg cjhcgi jojhrcgo ugtua oasltcsl udugi scrcn.
e Cgcstotla ujuj jogurugacg catlvcsl gouregck ml sokuruf tuhuf.

I. Ljpuks Pcr
crc
cn 
Ljpuk
Ljpukss yc
ycgi
gi mlto
mltorl
rljc
jc ekof
ekof ro
roso
sopt
pter
er mcg ml
mlsc
scjp
jpcl
clac
acg
g ao on
onoat
oater
er ca
cacg
cg

jogyoh
jogyohchac
chacg
g tordcm
tordcmlgy
lgycc iorcacg
iorcacg ctcu
ctcu poruhc
poruhcfcg
fcg pcmc
pcmc onoate
onoater.
r. Iorcac
Iorcacg
g tor
torsoh
sohut
ut
cmckcf sohcicl horlaut 4
3. Iorc
orca Pcm
Pcmcr
Iorca scmcr ctcu iorca hlcsc cmckcf iorca ycgi tordcml acrogc mlsogicdc
ctcu mlscmcrl. Ljpuks ycgi jogyohchacg iorcacg lgl mlscjpclacg jokckul dckcg
ycgi pcgdcgi. Hcicggyc cmckcf sohcicl horlaut.
 

8. Iorca
orca Xonk
Xonkoa
oass
Iorca
Iorca ronkoa
ronkoass cmckcf
cmckcf iorca
iorca ycgi tlmca
tlmca mlsogic
mlsogicdc
dc ctcu
ctcu tlmca
tlmca mlscmcr
mlscmcrl.
l.
Ljpuks ycgi jogyohchacg iorcacg lgl mlscjpclacg jokckul dckcg ycgi scgict
slgiact mcg tlmca jokowctl etca..
@egtef iorca ronkoas cmckcf sohcicl horlaut4
e ]orcgiactgyc acal dlac torlgdca sosuctu.
e Iorcacg jogutup aokepca jctc mogicg `opct dlac cmc hogmc cslgi ycgi
jcsua ao jctc.
e Jogutup flmugi pcmc wcatu jog`luj hcu ycgi scgict husua.
e Iorcacg tcgicg jogcgiacp hogmc ycgi tlhc-tlhc tordctuf.
e Iorcacg tcgicg jokopcsacg hogmc ycgi horsufu tlgiil.

0. Rorc
Rorcjh
jhctc
ctcg
g Ljpu
Ljpuks
ks Pcrcn 
Pcrcn 
c. Potokc
Potokcf
f lglslc
lglslcsl,
sl, petogsl
petogslck
ck casl jogdckcr
jogdckcr ml sopcgd
sopcgdcgi
cgi sorchut
sorchut scrcn
scrcn mogicg
mogicg
ao`opctcg mcg cjpkltumo ycgi totcp.
 h. Crus klstrla ke`ck jogyohcr ao croc jojhrcg ycgi hormoactcg. Fck lgl
jogyohc
jogyohchac
hacg
g iorhcgi
iorhcgi gctrl
gctrluj
uj jojhuac
jojhuac mcg jogical
jogicalhct
hctacg
acg iokejh
iokejhcgi
cgi
mopekcrlscsl jogdckcr ml sopcgdcgi scrcn.
`. Mogicg
Mogicg `crc lgl,
lgl, slgyck
slgyck ctcu ljpuks
ljpuks scrcn,
scrcn, mltrcgsj
mltrcgsjlsl
lsl mcrl
mcrl sctu slsl ao mokcj
mokcj
slstoj scrcn slsl ycgi kclg.
 

F. Rojhci
Rojhcilcg
lcg Plstoj
Plstoj Pcrcn 

Icjhcr 8.6 Rojhcilcg Plstoj Pcrcn 

Plstoj scrcn mlhcil muc ycagl 4

e
Pcrcn Rusct horupc Etca mcg Jomukkc Pplgckls.
e Pcrcn ]opl

L. Pcrc
Pcrcnn Rusc
Rusctt Jcg
Jcgus
uslc
lc
Plstoj scrcn pusct jorupcacg pusct mcrl sokuruf aogmckl mcg roiukcsl pcmc
tuhuf, hcla iorcacg scmcr ctcu iorcacg etegej. Muc ericg utcjc ycgi jogdcml
 pogiiorca slstoj scrcn pusct cmckcf etca mcg sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi.
Etca
Etca jcgusl
jcguslcc jorupc
jorupcacg
acg ericg
ericg vlt
vltck
ck ycgi
ycgi fcrus
fcrus mlklgm
mlklgmugil
ugil ekof
ekof tuk
tukcgi
cgi
togiaerca.
togiaerca. Pojogtcrc
Pojogtcrc ltu, sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi
hokcacgi mlkl
mlklgmugil
gmugil ekof rucs-rucs
rucs-rucs tukcgi
 hokcacgi. Etca mcg sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi scjc-scjc mlklgmugil ekof suctu
jojhrc
jojhrcg
g ycgi
ycgi joklgm
joklgmugil
ugil aomucgy
aomucgyc.
c. Jojhrc
Jojhrcg
g poklgm
poklgmugi
ugi tor
torsoh
sohut
ut mlgcjc
mlgcjcacg
acg
joglgios.
Jojhrcgo joglgios tormlrl ctcs tlic hcilcg, ycltu 4
c) Rlcjctor. Jorupcacg sokcput pcklgi mckcj ycgi jogyokljutl slstoj scrcn pusct.
Kcplscg lgl hcgyca soackl jogicgmugi pojhukuf mcrcf.
 

h) Crcafgelm. Kcplscg lgl horupc sokcput tlpls ycgi horcmc ml cgtcrc plcjctor mcg
murcjctor.

`) Mur
Murcjc
cjctor
tor.. Kcplsc
Kcplscg
g pcklgi
pcklgi kucr
kucr ycgi tor
torfuh
fuhugi
ugi mogicg
mogicg togiaer
togiaerca.
ca. Mco
Mcorcf
rcf ml
cgtcrcc plcjctor
cgtcr plcjctor mcg crcafgelm
crcafgelm mllsl ekof `clrcg
`clrcg ycgi mlsohut @clrcg Porohresplgck.

Mogicg cmcgyc kcplscg lgl, etca cacg kohlf tcfcg torfcmcp ieg`cgicg mcg hogturcg
mogicg arcgluj. Acmcgiackc sosoercgi jogickcjl lgnoasl pcmc kcplscg joglgios,
 hcla pcmc `clrcggyc ctcupug kcplscggyc ycgi mlsohut joglgiltls.

Icjhcr 8.< Kcplscg jojhrcg joglgios pcmc etca 

Etca jorupcacg ericg ycgi tokcf torsposlcklscsl scgict aejpkoas. Horct tetck
etca mowcsc cmckcf soaltcr 8% mcrl tetck horct hcmcggyc ctcu soaltcr 3,= alkeircj mcg
jojpugycl soaltcr 38 jlklcr goureg. Rogiekcfcg lgnerjcsl ml etca mlkcauacg pcmc
 hcilcg-hcilcg afusus sosucl mogicg
mo gicg croc pogordojcfcg goureg sogserla. Rorjuaccg
etca tlmca rctc, totcpl horkoaua-koaua sohcicl pogiojhcgicg goureg ycgi horcmc ml
mckcjg
mckcjgyc.
yc. Pojcal
Pojcalg
g horaoj
horaojhcg
hcgi
i etca
etca sosoer
sosoercgi,
cgi, sojcal
sojcalg
g hcgyca
hcgyca koauacg
koauacggyc.
gyc.
Koauacg ycgi horcrcf ao mckcj (kojhcf) mlsohut sukaus mcg koauacg ycgi horcrcf ao
ctcs (iugugicg) mlgcjcacg ilrus.
Etca jogmcpctacg ljpuks mcrl sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi mcg 38 pcscgi scrcn 
arcglc
arcglck.
k. Potlcp
Potlcp scrcn
scrcn torsoh
torsohut
ut cacg horjuc
horjucrc
rc ml hcilcg
hcilcg etca
etca ycgi afusus.
afusus. Etca 
Etca 
jcguslc mlhcil jogdcml tlic hcilcg utcjc, ycltu etca mopcg, etca togicf, mcg etca 
 

 hokcacgi. Rcrc cfkl jojpor`cycl hcfwc mckcj poraojhcgicggyc, etca vortohrctc

torhcil jogdcml tlic hcilcg ycgi jojpugycl nugisl afcs. Etca hokcacgi hornugisl
mckcj jogdcic tlgiacf kcau, etca togicf hornugisl mckcj pogiklfctcg, mcg etca 
mopcg hornugisl mckcj pog`lujcg (@cjphokk, ot ck , 822>4 ?96)

Icjhcr 8.32 Etca 

c) Etca
Etca mopcg
mopcg
Etca mopcg tormlrl ctcs etca hoscr (`orohruj), tckcjus, mcg
mc g flpetckcjus.
 Etca hoscr 
Jorupcacg hcilcg torhoscr mcrl etca, ycltu jog`caup 6?% mcrl vekujo sokuruf
 hcilcg etca. Hcilcg tortogtu jorupcacg hcilcg pcklgi pogtlgi mckcj
 pogordojcfcg lgnerjcsl ycgi Cgmc
Cgm c torljc mcrl jctc, flmugi, toklgic, mcg hcilcg
hci lcg
tuhuf kclggyc. Hcilcg etca hoscr tormlrl ctcs muc hokcfcg (fojlsnor 
( fojlsnor ),
), ycltu hokcfcg
etca alrl mcg etca acgcg. Potlcp hokcfcg torsohut cacg jogictur aordc ericg tuhuf
ycgi horhomc.hoscr tormlrl ctcs muc hokcfcg, ycltu fojlsnor etca alrl mcg fojlsnor 
etca acgcg. Etca acgcg scgict horpogicruf torfcmcp aordc ericg tuhuf hcilcg
alrl, sortc hoaordc kohlf catln ugtua pogiordccg jcsckcf ycgi horacltcg mogicg
sogl ctcu aroctlvltcs. Hcilcg etca alrl jojpogicrufl aordc ericg tuhuf hcilcg
acgcg sortc hoaordc catln pcmc scct Cgmc horplalr keilac mcg pogiucsccg hcfcsc
 

ctcu aejuglacsl. Ml cgtcrc hcilcg alrl mcg acgcg fojlsnor etca, tormcpct dojhctcg
 dcrlgicg scrcn pogifuhugi ycgi mlsohut mogicg `erpus `ckkesuj.
`ckkesuj.

 ]ckcjus

Icjhcr 8.33 Hokcfcg pcmc Etca Hoscr 

 

Jogicgmugi hcmcg sok goureg ycgi jokcgdutacg lgnerjcsl jogudu etca hoscr.
]c
]ckc
kcju
juss jojl
jojlkl
klf
f mc
mctc
tc jogd
jogdcml
cml ho
hohor
horcpc
cpc ac
acto
toie
ierl
rl,, jl
jlsc
sckg
kgyc
yc so
soju
jucc sl
slgyc
gyckk
sogtufcg mcrl tcgicg. ]ckcjus duic mcpct jogoacg suctu slgyck mcg jojporhoscr 
slgyck kclggyc. Potokcf ltu tckcjus jogifcgtcracg lgnerjcsl jogudu hcilcg etca 
ycgi sosucl ugtua mltordojcfacg mcg mltcgiicpl.
 Flpetckcjus
Jogiegtrek
Jogiegtrek aokogdcr flpenlsls
flpenlsls mcg jogioaspros
jogioasproslacg
lacg horhcicl
horhcicl jc`cj ferjeg.
Flpetckcjus duic mcpct jogiegtrek sufu tuhuf, toacgcg mcrcf, rcsc kcpcr, rcsc
fcus, mcg fcsrct soasuck. Flpetckcjus duic mcpct mlsohut sohcicl pusct ao`cgmucg
acrogc mcpct mlpogicrufl ekof ehctehctcg ycgi jogljhukacg ao`cgmucg, soportl
cjpfotcjlg mcg aeaclg. Rcmc hcilcg kclg flpetckcjus, tormcpct aujpukcg sok
goureg ycgi hornugisl sohcicl dcj hlekeils.
h lekeils. Dcj hlekeils lgl jogdcic rltjo tuhuf
 

fcrlcg, soportl slakus tlmur mcg hcgiug tlmur. Ml hcilcg porjuaccg etca hoscr 
torm
tormcp
cpct
ct hc
hcil
ilcg
cg yc
ycgi
gi mlso
mlsohu
hutt to
toko
kogs
gson
onck
ckeg
eg so
sort
rtcc ml
mlogs
ogson
onck
ckeg.
eg. Rc
Rcmc
mc hc
hcil
ilcg
cg
mlogso
mlogsonck
nckeg,
eg, tormcp
tormcpct
ct hcgyca
hcgyca sujhor
sujhor aokogd
aokogdcr
cr ycgi
ycgi jogyoa
jogyoaros
roslac
lacg
g ferjeg
ferjeg,,
soport
soportll flpetc
flpetckcj
kcjus
us mcg aokogd
aokogdcr
cr pltult
pltultcrl
crl (flpen
(flpenlsl
lsls).
s). Hcilcg
Hcilcg tok
tokogs
ogsonck
onckeg
eg

jorupcacg hcilcg kucr ycgi jumcf altc cjctl mcrl jemok terse

Icjhcr 8.38 Rojhcilcg Nugisl pcmc Etca Hoscr 

Hohorcpc hcilcg mcrl fojlsnor jojpugycl tuics ycgi horhomc torfcmcp lgnerjcsl
ycgi jcsua. Hcilcg-hcilcg torsohut cmckcf sohcicl horlaut.
c. ]ojperck, horporcg mckcj jogiekcf lgnerjcsl sucrc.
sucrc.

 h. Easlpltck, horfuhugicg mogicg pogiekcfcg ljpuks `cfcyc mcrl pogiklfctcg.

