Digital Literacy- involves having current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile

devices, web and other related technology. It is known before as computer literacy.
Tech Savvy- those who take advantage with technology.
Digital Technology Devices

 Computer- A data processing and electronic devices capable of accepting data, then convert the
data in some other form to produce information.
Characteristics of Computer
 Electronic Device
 Input (Data)
 Process
o Software or programs- instructions to control each operation, which is stored in the
computer memory.
 Output (Information)
Processing cycle
Input Process Output
"storage is not included because some processing does not require storage of output."

 Hardware- many electric, electronics or mechanical components that is contained in the

computer. Part of the computer system that you can touch or physical components of computer.
Categories of Computers
 Personal Computer- developed to be used by one person at a time.
 Servers- computer dedicated to provide in one or more services to other computer in a
network (a collection of computer devices, connected together). ex. Storing content and
controlling access to hardware, software or other resource on a network. a server can support
from 2 to several thousand computers connected at the same time.
 Mobile and Gaming devices- a computing device small enough to hold in your hand. Some
mobile devices are internet capable.

Data and Information
Data processing
wherein input data are converted into information output via
processing.

Data- collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
Information- processed data which conveys meaning to users. Data that is subjected to processing.
Why do we need Information?
Information is part of our daily life. Decision making chooses among several option.
Generally, the best decision is always based in good information.
Different Devices of the Data Processing Cycle
Peripherals- this are pieces of hardware that are plug-in externally. They are also called a non-
essential peripheral, because a computer can operate without them.
Categories of Computer Peripherals

 Input Device- devices that converts data and instructions into computer readable format or
machine language.
o Keyboard
o Touch Screen (input-output device)
o Touchpad
o Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Device (MICR)- used for cheque. Character
recognition devices that uses special ink and characters. Uses by banks.
o Optical Mark Reader (OMR)- uses to capture human mark data from document forms.
generally used in multiple choices type of questions or survey where you simply mark your
choice.
o Optical Character Reader (OCR)- this device converts images, handwritten or printed text
into machine in coded text. It functions like a scanner.
o Mouse/Track Ball- track ball is an inverted mouse.
o Scanners- light sensing device that converts printed text and images into a form that a
computer can process. it works in a manner similar to a copying machine, except that
instead of creating a paper copy of a document or photo, it stores the scanned documents or
photo electronically.
o Voice Input Device- enable you to encode data or instructions using voice.
o Bar Code Reader- this input device is an optical scanner that can read printed bar codes,
decodes the data containing the bar code and send the data to a computer.
o Digital Camera- an input device that captures images and videos digitally. It uses an image
sensor chip to capture images.
o Pen Input Device- lets you interact directly using a pen, which is paired to a digitized tablet.
the pen can be used for pointing, simple text entry, drawing or sketching.
 Output Devices- reverses the process of input. it translates machine language into form,
intelligible to the user. It presents the computer output to the user.
o Visual
 Monitors- it provides visual output from the computer for texts and graphics.
 Types of Monitor
1. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
2. Plasma
3. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED)
4. Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)

 Printer- prints output in a paper.

Types of Printer
1. Impact Printer- Produce text or images by striking an ink ribbon or burning dots unto
a coated paper. Ex. Thermal Printer and Dot Matrix Printer
2. Non-Impact Printer- produces images without actually striking a paper. Simply to say,
it is the type of printer that uses an ink. Ex. Laser Jet Printer and Inkjet Printer.
3. 3D Printer- can print a solid object. It uses a plastic substance which creates a 3d or 3-
dimensional model of an object. 3D printing consists of three stages; 1. Modelling, 2.
Slicing, and 3. Printing.

 Plotter- is used for general design work. Typically used to generate papers or acetate
blueprints, schematics or drawings of buildings or new products in paper. Standard width
is 24 to 36 inches while its length can be whatever meets the need.
o Audio
 Speakers- attached to computers which produce sounds via electronic component called
sound card that is housed in the system unit.
 Headsets and Earbuds
 Digital Audio Player- store, organized and play digital music files.
o Digital
 EBook Reader- used primarily for reading eBooks, an electronic version of printed book,
readable on computers and other digital devices.
 Smartphone- an internet capable phone. A smartphone typically communicates
wirelessly with other devices or computers.
 Wearable Devices- small mobile computing devices, design to be worn. These devices
often communicate with a mobile device or computer.
o Activity Tracker
o Smartwatch
o Smartglasses
 Gaming Devices- a mobile computing device design for single player or multi-player
video games. It is often connected in a television to view their gameplay in a screen.
o Game Console
o Handheld Game Device

 Storage Device- to store data process by the computer.

Input Output Device- device that combines both input and output capabilities. Ex. touchscreen
monitor, a headset with a microphone and a Bluetooth device.
Memory and Storage
Memory- it consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed, and the
data needed by those instructions.
Types of Memory

 Primary Memory (Volatile)- data in primary memory does not exist if it is not saved when a
power failure occurs.
o Random Access Memory (RAM)- known as the main memory or temporary memory.
o Read-Only Memory (ROM)- information in the ROM are permanently stored at the
time of manufacturing, which cannot be overwritten by the user.
 Secondary Memory- it is commonly known as a backup storage or mass storage media.
Storage- holds data, instructions and information for future use. Data within a storage is permanent
and cannot be deleted unless acted upon.
Types of Storage Media

 USB Flash drive- a portable storage device that uses flash memory.
 Hard disk- storage device that contains 1 or more inflexible circular platters that use magnetic
particles to store data instructions or information.
 Solid-state Drive- typically uses flash memory to store data instructions or information. Flash
memory contains no moving parts, making it more durable and shock-resistant than other
types of media.
 Memory Card- a removable flash memory, usually no bigger than 1.5 inches in height or
width.
 Optical Disk- type of storage media that consist of flat round, portable metal disk, made of
metal, plastic, and locker that is written and read by a laser.
o CDs or compact disk
o DVDs or digital versatile disk
 Cloud Storage- an internet service that provides remote storage to computer users.