`. Rcrlotck,
Rcrlotck, jorupcacg
jorupcacg pusct pogicturcg ljpuks mcrl auklt sort
sortcc horfuhugicg mogicg
 pogiogckcg peslsl tuhuf.

m. Nregtc
Nregtck,
k, jorupc
jorupcacg
acg hcilcg
hcilcg ycgi
ycgi pogtlgi
pogtlgi mckcj presos
presos lgictcg
lgictcg mcg porog`c
porog`cgcc
gccg
g
aoilctcg jcguslc.
 

h) Etca
Etca togicf
togicf
Etca togicf jorupcacg hcilcg torao`lk etca ycgi hornugisl
mckcj
mckcj slgareglscsl poriorcacg ao`lk, pusct rokcascsl mcg jeterla, sortc pusct

 pogicturcg ronkoas puplk pcmc jctc. Etca togicf torkotca ml porjuaccg hcwcf etca hoscr 
(`orohruj). Rcmc etca togicf tormcpct kehus eptl`us ycgi hornugisl sohcicl pogictur 
iorca
iorca hekc
hekc jctc.
jctc. Rcmc hcilcg
hcilcg etca
etca togicf,
togicf, hcgyca
hcgyca mlprem
mlpremuas
uasll gouretr
gouretrcgs
cgsjlt
jlttor
tor ycgi
ycgi
jogieg
jogiegtre
trekk porior
poriorcac
cacg
g kojhut
kojhut.. Dlac
Dlac tordcm
tordcmll aorusc
aoruscacg
acg pcmc hcilcg
hcilcg lgl,
lgl, ercgi
ercgi cacg
cacg
jogick
jogickcjl
cjl pogycal
pogycaltt pcralg
pcralgseg
seg.. Pohcicl
Pohcicl pusct
pusct rok
rokcas
cascsl
csl,, hcilcg
hcilcg etca
etca togicf
togicf hcgyca 
hcgyca 
jogifcslkacg gouretrcgsjlttor mepcjlg.

`) Etca
Etca hokcacgi 
hokcacgi 
Etca hokcacgi torsusug ctcs etca ao`lk (`orohokkuj), jomukc ehkegictc, mcg
 pegs vcrekl. Etca ao`lk horporcg mckcj aosoljhcgicg tuhuf mcg aeermlgcsl
iorcacg etet. Etca ao`lk cacg jogilgtoircslacg ljpuks scrcn ycgi mltorljc mcrl
slstoj iorca soflgiic horporcg pogtlgi mckcj jogdcic aosoljhcgicg tuhuf pcmc
scctt horcat
scc horcatlvl
lvltcs
tcs.. Aordc
Aordc etca
etca ao`lk
ao`lk horfuh
horfuhugic
ugicg
g mogicg
mogicg slstoj
slstoj aosolj
aosoljhcgi
hcgicg
cg
kclggyc, soportl preprlerosopter mcg sckurcg aosoljhcgicg ml toklgic ycgi jogdcic
aosoljhcgicg peslsl tuhuf. Lgnerjcsl mcrl etet hcilcg alrl mcg hcilcg acgcg tuhuf
ycgi mlekcf ml hcilcg etca hoscr cacg mltorljc ekof etca ao`lk jokckul dcrlgicg
scrc
scrcnn yc
ycgi
gi mlso
mlsohu
hutt pegs
pegs vc
vcre
rekl
kl.. Ml hcilc
hcilcg
g et
etca
ca ao
ao`l
`lkk to
torm
rmcp
cpct
ct sc
scku
kurc
rcg
g ycgi
ycgi

jogifuhugiacg cgtcrc etca mogicg sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi ycgi mlgcjcacg

jomukcc ehkegictc.
jomuk ehkegictc. Jomukc
Jomukc ehkegictc
ehkegictc horporcg
horporcg pukc mckcj jogictur
jogictur porgcpcscg,
porgcpcscg,
mogyut dcgtugi,
dcgtugi, pokohcrcg
pokohcrcg mcg pogyojpltcg
pogyojpltcg pojhukuf mcrcf, iorca jogokcg,
jogokcg, mcg
 hctua. Hctcs cgtcrc jomukc ehkegictc mcg sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi tlmca dokcs.
Ekof acrogc ltu, jomukc ehkegictc sorlgi mlsohut sohcicl sujsuj kcgdutcg.
 

Icjhcr Etca ao`lk, pegs vcrekl, mcg jomukc ehkegictc

Regs vcrekl mcg jomukc ehkegictc, sokclg horporcg sohcicl pogictur slstoj
slraukcsl
slraukcsl,, ao`opctcg
ao`opctcg motca dcgtugi, mcg pog`orgccg,
pog`orgccg, duic horporcg
horporcg mckcj pogicturcg
pogicturcg
 porgcpcscg. Hcfacg, dlac etca hoscr mcg etca ao`lk sosoercgi rusca, lc jcslf mcpct
flmup acrogc motca dcgtugi mcg porgcpcscggyc ycgi jcslf gerjck. Fck torsohut
mlacrogcacg nugisl jomukc ehkegictc ycgi jcslf hcla. Rorlstlwc lgl ujuj tordcml
 pcmc sosoercgi ycgi jogickcjl aejc ycgi horaopcgdcgicg. Horscjc etca togicf,
 pegs vcrekl mcg jomukc ehkegictc jojhogtua uglt nugislegck ycgi mlsohut hctcgi
etca (hrclgstoj
(hrclgstoj).
).

Pujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi (jomukk

(jomukkc
c splgckls
splgckls)) jorup
jorupcacg
cacg porpcgdcgicg
porpcgdcgicg mcrl
slstoj scrcn pusct. Poportl fckgyc mogicg slstoj scrcn pusct ycgi mlklgmugil ekof

togiaerca aopckc ycgi aorcs, sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi duic mlklgmugil ekof rucs-rucs
tukcgi hokcacgi. Pujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi jojcgdcgi mcrl pcgiack kofor, flgiic ao
sokcgiacgicg. Hlkc sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi lgl jogickcjl `lmorc mltojpct tortogtu,
jcacc cacg
jca cacg jojpogi
jojpogicru
crufl
fl slstoj
slstoj scrcn
scrcn mlsoal
mlsoaltcr
tcrgyc
gyc,, hcfacg
hcfacg hlsc
hlsc jogyoh
jogyohchac
chacg
g
aokujpufcg ml croc hcilcg hcwcf tuhuf, soportl cgiietc iorca hcwcf (acal).
Po`crc cgctejls, sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi jorupcacg aujpukcg slstoj scrcn 
ycgi mlklgmugil ekof rucs-rucs tukcgi hokcacgi.
 

Pujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi ctcu hlcsc mlsohut jomukkc splgckls lgl, jorupcacg
aujpukcg slstoj scrcn mcrl mcg ao etca. Po`crc rlg`l, rucs-rucs tukcgi hokcacgi ycgi
joklgmugil sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi lgl cmckcf sohcicl horlaut4
Pujsuj
Pujsuj tukcgi
tukcgi hokcac
hokcacgi
gi tormlr
tormlrll mcrl
mcrl 03 pcscgi scrcn splgckl
splgcklss ycgi tormlrl

mcrl 9 pcscgi mcrl soijog sorvlack , 38 pcscgi mcrl soijog tfercack , ? pcscgi mcrl
soij
oijog kujh
kujhck
ckls
ls,, ? pcscgi mcrl
pcscgi mcrl soijo
oijog
g sc
sc`r
`rckls mcg 3 pc
ckls pcscg
scgi
i mc
mcrl
rl so
soij
ijog
og
aexlious

Icjhcr 8.3= Jomukc Pplgckls (Pujsuj ]ukcgi Hokcacgi)

 

 ^ortohrc Porvlackls (rucs tukcgi kofor) ycgi hordujkcf 9 hucf mcg jojhogtua
mcorcf togiaua.
 ^ortohrc ]ercackls (rucs tukcgi pugiiugi) ycgi hordujkcf 38 hucf mcg
jojhogtua hcilcg hokcacgi tercx ctcu mcmc.
 ^ortohrc Kujhckls (rucs tukcgi plgiicgi) ycgi hordujkcf ? hucf mcg
jojhogtua mcorcf kujhck ctcu plgiicgi.
 ^ortohrc Pcarckls (rucs tukcgi aokcgiacgi) ycgi hordujkcf ? hucf mcg
jojhogtua es scaruj (tukcgi aokcgiacgi).
 ^ortohrc aeaslious (rucs tukcgi tugiilgi) ycgi hordujkcf = hucf mcg
jojhogtua tukcgi aeaslious (tukcgi tugiilgi)

D. Pcrcn
Pcrcn ]op
]opll Jcgus
Jcguslc
lc

Pusugcg scrcn topl tormlrl ctcs sorchut scrcn etca mcg sorchut scrcn sujsuj
tukcgi hokcacgi (splgck). Porchut scrcn sujsuj mcrl etca, aokucr mcrl etca somcgiacg
sorchut scrcn sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi aokucr mcrl sokc-sokc rucs tukcgi hokcacgi. ]lcp
 pcscgi sorchut scrcn etca cacg jogudu ao ckct tuhuf ctcu etet, jlsckgyc ao flmugi,
jctc, toklgic, mcg sohciclgyc. Plstoj scrcn topl tormlrl ctcs sorchut scrcn sogserla mcg
jeterla
jeterla ycgi jojhcwc
jojhcwc ljpuks scrcn jogudu ao mcg mcrl slstoj scrcn pusct. Plstoj
scrcn topl mlhcil jogdcml muc, hormcscracg `crc aordcgyc, ycltu sohcicl horlaut.
3) Plsto
Plstoj
j Pcrcn
Pcrcn Pcmcr 
Pcmcr 
Plstoj scrcn scmcr hoaordc ctcs mcscr aoscmcrcg mcg aojcucg altc. Aotlac
Cgmc jcacg, jogukls, horhl`crc, jcac scrcn lglkcf ycgi jogiaeermlglrgyc. Pcrcn lgl
jogo-rusacg ljpuks mcrl rosopter ao slstoj scrcn pusct, mcg jogorusacg ljpuks mcrl
slstoj scrcn pusct ao sojuc etet aorcgiac tuhuf. Plstoj scrcn scmcr tormlrl ctcs 38
 pcscgi scrcn arcglck, ycgi aokucr mcrl etca mcg 03 pcscgi scrcn splgck ycgi aokucr 
mcrl sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi 03 pcscgi scrcn splgck. Pcrcn- scrcn splgck torsohut
tormlrl ctcs ichugicg scrcn sogserla mcg jeterla. Muc hokcs pcscgi scrcn arcglck
torsohut, cgtcrc kclg sohcicl horlaut.
 

c) Pcrcn
Pcrcn ekncat
ekncaterl
erl,, scrcn
scrcn eptla,
eptla, mcg scrcn
scrcn cumlter
cumlterl.
l. Pcrcn-
Pcrcn-scr
scrcn
cn lgl jorupc
jorupcacgs
acgscrc
crcn 
n 
sogserl.

 h) Pcrcn eaukejeterl, treakocr, chmusog, splgck, flpeikesck. Aokljc scrcn torsohut
jorupcacg scrcn jeterla.

`) Pcrcn
Pcrcn trli
trlioj
ojlg
lgck
ck,, nc
ncsl
slck
ck,, ikes
ikesse
senc
ncrl
rlgi
gioc
ock,
k, mcg vc
vcius
ius.. Ao
Aooj
ojpc
pctt sc
scrc
rcnn to
tors
rsoh
ohut
ut
jorupcacg scrcn ichugicg mcrl scrcn sogserla mcg jeterla. Cicr kohlf jojcfcjl
togtcgi dogls-dogls scrcn arcglck.

8) Plsto
Plstoj
j Pcrcn ]ca Pcmcr
Pcmcr (Etegej)
(Etegej)
Plstoj scrcn lgl hoaordc tcgpc mlscmcrl, so`crc etejctls, mcg tlmca ml hcwcf
aofogmca scrcn pusct. @egtef iorcacg torsohut jlsckgyc mogyut dcgtugi, poruhcfcg
 puplk jctc, iorca ckct pog`orgccg, pogiokucrcg aorlgict, mcg kclg-kclg. Aordc scrcn 

etegej torgyctc somlalt hcgyca mlpogicrufl ekof flpetckcjus ml etca. @ehc Cgmc
lgict
lgict aojhc
aojhckl
kl nugi
nugisl
sl flpet
flpetck
ckcju
cjuss yc
ycgi
gi su
sumc
mcf
f mlmldo
dokc
kcsa
sacg
cg ml mopcg
mopcg.. Cpch
Cpchlk
lkcc
flpetc
flpetckcj
kcjus
us mlrcgi
mlrcgiscg
scgi,
i, jcac
jcac cacg
cacg horpog
horpogicr
icruf
uf tor
torfcmc
fcmcp
p iorca
iorca etegej
etegej soport
soportll
`egtef ycgi tokcf mlcjhlk, cgtcrc kclg jojpor`opct mogyut dcgtugi, jokohcracg puplk
jctc, mcg jogifcjhct
jogifcjhct aordc sckurcg
sckurcg pog`orgccg.Pl
pog`orgccg.Plstoj
stoj scrcn etegej lgl mlhomcacg
mlhomcacg
jogdcml muc.
 Pcrcn Pljpctla 
Pcrcn lgl torkotca ml mopcg rucs tukcgi hokcacgi. Nugisl scrcn lgl torutcjc
ugtua jojc`u aordc ericg tuhuf, wckcupug cmc hohorcpc ycgi jckcf jogifcjhct
ao
aord
rdcc eric
ericg
g tuhuf
tuhuf.. Nu
Nugis
gisll jojc
jojc`u
`u,, cgtcr
cgtcrcc kc
kclg
lg jojp
jojpor
or`op
`opct
ct mo
motc
tca
a dc
dcgt
gtugi
ugi,,
jojporhoscr
jojporhoscr puplk jctc, jojporhoscr
jojporhoscr hregau
hregaus.
s. Cmcpug nugisl ycgi jogifcjhct,
jogifcjhct,
cg
cgtc
tcrc
rc kclg
kclg jojp
jojpor
orkc
kcjh
jhct
ct ao
aord
rdcc ck
ckct
ct po
pog`
g`or
orgc
gccg
cg,, jo
jogi
gifc
fcjh
jhct
ct or
oroa
oasl
sl,, mc
mcg
g
jogifcjhct aegtrcasl acgtugi sogl.
 Plstoj Pcrcn Rcrcsljpctla 
Pcrcn lgl jojlklal nugisl aordc ycgi horkcwcgcg dlac mlhcgmlgiacg mogicg
scrcn sljpctla. Pcrcn pcrcsljpctla jojlklal nugisl, cgtcrc kclg jogifcjhct motca 
 dcgtugi, jojporao`lk puplk jctc, jojporao`lk hregaus, jojpor`opct aordc ckct
 

 pog`orgccg, jorcgiscgi oroasl, mcg jopor`opct aegtrcasl acgtugi sogl. Acrogc `crc
aordc aomuc scrcn ltu horkcwcgcg, jcac jogicalhctacg aocmccg ycgi gerjck.

Pcrcn Pljpctla mcg Rcrcsljpctla 

A. Aokclg
Aokclgcg
cg pcmc Plstoj Pcrcn 
3. Ptreao
Ptreao cmckcf aojctlcg sok-sok etca mlsortcl nugislgyc acrogc toricgiiugyc
cklrcg mcrcf ml etca. Rogycalt lgl sorlgiackl mlsohchacg ekof toacgcg mcrcf tlgiil
ycgi jogyohchacg po`cfgyc pojhukuf mcrcf ml etca. Pokclg ltu, ctforesaoesls duic
mcpct jogyohchacg pogyujchctcg pojhukuf mcrcf ml etca. Iodckc pogycalt lgl
 horvcrlcsl horicgtugi pcmc fohctgyc steao mcg mcorcf etca ycgi toraogc, jlsckgyc
 puslgi-puslgi, suklt hl`crc, tlmca joklfct, plgiscg, kujpuf sohokcf, hcfacg
aojctlcg
8. ]ujer Etca 
Rogycalt lgl mlsohchacg ekof cmcgyc portujhufcg klcr mcrl sok-sok scrcn,
jcupug dcrlgicg
dcrlgicg pogyeaegigyc. Cmcgyc portujhufcg torsohut
 

jogicalhctacg horhcicl icgiiucg, jukcl mcrl puslgi-puslgi, aosukltcg hordckcg,

aoflkcgicg jojerl/lgictcg, scjpcl aojctlcg.
0. Cyc
ycg
g (Opl
(Oplko
kops
psl)
l)
Rogycalt lgl mltcgmcl mogicg tljhukgyc aodcgi-aodcgi ycgi tlmca toraogmckl.

Rogmorltc oplkopsy tlmca mlporaogcgacg horcmc ml moact keacsl ycgi horhcfcyc,

sopor
soportl
tl to
topl
plcg
cg su
sugi
gicl
cl,, su
suju
jur,
r, mc
mcg
g to
tokc
kcic
ic.. Hl
Hlkc
kc ho
horc
rcmc
mc ml ke
keac
acsl
sl to
tors
rsohu
ohutt mc
mcg
g
jogick
jogickcjl
cjl aoa
aoacjh
cjhufcg
ufcg,, mla
mlacwct
cwctlra
lracg
cg cac
cacg
g tog
togiiok
iiokcj
cj acr
acrogc
ogc tlm
tlmca
ca jcj
jcjpu
pu
jogiogmcklacg iorcacg tuhufgyc. Hokuj cmc sohch ycgi dokcs jogicpc pogycalt
lgl hls tljhuk, gcjug joklfct iodckc aodcgi torsohut, mlmuic cmc icgiiucg pcmc
etca mcorcf jeterla ycgi jogictur iorcacg tuhuf.
=. Ju
Jukt
ktlp
lpko
ko P`
P`ko
kore
resl
slss
Rcmc
Rcmc er
ercg
cgi-
i-er
ercg
cgi
i mo
mogi
gicg
cg Ju
Jukt
ktlp
lpko
ko P`
P`ko
kore
resl
sls,
s, kc
kcpl
plsc
scg
g jy
jyok
oklg
lg yc
ycgi
gi
jogioklklgil sorchut scrcn jogdcml flkcgi. Podckcg mogicg fck ltu ercgi torsohut
jukcl aoflkcgicg
aoflkcgicg aojcjp
aojcjpucg
ucg ugtua jogiegtrek
jogiegtrek etet-
etet-etegyc
etegyc mcg caflrg
caflrgyc
yc tlmca 
jcjpu scjc soackl.
?. Joglg
lgi
iltl
tlss
Lgnoasl pcmc kcplscg joglgios, hcla pcmc `clrcggyc ctcupug kcplscggyc.
 

HCH LLL
ROG_]_R

C. Aosl
Aosljp
jpuk
ukcg
cg
Plstoj scrcn cmckcf suctu dcrlgicg scrcn ycgi aejpkoas, scgict afusus mcg
scklgi horfuhugicg sctu mogicg ycgi kclg. Plstoj scrcn jogiaeermlgcsl, jogcnslracg
mcg jogiegtrek lgtorcasl cgtcrc lgmlvlmu mogicg klgiaugicg kclggyc. Pok scrcn tormlrl
ctcs jlkycrcg sok goureg mcg sok pogmuaugi (goureiklc).
(goureiklc). Hormcscracg
Hormcscracg nugislgyc,
nugislgyc,
goureg mcpct mlhcil jogdcml goureg sogserla, jeterla mcg aegoater. Hormcscracg
 hogtuagyc, goureg mcpct mlhcil jogdcml goureg uglpekcr, hlpekcr mcg juktlpekcr.
Plstoj scrcn mlhcil jogdcml slstoj scrcn pusct mcg scrcn topl. Kcplscg pcmc
slstoj scrcn ycagl 4

c) Rlcjctor.
Rlcjctor. Jorupcacg
Jorupcacg sokcput pcklgi mckcj ycgi jogyokljutl
jogyokljutl slstoj scrcn pusct
pusct..
Kcplscg lgl hcgyca soackl jogicgmugi pojhukuf mcrcf.

 h) Crcafgelm. Kcplscg lgl horupc sokcput tlpls ycgi horcmc ml cgtcrc plcjctor mcg
murcjctor.

`) Murcjc
Murcjctor
tor.. Kcplsc
Kcplscg
g pcklgi
pcklgi kucr ycgi tor
torfuh
fuhugi
ugi mogicg togiaerc
togiaerca.
a. Mco
Mcorcf
rcf ml
cgtcrc plcjctor mcg crcafgelm mllsl ekof `clrcg ycgi mlsohut `clrcg sorohresplgck.
Nugisl mcrl `clrcg lgl ycagl jojhorlacg muaugicg joacgla pcmc etca mcg hoaordc
soport
soportll dcaot
dcaot poklgm
poklgmugi
ugi mcrl
mcrl clr.
clr. @clrcg
@clrcg lgl jogieg
jogiegtre
trekk oasltc
oasltchlk
hlkltc
ltcss etca
etca mogicg
mogicg

jogictur aejpeslsl leg, jojhcwc aokucr jotcheklt-jotcheklt.

Plstoj scrcn pusct jorupcacg pusct mcrl sokuruf aogmckl mcg roiukcsl pcmc
tuhuf, hcla iorcacg scmcr ctcu iorcacg etegej. Muc ericg utcjc ycgi jogdcml
 pogiiorca slstoj scrcn pusct cmckcf etca mcg sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi.
Pcrcn topl tormlrl ctcs sorchut scrcn etca mcg sorchut scrcn sujsuj tukcgi
 hokcacgi (splgck). Porchut scrcn sujsuj mcrl etca, aokucr mcrl etca somcgiacg sorchut
scrcn sujsuj tukcgi hokcacgi aokucr mcrl sokc-sokc rucs tukcgi hokcacgi. ]lcp pcscgi
sorchut scrcn etca cacg jogudu ao ckct tuhuf ctcu etet, jlsckgyc ao flmugi, jctc,
toklgic, mcg sohciclgyc.
 

MCN]CX R_P]CAC

Norlycwctl, Kltc. 822>. Cgctejl Plstoj Pcrcn mcg Rorcgcggyc mckcj

Xoiukcsl Aegtrcasl Etet Xcgiac. Jomcg 4 Ncauktcs Aomeatorcg

_P_
Lrlcgte, Aus. 822=. Ptruatur mcg Nugisl ]uhuf Jcguslc _gtua Rcrcjomls.
Rcrcjomls .
Hcgmugi 4 \rcjc Ylmyc
 Gur, Lls. 8230. Plstoj Pcrcn Rcmc Jcguslc. Hcgmugi
Hcgmugi 4 Poaekcf ]lgiil
Ncrjcsl Pcrl, Joic. 822=. Plstoj ^ogtrlaok mcg Klquer @orohresplgck.
Jomcg 4 Ncauktcs
Aomeatorcg _P_
Plgcic, Orklgtcg maa. 8233. Cgctejl Nlslekeil Jcguslc. Jomcg 4 NJLRC _gljom
 

CP_FCG AOROXCYC]CG LG]OI_JOG]

MOGICG MLA_HL]_P

EKOF4 AOKEJREA L
H38 @

C.C Crl Ylrcstutl 3<08803>8

C.C Mowl _gtcrl 3<08803>0
L Mowc Gyejcg Cklt \uml Rorjcgc Rutrc 3<08803>6
Gl Gyejcg Cgiircogl 3<08803<0
Gl Rutu Kostcrlgc 3<08803<>

RXEIXCJ P]_ML P3 AOROXCYC]CG

POAEKCF ]LGIIL LKJ_ AOPOFC]CG YLXC JOMLAC
  RRGL HCKL 823<

 AC]C ROGICG]CX 

Ej Pwcstycstu
Rudl syuaur acjl pcgdctacg aopcmc ]ufcg \cgi Jcfc Osc acrogc tokcf jojhorlacg
rcfjct mcg acruglc-Gyc aopcmc acjl soflgiic acjl jcjpu jogyokosclacg jcackcf lgl
ycgi hordumuk ‛Csufcg aoporcwctcg Lgtoiujogt
aoporcwctcg Lgtoiujogt mogicg mlauhltus
mlauhltus‚ lgl topct pcmc wcatugyc.
Mckcj jogyokosclacg poguklscg jcackcf lgl, acjl jogmcpct hcgyca hcgtucg mcrl
 horhcicl plfca mcg sujhor. Acrogc ltu acjl scgict jogifcricl hcgtucg mcrl sojuc plfca 
ycgi tokcf jojhorl acjl hcgtucg muaugicg duic sojcgict, huau-huau mcg hohorcpc sujhor 
kclggyc soflgiic tuics lgl hlsc torwudum. Ekof acrogc ltu, jokckul jomlc lgl acjl scjpclacg
u`cpcg torljc acslf aopcmc sojuc plfca ycgi tokcf jojhcgtu pojhuctcg jcackcf lgl.

Acjll jogycm
Acj jogycmcrl
crl hcfwc
hcfwc jcackc
jcackcf
f lgl jcslf
jcslf hcgyca
hcgyca aoaurc
aoaurcgic
gicggy
ggycc mcg dcuf
dcuf mcrl
mcrl
aosojpurgccg
aosojpurgccg acrogc aotorhctcscg
aotorhctcscg aojcjpucg mcg lkju pogiotcfucg
pogiotcfucg ycgi acjl jlklal.
jlklal.
Jcacc ltu acjl
Jca acjl mcrl
mcrl plfca
plfca pogyu
pogyusug
sug scgict
scgict jogifc
jogifcrcp
rcpacg
acg scrcg
scrcg mcg arltla ycgi mcpct
mcpct
jojetlvcsl scyc cicr mcpct kohlf hcla kcil mljcsc ycgi cacg mctcgi.

Ej Pcgtlf, Pcgtlf, Pcgtlf Ej

Mogpcscr, Cprlk 8282

Rogyusug
 

MCN]CX LPL

AC]C ROGICG]CX…………………………………………………………...3

MCN]CX LPL……………………………………………………………………..8

HCH L ROGMCF_K_CG

3.3 Kctcr Hokcacgi…………………………………………………………….…..=

HCH LL

 CPAOR……………………………………………………………………….,…30

HCH LLL ROG_]_R

0.3 Pljpukcg………………………………………………………………………80

0.8 Pcrcg………………………………………………………………………….8=

MCN]CX R_P]CAC
 

HCH L

ROGMCF_K_CG

3.3 Kctcr
Kctcr hokcacg
hokcacgi
i

Plstoj Ljug cmckcf slstoj portcfcgcg jcguslc sohcicl porklgmugicg torfcmcp lgnoasl mcrl
jcarej
jcarejeko
ekoauk
auk cslgi
cslgi ctcu
ctcu sorcgic
sorcgicg
g ericgl
ericglsjo,
sjo, torjcsu
torjcsua
a vlrus,
vlrus, hcatorl
hcatorl,, pretez
pretezec
ec mcg
 pcrcslt.Plstoj aoaohckcg ctcu slstoj ljug cmckcf slstoj porklgmugicg pogicruf kucr hlekeils
ycgi mlkcauacg ekof sok mcg ericg afusus pcmc suctu ericglsjo.

Auklt jorupcacg ericg tuhuf torkucr ycgi torpogtlgi ycgi hornugisl sohcicl scwcr (hcrrlor),
acrogc auklt jorupcacg ericg pojlscf cgtcrc hcilcg ml mckcj tuhuf mogicg klgiaugicg ml
kucr tuhuf. Auklt so`crc torus-jogorus torpcdcg torfcmcp ncater klgiaugicg, horupc ncater 
nlsla, aljlcwl, jcupug hlekeila.

Hcilcg torpogtlgi auklt ugtua jogdckcgacg nugislgyc sohcicl scwcr cmckcf kcplscg pcklgi
kucr,
kucr, mlsohu
mlsohutt sohcic
sohcicll strctuj
strctuj aergou
aergouj
j ctcu auklt
auklt crl.Josa
crl.Josalpu
lpug
g aotohc
aotohckcg
kcg auklt
auklt fcgyc
fcgyc 3?
jlkljlare, gcjug scgict hornugisl sohcicl pogycrlgi hogmc cslgi ycgi jcsua ao mckcj

tuhuf. Cpchlkc tordcml aoruscacg ycgi mlsohchacg ekof ncater klgiaugicg mcg jokcjpcul
 acpcsltcs tekorcgsl sortc mcyc pogyojhufcg auklt, jcac cacg tordcml pogycalt.
Moauhltus jorupcacg aoruscacg auklt pcmc suctu croc mcg mcscr dcrlgicg ycgi mlsohchacg
ekof tukcgi ycgi jogegdek, sohcicl calhct mcrl toacgcg, poriosorcg, iosoacg ctcu aejhlgcsl
mcrl hohorcpc fck torsohut (GR_CR, 823=). Pomcgiacg jogurut Rorry
Rorry ot ck, (8238) moauhltus
moauhltus
cmckcf
cmckcf kuac
kuac pcmc
pcmc auklt
auklt mcg ctcu dcrlgi
dcrlgicg
cg mlhcwc
mlhcwcfgy
fgyc,
c, hlcscg
hlcscgyc
yc mlsohc
mlsohchac
hacg
g ekof
ekof cmcgyc
cmcgyc
 pogegdekcg tukcgi, sohcicl calhct mcrl toacgcg ctcu aejhlgcsl
aejhlgcsl toacgcg mogicg icyc iosor mcg
ctcu iosoacg.

C. CGC]EJ
CGC]EJLL NL
NLPLE
PLEKEI
KEILL

Auklt jorupcacg hcrlor pretoatln ycgi jojlklal nugisl vltck soportl porklgmugicg torfcmcp
aegmlsl kucr klgiaugicg hcla mcrl pogicruf nlsla jcupug pogicruf aljlc, sortc jog`oicf
aokohlfcg aoflkcgicg clr mcrl tuhuf mcg horporcg sohcicl torjeroiukcsl. Auklt horslnct kogtur 
mcg okcstls ycgi jogutupl sokuruf porjuaccg tuhuf mcg jorupcacg 3?% mcrl tetck horct
 hcmcg ercgi mowcsc (Rcuk ot ck .,
., 8233). Nugisl pretoasl auklt cmckcf joklgmugil tuhuf mcrl
aoflkcgicg `clrcg okoatreklt, trcujc joacgla mcg rcmlcsl uktrcvlekot, sohcicl hcrlor mcrl lgvcsl

jlaree
jlareeric
ricgls
glsjo
jo pctei
pcteiog,
og, jorospe
jorospeg
g rcgisc
rcgiscgic
gicg
g sogtuf
sogtufcg,
cg, rcsc
rcsc scalt
scalt mcg pcgcs
pcgcs acrogc
acrogc
tormcp
tormcpct
ct hcgyca
hcgyca udugi
udugi scrcn,
scrcn, tojpct
tojpct pogylj
pogyljpcg
pcgcg
cg gutrlsl
gutrlsl mcg clr ycgi
ycgi mcpct
mcpct mliugc
mliugcacg
acg
cpchlkc tordcml pogurugcg vekujo mcrcf mcg tojpct tordcmlgyc jotcheklsjo vltcjlg M. Auklt
tormlrl mcrl muc kcplscg ycgi horhomc, kcplscg kucr cmckcf oplmorjls ycgi jorupcacg kcplscg
opltok mcg kcplscg mckcj ycltu morjls ycgi jorupcacg suctu kcplscg dcrlgicg lact.
3.Oplmorjls
Oplmo
Oplmorjl
rjlss jorupc
jorupcacg
acg kcplscg
kcplscg torkuc
torkucrr auklt
auklt ycgi
ycgi tormlrl
tormlrl mcrl
mcrl opltok
opltok horkcp
horkcpls
ls hortcg
hortcgmua
mua,,
jogicgmug
jogicgmugi
i sok jckegeslt,
jckegeslt, Kcgiorfcgs
Kcgiorfcgs mcg joraok.
joraok. ]ohck oplmorjls horhomc-homc
horhomc-homc pcmc
 horhcicl tojpct ml tuhuf, pcklgi tohck tormcpct pcmc tokcpca tcgicg mcg acal. Aotohckcg
oplmorjls
oplmorjls fcgyc soaltcr
soaltcr ?% mcrl sokuruf
sokuruf aotohckcg
aotohckcg auklt. Oplmorjls tormlrl ctcs kljc kcplscg
(mcrl kcplscg ycgi pcklgi ctcs scjpcl ycgi tormckcj) ycltu strctuj aergouj, strctuj kuslmuj,
strctuj ircgukesuj, strctuj splgesuj mcg strctuj hcscko (strctuj Iorjlgctuj) (Rcuk ot ck .,
.,
8233).
3)Morjls
Morjls torsusug ekof sok-sok mckcj horhcicl hogtua mcg aocmccg, morjls torutcjc tormlrl mcrl
sorchut
sorchut aekcio
aekciog
g mcg okcstlg
okcstlg.. Porchu
Porchut-so
t-sorch
rchut
ut aekcio
aekciog
g jogohc
jogohckk mcg slgtos
slgtoscc aekcio
aekciog
g cacg
cacg
  horaurcgi solrlgi mogicg hortcjhcfgyc uslc. Pomcgiacg sorchut okcstlg torus joglgiact mcg

jogohc
jogohck,
k, acgmu
acgmugic
gicg
g okcstlg
okcstlg auklt
auklt jcgusl
jcguslcc joglgi
joglgiact
act alrc-a
alrc-alrc
lrc ? ackl
ackl mcrl
mcrl notus
notus scjpcl
scjpcl
mowcsc. Rcmc uslc kcgdut aekciog cacg scklgi horslkcgi mckcj dujkcf ycgi hoscr mcg sorchut
okcstlg cacg horaurcgi jogicalhctacg auklt tordcml aoflkcgicg aokogturcgcggyc mcg tcjpca 
 horaorlput. Ml mckcj morjls tormcpct neklaok rcjhut, pcplkkc rcjhut, aokogdcr aorlgict,
sckurcg aorlgict, aokogdcr sohcsoc, etet pogoica rcjhut, udugi pojhukuf mcrcf mcg udugi
scrcn mcg sohcilcg sorchut kojca ycgi tormcpct pcmc kcplscg kojca hcwcf auklt (Rcuk ot ck .,
.,
8233).
3. Kcplscg Puhautcg

Kcplscg suhautcg jorupcacg kcplscg mlhcwcf morjls ycgi tormlrl mcrl kcplscg kojca. Kcplscg lgl
torm
tormcp
cpct
ct dcrlg
dcrlgic
icg
g la
lact
ct yc
ycgi
gi jogi
jogifu
fuhu
hugi
giac
acg
g au
aukl
kltt so`cr
so`crcc ke
kegi
giic
icrr mo
mogi
gicg
cg dc
dcrl
rlgi
gicg
cg ml
 hcwcfgyc. Dujkcf mcg uaurcggyc horhomc-homc jogurut mcorcf tuhuf mcg aocmccg gutrlsl
lgmlvlmu. Hornugisl jogugdcgi supkcl mcrcf ao morjls ugtua roiogorcsl (Rcuk ot ck .,
., 8233).

 
 H.O]LEKEIL
3. Ncater ]oacgcg
c. Jehlkltcs mcg Catlvltcs

Jehlk
Jehlkltcs
ltcs cmckcf
cmckcf aojcjp
aojcjpucg
ucg ugtua
ugtua jogiuh
jogiuhcf
cf mcg jogieg
jogiegtre
trekk peslsl
peslsl tuhuf,
tuhuf,
somcg
somcgia
iacg
cg ca
catl
tlnlt
nltcs
cs cm
cmck
ckcf
cf ao
aojc
jcjp
jpuc
ucg
g ug
ugtu
tua
a ho
horp
rplg
lgmc
mcf.
f. Rc
Rcsl
slog
og mo
mogi
gicg
cg
 horhcrlgi torusjogorus mltojpct tlmur tcgpc jcjpu ugtua joruhcf peslsl
 horoslae tlgiil ugtua toraogc moauhltus. Ljehlkltcs cmckcf ncater ycgi pcklgi
sligl
sliglnl
nlac
acg
g mc
mckc
kcj
j ao
aodc
dcml
mlcg
cg mo
moau
auhl
hltu
tus.
s. Po
Pomc
mcgi
giac
acg
g ljeh
ljehlkl
lkltc
tcss pc
pcmc
mc kcgslc
kcgslc
jorupcacg aotlmcajcjpucg ugtua joruhcf peslsl tuhuf tcgpc hcgtucg ycgi
mlsohchacg
mlsohchacg ekof moprosl
moprosl @GP (Dcuk. 8232).
8232). Cmc hohorcpc pogokltlcg
pogokltlcg prespoatln 
prespoatln 
jcupug rotrespoatln ycgi jogilmogtlnlacsl ncater sposlnla pogyohch ljehlkltcs
mcg lgcatlnltcs, mlcgtcrcgyc Pplgck @erm Lgdury (P@L),
(P@L), streao, s`koresls ,
 streao, juktlpko s`koresls,

trcu
trcujc
jc (jlsc
(jlsckg
kgyc
yc pc
pctc
tcf
f tu
tukc
kcgi
gi),
), eh
ehosl
osltc
tcs,
s, ml
mlch
chot
otos,
os, ao
aoru
rusc
scac
acg
g ae
aeig
iglt
ltln
ln,,
 pogiiugccg ehct (soportl somctlvo, flpgetla, mcg cgckiosla), sortc tlgmcacg
 pojhomcfcg ( CYJC,8238).
 CYJC,8238).
h. Rogurugcg Rorsopsl Pogserl
Rcslog mogicg icgiiucg porsopsl sogserla tormcpct gyorl mcg toacgcg kohlf horoslae
jogickcjl icgiiucg lgtoirltcs auklt mcrlpcmc pcslog mogicg sogscsl gerjck.
Rcslog mogicg icgiiucg porsopsl sogserla tormcpct gyorl mcg toacgcg cmckcf
 pcslog ycgi tlmca jcjpu jorcscacg acpcg sogscsl pcmc hcilcg tuhuf joroac

joglgiact, cmcgyc toacgcg ycgi kcjc, ctcu gyorl mcg ekof acrogc ltu pcslog

tcgpc aojcjpucg ugtua jorcscacg hcfwc tormcpct gyorl ctcu toacgcg cacg
jogyohchacg roslae horaojhcgigyc moauhltus (Rettor & Rorry, 8232).
3. Ncat
Ncater
er ]ek
]ekorc
orcgs
gsll Dcrlg
Dcrlgic
icg
g4
c. Nc
Ncat
ater
er Lgtr
Lgtrlg
lgsl
sla
a4
3) Gutrlsl
Flpeck
Flpeckhuj
hujlg,
lg, aoflkc
aoflkcgic
gicg
g horct
horct hcmcg
hcmcg mcg jckgut
jckgutrlsl
rlsl ujujgy
ujujgycc mllmog
mllmogtln
tlnlac
lacsl
sl
sohcicl ncater promlspeslsl torfcmcp tordcmlgyc moauhltus, torutcjc pcmc kcgslc.

Morcdc
Morcdctt LL
LLLL mcg
mcg L^ mcrl
mcrl moau
moauhl
hltu
tuss pc
pcmc
mc er
ercg
cgi
i tu
tucc ho
horf
rfuh
uhug
ugic
icg
g mo
mogi
gicg
cg
 pogurugcg horct hcmcg, rogmcfgyc acmcr ckhujlg, mcg lgtcao jcacgcg ycgi
 tlmca jog`uaupl. Jogurut Dcuk (8232), cmc aerokcsl ycgi auct cgtcrc stctus
gutrlsl ycgi hurua mogicg poglgiactcg roslae moauhltus. Aokkor, (8228) duic
jogyohutacg hcfwc 9?% mcrl pcslog mogicg soruj ckhujlg mlhcwcf 0? i/k
 horoslae tordcmlgyc moauhltus mlhcgmlgiacg mogicg 3> % pcslog mogicg kovok
soruj ckhujlg ycgi kohlf tlgiil. Rcslog ycgi kovok soruj ckhujlggyc ml hcwcf
0 i/322 jk kohlf horoslae tlgiil jogickcjl kuac mcrlpcmc pcslog ycgi kovok
ckhujlg tlgiil (Rettor & Rorry, 8232).
8) _jur / _slc
Rcslog ycgi sumcf tuc jojlklal roslae tlgiil ugtua toraogc moauhltus acrogc auklt
mcg dcrlgic
dcrlgicg
g cacg
cacg horuhc
horuhcf
f solrlgi
solrlgi mogicg
mogicg presos
presos pogucc
poguccg.
g. 92% moauhl
moauhltus
tus
tord
tordcm
cmll pcmc
pcmc er
ercg
cgi
i ycgi
ycgi horu
horusl
slcc ko
kohl
hlf
f mc
mcrl
rl 92 tc
tcfu
fug.
g. Po
Polr
lrlg
lgi
i mogi
mogicg
cg
joglgiactgyc uslc cacg hormcjpca pcmc poruhcfcg auklt ycgi ml lgmlacslacg
mogicg pogifuhugi morjls-oplmorjls ycgi rctc (nkct), pogurugcg dujkcf sok,
aoflkcgicg okcstlsltcs auklt, kcplscg suhautcg ycgi joglpls, pogiurcgicg jcssc
etet, mcg pogurugcg pornusl mcg easliogcsl vcsaukcr lgtrcmorjck (Dcuk, 8232)
somcgiacg jogurut Rettor & Rorry, (822?) >2% - <2% moauhltus mlckcjl ekof
 pcslog mogicg uslc >? tcfug aoctcs.
0) ]oac
]oacgc
gcg
g cr
crtor
torle
lekcr 
kcr 
]oacgcg crtorlekcr ycgi rogmcf cacg jogiurcgil tekorcgsl auklt torfcmcp toacgcg
soflgiic mogicg cpklacsl toacgcg ycgi rogmcf sumcf jcjpu jogicalhctacg
 dcrlgicg jogdcml lsaojlc.
 h. Ncater oastrlgsla 4
3) Aoko
Aokoj
jhch
hchcg

Cmcgy
Cmcgycc aokojh
aokojhchc
chcg
g mcg murcsl
murcsl aokojh
aokojhchc
chcg
g pcmc
pcmc auklt
auklt joglgi
joglgiact
actacg
acg roslae
roslae
 pojhogtuacg aodcmlcg moauhltus. Aokojhchcg auklt mcpct horcsck mcrl mrclgcso

kuac, porsplrcsl ycgi horkohlfcg, sortc lgaegtlgogslc noack mcg urlgo (Rettor &
Rorr
Rorry,
y, 82
8232
32).
). Aoko
Aokojh
jhch
chcg
cg yc
ycgi
gi mlso
mlsohc
hcha
hacg
cg ac
acrog
rogcc lg
lgae
aegt
gtlg
lgog
ogsl
slcc mc
mcpc
pctt
jogi
jogica
calh
lhcta
ctacg
cg tord
tordcm
cmlg
lgyc
yc jcsor
jcsorcsl
csl pc
pcmc
mc dc
dcrl
rlgi
gicg
cg au
aukl
klt.
t. Dc
Dcrlg
rlgic
icg
g yc
ycgi
gi
jogickcjl jcsorcsl cacg jumcf jogickcjl oresl. Pokclg ltu, aokojhchcg duic
jogi
jogica
calh
lhcta
ctacg
cg au
aukl
kltt jumc
jumcf
f torao
toraogc
gc po
pori
rioso
osoac
acg
g (nrl
(nrl`t
`tle
leg)
g) mcg porios
poriosorc
orcg
g
 (sfocr).. Lgaegtlgogslc ckvl kohlf sliglnlacg mckcj poraojhcgicg kuac mcrlpcmc
(sfocr)
lgaegtlgogslc urlgo acrogc cmcgyc hcatorl mcg ogzlj pcmc nosos ycgi mcpct
joglgi
joglgiact
actacg
acg RF auklt
auklt soflgi
soflgiic
ic mcpct
mcpct jorusc
jorusca
a porjua
porjuaccg
ccg auklt
auklt ( CYJC
 CYJC,,
8238).
8) Iosoacg
Icyc iosoa (Nrl`tleg) cmckcf toacgcg pcmc muc porjuaccg horiorca joklgtcsl sctu
mcg ycgi kclggyc soportl toacgcg joacgla ycgi mliugcacg scct auklt mltcrla 
joklgt
joklgtcsl
csl porjua
porjuaccg
ccg acscr soportl
soportl soprol ctcu klg
klgog tojpc
tojpctt tlmur (YE@GP,
8220). @lmorc calhct iosoacg jojogicrufl oplmorjls ctcu kcplscg auklt ycgi
 pcklgi ctcs. Auklt cacg jorcf, gyorl mcg toracmcgi mlsohut sohcicl hcilcg ycgi
torhca
torhcacr.
cr. @lmorc
@lmorc calhct
calhct icyc
icyc iosoa
iosoa tordcm
tordcmll pcmc
pcmc pcslog
pcslog ycgi
ycgi ioklscf
ioklscf,, ycgi
ycgi
jojlklal poriorcacg ycgi tlmca toraegtrek soportl aocmccg spcsjo mcg pcmc
 pcslog ycgi aukltgyc mltcrla huacg mlcgiact mcrl porjuaccg tojpct tlmur sokcjc
 poruhcfcg peslsl (Rettor & Rorry, 8232). Roriosoacg tordcml aotlac muc
 porjuaccg horiorca mogicg crcf ycgi horkcwcgcg. Roriosoacg mcpct
jogicalhctacg chrcsl mcg jorusca porjuaccg oplmorjls auklt. Roriosoacg hlcs
tordcml pcmc scct poricgtlcg soprol pcslog ycgi tlmca horfctl-fctl.
0) Rorio
riosor
sorcg

Icyc iosor cmckcf poglgiactcg toacgcg ycgi sodcdcr pcmc auklt ycgi horcsck mcrl
icyc ircvltcsl, ycgi jogoacg tuhuf mcg tcfcgcg (iosoacg) mlcgtcrc pcslog mcg
 porjuaccg (Rettor & Rorry, 8232). @egtef ycgi pcklgi sorlgi cmckcf aotlac
 pcslog mlpeslslacg pcmc peslsl sojl  newkor ycgi jokohlfl 02². Fck lgl duic
mlmuaugi ekof porgyctccg mcrl Dcuk (8232) hcfwc pcmc kcgslc cacg `ogmorugi
joresett aohcwcf
jorese aohcwcf aotlac
aotlac mumua
mumua pcmc aursl ctcu peslsl horhcrlgi
horhcrlgi mogicg
mogicg aopckc
aopckc
tojpct
tojpct tlmur
tlmur mlgcla
mlgclaacg
acg kohlf
kohlf mcrl
mcrl 02².
02². Rcmc
Rcmc peslsl
peslsl lgl pcslog
pcslog hlsc
hlsc jorese
joresett
aohcwcf, soflgiic jogicalhctacg tukcgigyc horiorca aohcwcf gcjug aukltgyc

jcslf tortlgiick. Fck lgl mcpct jogicalhctacg eakusl mcrl pojhukuf mcrcf, sortc
aoruscacg pcmc dcrlgicg hcilcg mckcj soportl etet, gcjug fcgyc jogljhukacg
somlalt aoruscacg pcmc porjuaccg auklt.

 
 @. JCGLNO
JCGLNOP]
P]CPL
CPL AKLGLP
AKLGLP
]ordcml pcmc pcslog-pcslog pcrcpkoilc, qucmrlpkoil, splgc hlnlmc, juktlpko saoresls mcg ljehlklscsl
kcjc ml rujcf scalt.
Jogurut Rorry ot ck, (8238) Kuac moauhltus mlhcil jogdcml = stcmluj, ycltu4
3. Pt
Ptcm
cmlu
luj
j L4 ukso
uksorcs
rcsll torh
torhct
ctcs
cs pc
pcmc
mc op
oplm
lmor
orjl
jlss mc
mcg
g mo
morj
rjls
ls mo
mogi
gicg
cg orlto
orltojc
jc pc
pcmc
mc au
aukl
klt.
t.
Rogmorltc
Rogmorltc mogicg
mogicg sogslhlkltcs
sogslhlkltcs hcla cacg jogiokuf gyorl, stcmluj lgl hlcscgyc
hlcscgyc rovorslhko
rovorslhko
mcg mcpct sojhuf mckcj ?-32 fcrl.

]cgm
]cgmcc mc
mcg
g io
iodc
dckc
kc44 cm
cmcg
cgyc
yc po
poru
ruhc
hcfc
fcg
g mc
mcrl
rl au
aukl
kltt yc
ycgi
gi mc
mcpc
pctt ml
mleh
ehsor
sorvc
vcsl
sl.. Roru
Roruhc
hcfc
fcg
g
tojporcturo
tojporcturo auklt (kohlf mlgilg ctcu kohlf fcgict), poruhcfcg
poruhcfcg aegslstogsl
aegslstogsl dcrlgicg (kohlf
aorcs ctcu kugca), poruhcfcg sogscsl (ictck ctcu gyorl), pcmc ercgi ycgi horauklt putlf
kuacc jugial
kua jugialg
g kuac
kuac torklfc
torklfctt sohcic
sohcicll aojorcf
aojorcfcg
cg ycgi
ycgi jogotcp
jogotcp.. Pomcgi
Pomcgiacg
acg pcmc
pcmc ycgi
ycgi
 horauklt horwcrgc iokcp, kuac cacg aoklfctcg sohcicl wcrgc jorcf ycgi jogotcp, hlru
ctcu ugiu.
8. Ptcmluj
Ptcmluj LL4 _ksorcsl
_ksorcsl jogiogcl
jogiogcl morjls,
morjls, oplmorjls
oplmorjls mcg jokucs
jokucs ao dcrlgicg
dcrlgicg cmlpeso
cmlpeso torklfct
torklfct
orltojc
orltojc mcg lgmurc
lgmurcsl
sl sortc
sortc aorusc
aoruscacg
acg auklt
auklt pcrtlc
pcrtlckk (oplmo
(oplmorjl
rjlss mcg sohcil
sohcilcg
cg morjls
morjls))
mltcgmcl mogicg cmcgyc ko`ot mcg kujpuf. Ptcmluj lgl mcpct sojhuf mckcj 32-3? fcrl.

]cgmc
]cgmc mcg iodckc4
iodckc4 flkcgi
flkcgigyc
gyc sohcil
sohcilcg
cg kcplscg
kcplscg auklt
auklt ycltu
ycltu oplmor
oplmorjls
jls ctcu
ctcu morjls
morjls,, ctcu
aomucgyc. @lrlgyc cmckcf kuacgyc mupornl`lck, chrcsl, jokojpuf, ctcu jojhogtua kuhcgi
ycgi mcgiack.

0. Ptcmlu
Ptcmluj
j LLL4 _ksorcsl
_ksorcsl jokucs
jokucs scjpcl
scjpcl ao kcplscg
kcplscg kojca
kojca suhautls
suhautls mcg etet sumcf
sumcf jukcl
jukcl
toricgi
toricgiiu
iu mogicg
mogicg cmcgyc
cmcgyc omojc
omojc mcg lgnkcj
lgnkcjcsl,
csl, lgnoasl
lgnoasl cacg
cacg flkcgi
flkcgi struatu
struaturr nlhrlk
nlhrlk..
Aoruscacg sokuruf kcplscg auklt scjpcl suhautls, tlmca jokowctl ncs`lc. Hlcscgyc sojhuf
mckcj 0-6 jlgiiu.

]cgmc mcg iodckc4 flkcgigyc kcpscg auklt so`crc kogiacp, joklputl aoruscacg ctcu goaresls
mcrl dcrlgicg suhautcg cttcu kohlf mckcj, tcpl tlmca scjpcl pcmc ncs`lc. Kuac torklfct
soportl kuhcgi ycgi mckcj.
=. Ptcmluj
Ptcmluj L^4 _ksorcsl
_ksorcsl mcg goaresl
goareslss jokucs jogiog
jogiogcl
cl ncslc, etet
etet sortc sogml.
sogml. Mcpct
Mcpct sojhuf
sojhuf

mckcj 0-> hukcg.

]cgmc mcg iodckc4 Flkcgigyc kcplscg auklt so`crc kogiacp mogicg aoruscac kucs, goaresls
 dcrlgicg, aoruscacg pcmc etet, tukcgi ctcu togmeg. Cmcgyc kuhcgi ycgi mckcj sortc

 
 sckurcg slgus duic torjcsua mckcj stcmluj L^.

M.RC]ENLPLEKEIL
]oacgcg ljehlklscsl ycgi kcjc cacg jogichlhctacg tordcmlgyc moauhltus, hlkc sckcf sctu hcilcg
tuhuf horcmc pcmc suctu ircmlogt (tltla porhomccg cgtcrc muc toacgcg). Dcrlgicg ycgi kohlf
mckcj moact tukcgi, torutcjc dcrlgicg etet mogicg supkcl mcrcf ycgi hcla cacg horiosor 
aocrcf ircmlogt ycgi kohlf rogmcf, sojogtcrc auklt mlportcfcgacg pcmc porjuaccg aegtca 
ekof
ekof nlsl
nlsla
a ycgi
ycgi so
sojc
jcal
alg
g jogl
joglgi
giac
actt mogi
mogicg
cg to
torm
rmcp
cpct
ctgy
gycc ao
aoko
kojh
jhch
chcg
cg,, ao
aocm
cmcc
ccg
g lg
lgll
jogyohchacg poroicgicg mcg cgiiukcsl pojhukuf mcrcf (jlareslraukcsl) mcrcf ycgi mckcj
sortcc jogick
sort jogickcjl
cjl icyc
icyc iosor
iosor dcrlgi
dcrlgicg
cg ycgi
ycgi mckcj,
mckcj, lgl cacg
cacg jogdcm
jogdcmll lsaojl
lsaojlcc mcg mcpct
jogickcjl goaresls sohokuj horkcgdut ao auklt.

RC]YC\
Ncater toacgcg, tekorcgsl dcrlgicg (okcstlsltcs auklt calhct joguc) murcsl
mcg hoscr toacgcg

  Iosoacg ]oacgcg oastorgc 7 Jehlkltcs mcg catlnltcs

toacgcg mcscr  jogurug

  chrcsl
Cklrcg mcrcf ao
 dcrlgicg soaltcr 
Kcp. Auklt jogurug
 horiosor 
Dcrlgicg flpeslc

@lmorc lsaojla 

Roj. Mcrcf Aekcps

 Gyorl caut
Lsaojlc etet
Aoruscacg lgtoirltcs auklt
 G orl
Moauhltus

Roruhcfcg tojporcturo auklt

ROJKcp.
O. ROJOXL Auklt CG
OXLAPC
APCCG flkcgi
ROG_GDCGI Flkcgi sohcilcg kcp.
ROG_GDCGI Xlslae lgnoasl
so`crc kogiacp mcg Auklt mcg tordcml kuac
3. Auktur4
Auktu
kuac r4 portujhu
portujhufcg
mckcj fcg jlaree
jlareericgl
ricglsjo
sjo tlrucg
tlrucg ctcu
ctcu sok-sok
sok-sok dcrlgicg
dcrlgicg
8. Ckhujlg
Ckhujlg soruj4
soruj4 pretolg
pretolg mckcj pkcsjc
pkcsjc mcg `clrcg
`clrcg soresc
soresc kclg.
kclg.
Kcp.
0. Ro
Rojo
jorlAuklt
rlas
asccflkcgi
ccgg mcr
mcrcf
cf
so`crc kogiacp mcg Icgiiucg `ltrc tuhuf
jokucs
 Aeplgi tlmca onoatln 
]lg
]lg ac
actt aosc
aoscal
altc
tcg
g
 

Rojorlasccg joklputl4 IMP 7822 ji/mk, iukc mcrcf pucsc 7382 ji/mk mcg muc dcj
 pest prcgmlck 7822 ji/mk
=. _rlgo

Rojorlasccg mlmcpctacg cmcgyc ikuaesc mckcj urlgo. Rojorlasccg mlkcauacg mogicg

`crc Hogoml`t (romuasl). Fcslk mcpct mlklfct jokckulporuhcfcg wcrgc pcmc urlgo4
fldcu, auglgi, jorcf, mcg jorcf hctc.
?. Jogiot
Jogiotcfu
cfull dogls
dogls aujcg pcmc kuac mcg jojhorl
jojhorlacg
acg cgtlhle
cgtlhletl`
tl` ycgi sosucl
sosucl mogicg
mogicg
 dogls aujcg

Rorry ot ck, (8238)

N. RO
ROGC
GC]C
]CKC
KCAP
APCG
CGCC
CCG
G
3. Rorc
Rorcwc
wctc
tcg
g kuac
kuac moa
moauh
uhlt
ltus
us
8. _scfc
_scfc pog`o
pog`oicf
icfcg
cg aocmcc
aocmccg
g ycgi
ycgi kohlf
kohlf hurua 
hurua 
0. Jogiurcgil
Jogiurcgil toacgcg
toacgcg mogicg
mogicg `crc jogiuhcf
jogiuhcf peslsl
peslsl sokcjc
sokcjc ? joglt
joglt sotlcp 8 dcj.
=. Jogiiu
Jogiiugca
gcacg
cg ckcs tlmur ycgi ojpua,
ojpua, aorlgi
aorlgi mcg aohorslf
aohorslfcg
cg auklt mldcic
mldcic dcgicg
dcgicg
scjpcl aeter acrogc urlgo mcg nosos
?. ]orcp
rcpl e
eh
hct4
ct4
- Ehct
Ehct cgtlhc`
cgtlhc`torl
torlck
ck tepl`c
tepl`ckk ugtua
ugtua jogieg
jogiegtre
trekk portujh
portujhufc
ufcg
g hcator
hcatorll
- Cgtlhl
Cgtlhletl
etla
a prup
pruplkc
lkcasl
aslss cicr
cicr kuac
kuac tlmc
tlmca
a torl
torlgno
gnoasl
asl
>. ]orcp
rcpl mlot

Cicr tordcml presos pogyojhufcg kuac `opct, jcac gutrlsl fcrus cmoauct ycgi tormlrl
mcrl ackerl, pretolg, vltcjlg, jlgorck mcg clr.
9. Jogi
Jogicg
cgia
iact
ct dcrl
dcrlgi
gicg
cg goar
goaret
etla
la.. Cmcg
Cmcgyc
yc dc
dcrl
rlgi
gicg
cg go
goar
aret
etla
la pc
pcmc
mc uk
ukau
auss ca
cacg
cg
jogi
jogifc
fcjh
jhct
ct cklrc
cklrcg
g ho
hohc
hcss mc
mcrl
rl hc
hcfc
fcg
g yc
ycgi
gi to
torl
rlgn
gnoa
oasl
sl mc
mcg
g ac
acrog
rogcg
cgyc
yc du
duic
ic
jogfcj
jogfcjhct
hct pojhog
pojhogtua
tuacg
cg dcrlgi
dcrlgicg
cg ircguc
ircgucsl
sl mcg opltokl
opltoklscsl
scsl.. Ekrf
Ekrf acrogc
acrogc ltu
 pogicgiactcg dcrlgicg goaretla cacg jojpor`opct
jojpor`opct presos pogyojhufcg.

]ormcpct 0 jotemo ycgi mcpct mlkcauacg cgtcrc kclg4

c. Pfcrp mhrlmojogt
mhrlmojogt (mogicg
(mogicg plscu,
plscu, iugtlgi,
iugtlgi, mcg kclg-kclg)
kclg-kclg)

 h. Ogzyjctl` mohrlmojogt (mogicg ogzlj pretekltla, aekciog-kltla, mcg

nlhrlgekltla)
`. Jo`fcgl`ck
Jo`fcgl`ck mohrlmojo
mohrlmojogt
gt (mogicg
(mogicg tofgla
tofgla pog`u`lcg,
pog`u`lcg, pojhlk
pojhlkcscg,
cscg, aejpros
aejpros mcg
 flmretorcpl)

6. ]lg
lgm
mca
cacg
cg hom
homcf so
sokc
kclg
lg ug
ugtu
tua
a poj
pojho
hors
rslf
lfcg
cg uka
kau
us du
dui
ic ml
mlp
por
orku
kuac
acg
g ugtu
gtua 
jojpor
jojpor`op
`opct
ct pogyoj
pogyojhuf
hufcg
cg mcg pogutu
pogutupcg
pcg ukaus,
ukaus, torutc
torutcjc
jc ukaus
ukaus moauhl
moauhltus
tus
stcm
stcmlu
luj
j LL
LLLL cg L^ mcg
mcg acro
acrogc
gcgy
gycc so
sorl
rlgi
gi ml
mlkc
kcau
auac
acg
g tc
tcgm
gmur
ur au
aukl
kltt ct
ctcu
cupu
pug
g

jye`utcgoeus nkcp.
Rorry ot ck, (8238)

HCH LL
AEGPOR MCPCX CP_FCG AOROXCYC]CG
C. ROGI
ROGIAC
ACDL
DLCG
CG
3. Lmogtltcs

_jur/uslc porku mltcgycacg acrogc cmc fuhugicggyc mogicg presos pogyojhufcg

kuac ctcu roiogorcsl sok. Pomcgiacg rcs mcg suau hcgisc porku mlacdl acrogc auklt ycgi
tcjpca gerjck pcmc rcs mcg aohcgisccg tortogtu acmcgi tcjpca chgerjck pcmc aklog
mogicg
mogicg rcs mcg aohcgi
aohcgisccg
sccg kcl
kclg.
g. Roaord
Roaordccg
ccg mcg fehhy
fehhy aklog
aklog duic
duic mltcgy
mltcgycac
cacg
g ugtua 
ugtua 
jogiotcful cpcacf aklog hcgyca mumua ctcu somlalt catlvltcs soflgiic tordcml pogoacgcg
 pojhukuf mcrcf ycgi jogyohchacg supkcl easliog horaurcgi, sok-sok tlmca jogmcpct
`uaup zct jcacgcg mcg scjpcf fcslk slsc jotcheklsj tortujpua. Caflrgyc sok-sok auklt
jctl, auklt po`cf mcg tordcmlkcf kuhcgi ycgi mcgiack mcg kuac moauhltus pcmc porjuaccg.
8. Aoku
Aokuf
fcg _tcj
_tcjcc

Joru
Jorupc
pcac
acg
g aoku
aokufc
fcg
g ycgi
ycgi pckl
pcklgi
gi mlrc
mlrcsc
scac
acg
g ek
ekof
of ak
aklo
log
g so
sofl
flgi
giic
ic lc jog`
jog`cr
crll
 portekegicg. Aokufcg ycgi mlugiacpacg aklog pcmc ujujgyc rcsc gyorl. Keacsl kuac
 hlcscgyc tormcpct pcmc mcorcf-mcorcf tegdekcg tukcgi, jlsckgyc pcmc mcorcf hokcacgi
aopckc, mcorcf heaegi, tujlt, hcfu, mcg mcorcf pcgiack pcfc ycgi jogickcjl ls`fojlc
soflgiic tordcml ukaus moauhltus.
0. Xlwc
Xlwcyc
yctt Rogyc
Rogycal
altt Poacr
Poacrcg
cgi
i

Fck-fck
Fck-fck ycgi
ycgi porku
porku mlacdl
mlacdl cmckcf
cmckcf jukcl
jukcl acpcg
acpcg aokufc
aokufcg
g mlrcsca
mlrcscacg,
cg, keacsl
keacsl aokufc
aokufcg,
g,
 lgtogsltcs, kcjcgyc ctcu nroauogsl, nc`ter ycgi jojporhorct ctcu jojporlgicg sorcgicg,
sortc aokufcg-aokufcg kclg ycgi jogyortcl mcg upcyc-upcyc yci tokcf mlkcauacg porcwct
mlslgl fcrus jogifuhugiacg jcsckcf auklt mogicg iodckcgyc soportl4 ictck, pcgcs, jctl
rcsc, ljjehlklscsl, gyorl, mojcj, omojc, mcg gourepctl.
=. Xlwc
Xlwcyc
yctt Rorse
Rorsegc
gckk Aokuc
Aokucri
ricc

Xlwcyc
Xlwcyctt pogyca
pogycalt
lt aokucr
aokucric
ic porku
porku mltcgy
mltcgycac
cacg
g acrogc
acrogc kuac
kuac mcpct
mcpct mlpogi
mlpogicru
crufl
fl ekof
ekof
 pogycalt-pogycalt ycgi mlturugacg soportl4 MJ, ckoril,
ckor il, flportogsl. Xlwcyct pogycalt auklt
mcg presomur jomls ycgi porgcf mlckcjl aklog.
?. Xlwc
Xlwcyc
yctt Aosofc
Aosofctc
tcg,
g, sopo
soport
rtl4
l4
- Hom-rost y
yccgi kkccjc
- Ljjehlklscsl
- Lgaegtlgogslc
- Gutrl
Gutrlsl
sl ctcu
ctcu flmr
flmrcsl
csl yc
ycgi
gi lgcm
lgcmoa
oauc
uctt
>. Rogi
Rogiac
acdl
dlcg
cg Rsla
Rslaes
eses
eslc
lckk

Aoju
Aojugi
gial
algc
gcg
g fc
fcslk
slk po
pojo
jorl
rlas
asccg
ccg ps
psla
laes
eses
eslck
lck yc
ycgi
gi tc
tcjp
jpca
ca pc
pcmc
mc ak
aklo
log
g yc
yclt
ltu4
u4

 porcsccg moprosl, nrustcsl, cgslotcs, aoputuscsccg.

9. Catl
Catlnlt
nltcs
cs Pofc
Pofcrl-
rl-Fc
Fcrl
rl

Rcslog ycgi ljjehlklscsl mckcj wcatu ycgi kcjc jcac huacg tordcml ukaus pcmc
mcorcf ycgi jogegdek acroc horct hcmcg hortujpu pcmc mcorcf ao`lk ycgi tlmca 
 hcgyca dcrlgicg mlhcwcf auklt ugtua jogcfcg aoruscacg auklt. Poflgiic
mlporkuacg poglgiactcg kctlfcg rogtcgi iorca mcg jogicgact horct hcmcg.
6. Ro
Rojo
jorl
rlas
ascc
ccg
g Nls
Nlsla 
la 
c. Aocm
cmcccg _jug

_jujgyc pogmorltc mctlgi mogicg aocmccg scalt mcg ioklscf ctcu `ojcs calhct
cmcgyc aoruscacg lgtoirltcs auklt ycgi mlckcjl
 h. ]cgmc-]cgmc ^ltck

]oacgcg mcrcf gerjck, gcml `opct, sufu joglgiact mcg rosplrcsl rcto jlglgiact.
`. Rojo
Rojorl
rlas
asccg
ccg Aopc
Aopckc
kc mcg
mcg Kof
Kofor 
or 
 3) Aopc
Aopckc
kc mcg
mcg rcj
rcjhu
hutt

Rojorlasccg joklputl hogtua aopckc, pogyohcrcg rcjhut mcg poruhcfcg wcrgc rcjhut

sortc pojorlasccg togtcgi kuac. Dlac cmc kuac pcmc mcorcf torsohut, jogyohchacg
tljhukgyc rcsc gyorl mcg aoruscacg auklt
8) Jctc

Joklput
Joklputll aosljot
aosljotrlsc
rlsc,, aegdug
aegdugitl
itlvc,
vc, ronkoa
ronkoa puplk
puplk torfcm
torfcmcp
cp `cfcyc
`cfcyc mcg icgii
icgiiucg
ucg
 pogioklfctcg
0) Flmugi

Joklputl pojorlasccg juaesc flmugi, aohorslfcg, tlmca tljhuk porgcncscg `uplgi

flmugi, tlmca cmc so`rot
=) Jukut

@ctct aocmccg cmcgyc slcgesls ctcu hlhlr aorlgi

?) ]oklgic

@ctct hogtua icgiiucg pogmogicrcg acrogc hogmc cslgi, pormcrcfcg mcg soruj. Rcmc
 pogmorltc ycgi hot rost mogicg peslsl jlrlgi jcac, ojugialgcg cacg tordcl ukaus
mlmcocf mcug toklgic.
>) Kofor  

Jogiot
Jogiotcfu
cfull peslsl
peslsl trcaoc,
trcaoc, mogyut
mogyut gcml
gcml acretl
acretls,
s, cmc tlmcag
tlmcagyc
yc pojhos
pojhoscrc
crcg
g vogc
vogc
 duiukcrls mcg aokogdcr klgno.
m. Rojo
Rojorl
rlas
asccg
ccg Mcm
Mcmcc mcg ]fe
]fercx
rcx

Lgspoa
Lgspoasl
sl hogtua
hogtua tfercx
tfercx mcg oaspcgs
oaspcgsll pcru,
pcru, cu
cusau
sauktc
ktcsl
sl lrcjc
lrcjc porgcn
porgcncscg
cscg,, ve`ck
ve`ck
 projltus, cmcgyc sucrc tcjhcfcg, hugyl dcgtugi mcg huyl dcgtugi tcjhcfcg,
 porausl tfercx ugtua jog`crl aotlmca gerjckcg pcmc
pcmc mcorcf tfercx.
o. Chmejog

Hogtua porut mctcr ctcu nkct, hlslgi usus jogickcjl pogurugcg acrogc ljjehlklts,
cmc jcsc acrogc aegstlpcsl, mcg porausl chmejog fyporseger dlac mlspogso
chmejog ctcu toicgi.
 n. _reiogltck

Lgsp
Lgspoa
oasl
sl cm
cmcg
cgyc
yc ao
aokc
kclg
lgcg
cg pc
pcmc
mc po
porl
rlgo
gouj
uj.. Hucs
Hucscg
cgyc
yc ak
aklog
log mo
mogi
gicg
cg uk
ukau
auss mc
mcg
g
 pcrcpkoil torpcscgi actotor ugtua hucgi clr ao`lk.
i. Jusa
Jusauk
ukes
esao
aoko
kotc
tckk

Cmcgyc nrcatur ecmc tukcgi cacg jogyohchacg aklog hot rost mckcj wcatu kcjc
soflgiic tordcnl pogurugc aoauctcg etet.
f. Rojo
Rojorl
rlas
asccg
ccg Gour
Gourek
ekei
eils
ls

]lgiact aoscmccg mlacdl mogicg systoj I@P. Glkclgyc hlcs jogurug hlkc tordcml
gyorl horct (syea goureiogla) mcg pcgcs ctcu mojcg tlgiil, juck jugtcf mcg
acau aumua.
<. Rojo
Rojorl
rlas
ascc
ccg
g Nls
Nlsla
la Aukl
Aukltt

c. Lgsp
Lgspoa
oasl
sl au
aukl
kltt

Rogacdlcg auklt joklhctacg sokuruf croc auklt torjcsua jojhrcgo juaesc, auklt
aopckc, rcjhut mcg auau. ]cjplkcg auklt ycgi porku mlacdl ycltu wcrgc, sufu,
aokojhcpcg, aoaorlgicg, toastur auklt (acscr ctcu fckus), kosl, vcsaukcrltcs. \cgi
fcrus mlporfctlacg ycltu4
- Ycrgc,
Ycrgc, mlpog
mlpogicr
icrufl
ufl ekof
ekof cklrcg
cklrcg mcrcf
mcrcf,, easliog
easliog,, sufu mcg
mcg premua
premuasl
sl plijog
plijog
- Omoj
Omojc,
c, sokcjc
sokcjc lgspoa
lgspoasl
sl auklt,
auklt, porcwc
porcwc jog`ct
jog`ctct
ct keacs,
keacs, mlstrl
mlstrlhu
husl
sl mcg wcrgc
wcrgc
mcrl mcorcf omojc.
- Aokojh
Aokojhcpc
cpcg,
g, gerjck
gerjckgtc
gtc aokojh
aokojhcpc
cpcg
g joglgia
joglgiact
ct acrogc
acrogc poglga
poglgactc
ctcg
g catlvltcs
catlvltcs
ctcu sufu
sufu klgiau
klgiaugic
gicg
g ycgi
ycgi tlgiil
tlgiil auklt
auklt aorlgi
aorlgi mcpct
mcpct mlsohc
mlsohchac
hacg
g hohorcp
hohorcpcc
nc`ter, soportl klgiaugicg aorlgi ctcu kojhch ycgi tlmca `e`ea, lgtcao `clrcg
ycgi lgcmoauct, presos joguc.
- Lgto
Lgtoir
irlt
ltcs,
cs, ycgi fcrus
fcrus mlpo
mlporf
rfctl
ctlac
acg
g yc
yclt
ltu
u ke
keac
acsl
sl,, og
ogtu
tua,
a, wcrg
wcrgc,
c, ml
mlstr
strlh
lhus
usl,
l,
cpcacf cmc mrclgcso ctcu lgnoasl
- Aohorslfcg auklt
- ^csa
^csauk
ukcr
crlsc
lscsl
sl,, po
porm
rmcr
crcf
cfcg
cg mc
mcrl
rl po
pojh
jhuk
ukuf
uf mc
mcrcf
rcf jogifc
jogifcsl
slka
kacg
cg po
poto
to`f
`fll mc
mcg
g
c`fljesls.

- Rckpcs
Rckpcsll aukly,
aukly, ycgi
ycgi porlk
porlk mlporfct
mlporfctlac
lacg
g ycltu kosl
kosl pcmc
pcmc auklt,
auklt, aokojhc
aokojhcpcg
pcg,, sufu,
sufu,
 toastrur ctcu okcstlsltcs, turier auklt.
H. MLCIGE
MLCIGEPC
PC AOROXC
AOROXCYC]
YC]CG
CG
3. Aoruscacg
Aoruscacg lgtoirltcs
lgtoirltcs auklt
auklt horfuhug
horfuhugicg
icg mogicg
mogicg aoruscacg
aoruscacg joacgls
joacgls mcrl
mcrl dcrlgicg
dcrlgicg
soaugmor calhct toacgcg, pog`uaurcg mcg iosoacg.
8. Gyorl caut
caut horfuhugicg
horfuhugicg mogicg
mogicg trcujc
trcujc auklt,
auklt, lgnoasl
lgnoasl auklt, mcg
mcg porcwctcg
porcwctcg kuac.
kuac.
0. Xlsl
Xlslae
ae lgno
lgnoas
asll horf
horfuh
uhug
ugic
icg
g mogi
mogicg
cg po
pojc
jcdc
dcgc
gcg
g uk
ukau
auss ml
mlau
auhl
hltu
tuss to
torf
rfcp
cpcp
cp
nosos/mrclgcso urlgo

=. Aeplgi
Aeplgi aokucric
aokucric tlmca onoatln
onoatln horfuhugi
horfuhugicg
cg mogicg
mogicg kuac aregls,
aregls, poruhcfcg
poruhcfcg hemy
hemy
ljcio.
?. Icgi
Icgiiu
iucg
cg `ltrc
`ltrc tu
tuhu
huf
f
@. Lgtorvogsl
LG]OX^OGPL MCG XCPLEGC
Ge ]uducg Mcg
Mlcigesc Lgtorvogsl
Arltorlc Fcslk
3 Aoruscacg GE@ 4 GL@ 4
lg
lgto
toi
irltc
rltcss auklt
uklt Po
Poto
tokc
kcf
f mlkc
mlkcau
auac
acg
g Rrossuro Jcgciojogt

 horfuhugicg csufcg aoporcwctcg

aoporcwctcg c. Cgduracg pcslog
mogicg omojc mlfcrcpacg4 jogiiugca
jogi iugcacg
cg pcaclcg
pcaclcg
3. ]lssuo kegiicr 
Lgtoirlty 4 Palg  h. Dcic aohorslfcg auklt
cgm ju`eus cicr totcp horsl
rslf &
jojhrcgo aorlgi
Arltorlc Fcslk 4 `. Jehlklscsl pcslog
c) Lgtoirl
rlttcs (u
(uhc
hcf
f pe
pesl
slsl
sl pcsl
pcslog
og))
auklt ycgi sotlcp 8 dcj soackl
 hcla hlsc m. Jeglter auklt cacg
mlportcfcgac cmcgyc aojorofcg
g (sog
ogsc
scssl, o. Jeglter ca
cattlvltcs mcg
 pkcstlsltcs, jehlklscsl pcslog
tojporcturo,
flmrcsl,
  plijogtcsl)
 h) ]lmca cmc
kuac ctcu kosl
 pcmc auklt
`) Rornusl
 dcrlgicg hcla 

8 Gyorl caut GE@ 4 GL@ 4

 horfuhugicg Po
Poto
tokc
kcf
f mlkc
mlkcau
auac
acg
g Jcgcdojog gyorl

mogicg ciog csufcg aoporcwctcg

aoporcwctcg c. Kcauacg pogiacdlcg
`lmorc hlekeils mlfcrcpacg4 gyorl so`crc
3. ]lgi
]lgiac
actt gyor
gyorll aejporfogsln 
horaurcgi torjcsua keacsl,
Arltorlc Fcslk 4 ac
acrca
rcato
torls
rlstl
tla,
a, mu
murc
rcsl,
sl,
c. ]lmca cmc nroauogsl, auckltcs mcg
gyorl ycgi nc`ter porslpltcsl
mlkcperacg  h. Ehsorvcsl rocasl
 h. ]lmca cmc gegvorhck mcrl aotlmca 

jogiorcgi gycjcgcg
mcg `. iugcacg toagla  
jogcgils aejuglacsl
aejuglacsl torcplutla 
torcplutla 
`. ]lmca cmc ugtua jogiotcful
jogyorlgilt  pogickcjcg gyorl
m. ]lmca cm
cmc  pcslog.
aotoicgicg m. Ovck
cku
ucs
csll pog
pogic
ickc
kcj
jcg
etet gyorl jcsc kcjpcu
o. ]lmca cmc o. Ovckucsl horscjc
aoflkcgicg  pcslog mcg tlj
gcnsu jcacg aosofctcg
aosofctcg kclg togtcgi
togtcgi
 n. ]lmca cmc aotlmca onoatlncg
oasprosl `egtrek gyorl jcsc
wcdcf gyorl kcjpcu.
8. Aegtrek gyorl n. @egtrek klgiaugicg
torctcsl ycgi mcpct

Arltorlc Fcslk 4 jojp

jojpog
ogic
icru
rufl
fl gy
gyorl
orl
c. Porlgi soport
soportll sufu
sufu rucgic
rucgicg,
g,
jogugduacg  pog`cfcyccg, mcg
jogiogckl aohlslgicg
ac
acpc
pcg
g gy
gyor
orll i. Aurcgil nc`ter  
tordcml  proslpltcsl gyorl
 h. Po`crc f. Rlklf mcg kcauacg
aegslstog  pogcgicgcg gyorl

jogugduacg (ncrjc
rjcaekeil, geg
jogiicjhcr  ncrjcaekeil mcg
acg nc`ter  lgtorporsegck )
gyorl l. Acdl tlpo mcg sujhor 
`. Porlgi gyorl ugtua  
jogugduacg jogogtuacg lgtorvogsl
jogiiugcac  d. Horlacg cgckiotla 
g tlgmcacg ugtua jogiurc
rcg
gil
 pogiurcgicg gyorl
(g
(gyo
yorl
rl tcgp
tcgpcc a. Ovck
cku
ucsl aoonoa
oattlncg

cgckiotla) `egtrek gyorl

m. Porlgi k. Muaugi tlgiactcg
jogugduacg lstlrcf
cfcct ctcu tlmur 
jokcperacg yc
ycgi
gi cm
cmoa
oauc
uctt ug
ugtu
tua 
a 
 poruhcfcg jojhcg
jojhcgtu
tu poguru
pogurugcg
gcg
torfcmcp gyorl
io
iodc
dckc
kc gy
gyor
orll j. Aekchercsl mogicg

 pcmc meator dlac cmc aokufcg

  prenosslegck mcg tlgmcacg gyorl
aosofctc ycgi tlmca horfcslk
Rojhorlcg Cgckiotla 
0. Ptctus
c. ]ogtuacg keacsl,
aogycjcgcg
acrcat
acrcatorls
orlstla
tla,, aucklt
auckltcs,
cs,
joglgiact
mcg morcdct gyorl
Arltorlc Fcslk 4
sohokuj pojhorlcg
c. ]lmca  
toricgiiu ehct.

aosodcftorcc h. @oa lgtruasl meator 

g nlsla  togtcgi dogls ehct, mesls,

 h. ]lmca  mcg nroauogsl

toricgiiu
`. @oa rlwcyct ckoril
`egtrek
torfcmcp m. Rlklf
lklf cg
cgck
cki
ios
osl`
l` ycg
cgi
i

iodckc mlporkuacg ctcu

`. ]lmca   aejhlgcsl mcrl

toricgiiu cgckiosl` aotlac

aosodcftorcc  pojhorlcg kohlf mcrl

g nlslaekeils sctu

m. ]lmca  
o. ]ogtuacg plklfcg
toricgiiu
cg
cgck
ckio
iosl
sl`` to
tori
ricg
cgtu
tugi
gi
klgiaugicg
tlpo mcg horctgyc gyorl
nlsla 

o. ]lmca   n. Rlkl
Rlklf
f ruruto
to po
pojh
jhor
orlc
lcg
g
toricgiiu so
so`c
`crc
rc L^ , LJ ugt
gtu
ua 

sufu rucgicg jogiehctl

jogiehctl gyorl so`crc
n. ]lmca   torctur 
toricgiiu
i. Jeglter vltck slig
muaugicg
so
soho
hoku
kuj
j mc
mcg
g so
sosu
sumc
mcf
f
 se
se``lck mcrl
 pojhorlcg cgckiosl`
aokucric
 portcjc ackl

f. Horlacg cgckiosla topct

wca
wcatu to
toru
rutc
tcjc
jc sc
scct
ct
gyorl fohck

0 Xoslae Lgnoasl GE@ 4 GL@ 4

 horfuhugicg Po
Poto
tokc
kcf
f mlkc
mlkcau
auac
acg
g Rorcwctcg kuac
mo
mogi
gicg
cg ljug
ljuglt
ltcs
cs csufcg aoporcwctcg
aoporcwctcg c. Jegl
Jeglte
terr ac
acrc
rcat
ator
orls
lstl
tla,
a,
ycgi jogurug. mlfc
mlfcrc
rcpa
pacg
cg pcsl
pcslog
og wcrgc,
wcrgc, uaurcg
uaurcg,, `clrcg
`clrcg

mcpct torflgm
mcpct torflgmcr
cr mcrl
mcrl mcg hcu kuac
roslae lgnoasl,  h. Horslflg kuac mogicg
mogicg
mogicg arotorlc
arotorlc fcslk gerjck scklg
4 `. Xcwct kuac mogicg
3. Lgtoirltcs auklt aegsop storlk
aklog gerjck m. Horlacg pogdokcscg
8. ]ojporctur auklt aopcmc aklog mcg
aklog gerjck aokucric jogiog
ogccl
0. ]lmca cmcgyc kosl tc
tcgm
gmcc mc
mcg
g io
iodc
dckc
kc mc
mcrl
rl
 pcmc auklt lgnoasl
o. Aekc
Aekche
herc
rcsl
sl po
pojh
jhor
orlc
lcg
g
cgtlhletl`
Aegtrek Lgnoasl
c. Hor
Horslf
slfacg
acg klgiau
klgiaugic
gicg
g
so
sotok
tokcf
cf ml
mlpc
pcac
acll ak
aklo
log
g
kclg
h. Lgstruaslacg
 pogiugdugi ugtua 
jog`
jog`u`
u`ll tc
tcgi
gicg
cg sc
scct
ct

 horaugdugi mcg sotokcf

  horaugdugi
`. Iu
Iug
gca
cacg
cg sc
sch
hug cg
cgtl
tl
jla
lare
rehc
hc ugt
gtu
ua `u
`u`l
`l
tcgicg
m. Iu
Iug
gca
cacg
cg sc
sch
hug cg
cgtl
tl
jla
lare
rehc
hc ugt
gtu
ua `u
`u`l
`l
tcgicg
o. @u
@u`l
`l tc
tcgi
gicg
cg sohoku
sohokuj
j
mcg sosumcf
sosumcf tlgmca
tlgmcacg
cg
aoporcwctcg
n. Iugca
caccg uglvor
orsc
sckk
 pro`cutleg mcg
iugcacg scrugi tcgicg
sokcjc
sokcjc aegtca
aegtca mogicg
mogicg
auklt ycgi tlmca utuf
i. Ehsorvcsl mcg kcperacg
tcgmc mcg iodckc lgnoasl
soportl aojor
orccfcg,
 pcgcs, gyorl, tujer 
f. Acdl wcrgc auklt, turier 
mcg toastur, `u`l tcgicg

mogicg fctl-fctl
l. Cdcracg aokucric
 hcicljcgc jog`oicf
lgnoasl
= Icgiiucg `ltrc Po
Poto
tokc
kcf
f mlkc
mlkcau
auac
acg
g 3. ]ogt
]ogtua
uacg
cg fc
fcrcp
rcpcg
cg `ltrc
`ltrc
tuhuf csufcg aoporcwctcg
aoporcwctcg mlrl aklog ycgi
 horfuhugicg sokcjc x dcj  hormcscracg tcfcp
mogicg poruhcfcg mlfcrcpacg aklog  poraojhcgicg.
 pogcjplkcg tuhuf tlmca jorcscacg 8. Hcgt
Hcgtu
u akl
aklog
og ugt
ugtua
ua
icgiiucg `ltrc jogmlsauslacg
tuhuf, mogicg  pogyohch poruhcfcg
arltorlc fcslk 4 acrogc pogycaltgyc.

 
 3. Aklog 0. Lm
Lmog
ogtl
tlnla
nlacsl
csl strct
strctoi
oill
jogictcacg hlsc aeplgi ycgi
jogorljc mliugcacg aklog mckcj
aegmlsl
aegmlsl nlslagyc
nlslagyc jorospeg poruhcfcg
mlportcfcgacg  pogcjplkcg.
 pcmc sackc 3 =. Jegl
Jeglte
terr po
porg
rgyc
yctc
tccg
cg
mltlgi
mltlgiact
actacg
acg ao  pcslog jogiogcl fcric
sackc ?. mlrl.
8. Aklog ?. ]ogt
]ogtua
uacg
cg ao
aopo
por`c
r`cyc
yccg
cg
jogiugiacpacg mlrl pcslog mckcj fck
aososuclcg cgtcrc  poglkclcg mlrl.
 hemy rocklty, >. Jegl
Jeglte
terr acr
acrca
cato
torl
rlstl
stla
a
 hemy lmock, mcg kuac, torjcsua

 hemy mrclgcso, wcrgc,

 prosogtctleg uaurcg, mcg hcu.
mlportcfcgacg 9. _aur
_aur ku
kucs
cs ku
kuac
ac,, y
ycg
cgi
i
 pcmc sackc 3 sosucl.
mltl
mltlgi
giac
acta
tacg
cg ao 6. Muau
Muaugi
gi pc
pcslo
slog
g ug
ugtu
tua
a
sackc ?. jogiogck mcg
jogmlsauslacg plalrcg
mcg porcsccggyc.

<. Hcgt
Hcgtu
u pcsl
pcslog
og ugt
ugtua
ua
jogilmogtlnlacsl
mcjpca mcrl pogycalt
 pcmc aegsop mlrl.
32. Rortljhcgi
Rortljhcgiacg
acg uslc
 pcslog aotlac
joglgiactacg
catlvltcs porcwctcg
mlrl.

@. LJRK
LJRKOJ
OJOG
OG]C
]CPL
PL

Ljpkoj
Ljpkojogtc
ogtcsl
sl aoporcw
aoporcwctcg
ctcg jorupc
jorupcacg
acg sorcgia
sorcgiaclcg
clcg tlgmca
tlgmcacg
cg ycgi
ycgi mlkcau
mlkcauacg
acg ekof
ekof
 

 porcwct jcupug togcic jomls kclg ugtua jojhcgtu pcslog mckcj presos
 pogyojhufcg mcg porcwctcg sortc jcsckcf aosofctcg ycgi mlfcmcpl pcslog ycgi
sohokujgyc mlsusug mckcj rog`cgc aoporcwctcg.
M. O^CK
O^CK_C
_CP
PL

Ovckucsl jorupcacg kcgiacf torcaflr mcrl presos aoporcwctcg mogicg `crc jokcauacg
lmogtlnlacsl sodcuf jcgc tuducg mcrl rog`cgc aoporcwctcg tor`cpcl ctcu tlmca. Mckcj
jokcauacg ovckucsl porcwct fcrusgyc jojlklal pogiotcfucg mcg aojcjpucg mckcj
jojcfcjl
jojcfcjl rospegs
rospegs torfcmcp
torfcmcp lgtorvogsl
lgtorvogsl aoporcwctcg
aoporcwctcg,, aojcjpucg
aojcjpucg jogiicjhcra
jogiicjhcracg
cg
aosljpukcg
aosljpukcg togtcgi tuducg ycgi ml`cpcl
ml`cpcl sortc aojcjpucg
aojcjpucg mckcj jogifuhug
jogifuhugiacg
iacg
tlgmcacg aoporcwctcg pcmc arltorlc fcslk (Flmcyct, 8226).
c. Ovckucsl nerjctln mlsohut duic ovckucsl hordckcg mljcgc ovckucslmlkcauacg scjpcl
mogicg tuducg tor`cpcl.

 h.Ovckucsl sejctln jorupcacg ovckucsl caflr mljcgc mckcj jotemo ovckucsl lgl
jogiiugcacg PECR

 HCH LLL

ROG_]_R

C. Aosl
Aosljp
jpuk
ukcg
cg

Plstoj Ljug cmckcf slstoj portcfcgcg jcguslc sohcicl porklgmugicg torfcmcp lgnoasl mcrl

jcarej
jcarejeko
ekoauk
auk cslgi
cslgi ctcu
ctcu sorcgic
sorcgicg
g ericgl
ericglsjo,
sjo, torjcsu
torjcsua
a vlrus,
vlrus, hcatorl
hcatorl,, pretez
pretezec
ec mcg
 pcrcslt.Plstoj aoaohckcg ctcu slstoj ljug cmckcf slstoj porklgmugicg pogicruf kucr hlekeils
ycgi mlkcauacg
mlkcauacg ekof
ekof sok mcg ericg afusus pcmc
pcmc suctu ericglsjo.
ericglsjo. Moauhltus
Moauhltus jorupcacg
jorupcacg
aorusc
aoruscacg
acg auklt
auklt pcmc
pcmc suctu
suctu croc mcg mcscr
mcscr dcrlgi
dcrlgicg
cg ycgi
ycgi mlsohc
mlsohchac
hacg
g ekof
ekof tukcgi
tukcgi ycgi
ycgi
jogegdek, sohcicl calhct mcrl toacgcg, poriosorcg, iosoacg ctcu aejhlgcsl mcrl hohorcpc fck
torsohut (GR_CR, 823=). Pomcgiacg jogurut Rorry ot ck, (8238) moauhltus cmckcf kua
kuacc pcmc
auklt mcg ctcu dcrlgicg mlhcwcfgyc, hlcscgyc mlsohchacg ekof cmcgyc pogegdekcg tukcgi,
sohcicl calhct mcrl toacgcg ctcu aejhlgcsl toacgcg mogicg icyc iosor mcg ctcu iosoacg.

H.Pcrcg
Mckcj
Mckcj pojhuc
pojhuctcg
tcg jcackcf
jcackcf lgl pogukl
poguklss scmcr
scmcr hcfwc
hcfwc jcackc
jcackcf
f lgl jcslf
jcslf hcgyca 
hcgyca 
aoaurcgicg mcg jcslf dcuf mcrl actc aosojpurgccg. Ekof acrogc ltu, arltla mcg scrcg mcrl