World Wide Web and Internet

World Wide Web- is a global library of information available to anyone. But the only way
to access this global library of information is by connecting to the internet.
Internet- the largest computer network, connecting millions of computers and devices
around the world.

Difference between the web and internet

The internet connects with other computers,
when searching for something, the internet will search
the network for the specific computer where the data or
information you’re searching is located.
The web connects people. When accessing the
web, you’re looking at the content of that site, which
are created by people who build that site.
Internet Service Providers- businesses that offers
users and organizations access to the internet.
World Wide Web
Web- it consists of worldwide collection of electronic documents.
Webpage- each electronic document on the web. It can contain text, graphics, audio and
video.
Website- a collection of related web pages which are stored in a web server.
Web Server- a computer that delivers requested web pages to your computer or mobile
device.
Link (Hyperlink)- a build-in connection to other documents; graphics, audio files, video,
web pages or websites.
Browser- a software that enables users with an internet connection to access or view web
pages on a computer or a device.
Surfing- simply moving from one site to another if you are searching for anything.
Commonly used Browsers
 Opera
 Firefox
 Google Chrome
 Safari
 Internet Explorer
 Microsoft Edge
Search Engine- used to look for any idea or concept that we want to seek information in the
web. The prime example is the Google.
Social Media Network- a website that encourages members in each online community to
share their interest, idea, stories, photos, music and videos with other registered users.
Commonly used Social Media Networks
 Facebook
 Twitter
 LinkedIn
Internet Communications
The web is only one of the services of the internet, other services facilitates
communications among users. These services include:
1. Email- where users can send and receive messages and files from other users via
computer network.
2. Messaging Service- a real-time type of conversation with another connected user. A
real-time means that both parties are online at the same time.
3. Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)- it enables users to speak to other users over
the internet. Example, Face time.
4. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)- this service allows users to transfer items to and from
other computers on the internet.
Digital Security and Privacy
Virus- threats in the digital world.
Malicious Software (Malware)- a software that acts without the user’s knowledge and
deliberately alters the computers or mobile devices’ operations. It includes viruses, trojan
horses, rootkits, spyware, and adware. Each malware attacks a computer or mobile device
differently, some are harmless while others destroys or corrupts data, instruction and
information stored on the infected computer or mobile device.
Practices to prevent Malware
1. Use Anti-Virus Software- Antivirus is a kind of software used to prevent, scan, detect
and delete viruses from a computer.
2. Use Firewall- it protects one’s network resources from outside intrusions.
3. Be suspicious of unsolicited email- never open an email, unless you are expecting it or
form someone you trust.
4. Disconnect from the Internet
5. Download software with caution- only download programs or apps from trusted
websites.
6. Close spyware window- never taps “agree” in a pop-up or suspicious window.
7. Scan before using- before using removable media such as flash drive, one should scan
it for malware.
8. Keep current- install the latest updates for your computer software.
9. Backup regularly
 10. Privacy- the state of being free from public attention.
a. Shred document such as atm receipt before disposing
b. Do not disclosed confidential information
c. Be cautious in clicking link
d. Do not share location information
Health in this era of technology
Prolong or improper use of computer or mobile device can lead to injuries or
disorders of the hands, wrist, elbows, eyes, neck and the back. To protect from the said risk,
one must regard:
1. Ergonomics- proper work place design
2. Good posture while using computers
3. Appropriate work breaks
Two behavioral health risk related to technology
1. Technology Addiction
2. Technology Overload
Environmental Concerns
Electronic Waste (E-waste)
A term for electronic products that have became unwanted, not working or obsolete
and have essentially reach the end of their useful life. The 44.7 metric tons of e-waste is
equivalent to 4,500 Eiffel Tower, and it is expected to increase to 52.2mt by 2021. (United
Nations University, Nov 2017). E-waste contains hazardous components that contaminate the
air, water, and soil. Dismantling processes that do not utilize adequate means, facilities, and
trained people pose additional threats to people and the planet.
Causes of the increase in E-waste
1. Increasing number of users
2. Many people own more than one IT device
3. Rapid technological advances
4. Most people in the world have access to mobile networks and services
Green Computing
Is concerned with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture,
operation, and disposal of IT-related products.
Steps to go Green
1. Green Use- reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information
systems.
2. Green Disposal- reductio of waste, reuse and refurbishment of hardware and
recycling of out of use peripherals and other items.
3. Green Design- designing energy efficient and environmentally sound components,
computers, servers, cooling equipment and data centers.
 4. Green Manufacturing- manufacturing electronic components, computers, and other
subsystems with minimal impact on the environment.
How can we contribute and support Green Computing?
1. Do not leave your IT devices running overnight.
2. Turn off computers, monitor, printer, and other devices when not in use.
3. Use paperless methods to communicate.
4. Buy energy efficient hardware.
5. Recycle
Software
Also known as program, is consist of a series of related instructions, organized for a
common purpose, that tells the computer what task to perform and how to perform them. It
tells the computer how to do a task.
Categories of Software
System Software- consist of the programs that control and maintain the operations of a
computer and its device. The prime example is the operating system.
a. Operating System- a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among the
computer hardware. It directs the interaction of all your hardware device. It provides
the means for users to communicate with the computer or mobile device and other
software. To use an application, one’s computer or mobile device must be running on
operation system.
Widely used Operating System
1. Microsoft Windows
2. Macintosh
3. IOS
4. Linux
5. Android
Application Software- consist of programs design to make uses more productive and/or
assist them with personal task. Browser is an application software that enables users with
internet connection to access and view webpages.
Category of Application Software
1. Productivity
a. Word Processing
b. Presentation
c. Schedule and Contact Management
d. Personal Finance
2. Graphics and Media
a. Photo Editing
b. Video and Audio Editing
c. Media Player
3. Personal Interest
a. Travel, Mapping, and Navigation
b. Reference
 c. Educational
d. Entertainment
4. Communication
a. Browser
b. Email
c. VoIP
d. FTP
5. Security
a. Antivirus
b. Personal Firewall
c. Spyware, Adware, and other
d. Malware Removers
6. File, System, and Disk Management
a. File Manager
b. Search
c. Image Viewer
d. Screen Saver
Other Category of Application software
1. Desktop App- an application stored on a computer.
2. Server App/Web App- an application stored in a web serve that one can access
through browser.
3. Mobile App- an application one can download in an app store or other location in the
internet to a smartphone or other mobile device.
Installing and Running Programs
Installing
It is a process of setting up the program to work with the computer or a mobile device,
printer and other hardware. Generally, a computer and/or mobile device have already a
software, such as, operating system, pre-installed on each internal media. It includes browser,
media player and calculator.
Using additional application on a computer or mobile device, one usually need to
install the software. However, in the case of Web Application, no installation is needed, one
should just access the app then the website.
Once the program is installed, one can start interacting with it. When one instructs a
computer or mobile device to run a program, they’ll load it which means, that the programs
instruction is copied from storage to the memory. Once in the memory, the device can carry
out or execute the instruction in the program so that one can use it.
User Interface
It controls how you enter and instructions and how information is displayed on the
screens. Often you work with icons or tiles that links to programs, media, documents or other
objects.
Relationship between Hardware, System and Application Software
There’s no connection between
the Hardware and the Application
Software. The link between the two is the
System Software. Simply put, one cannot
use the Application Software without the
System Software.

Communications and Network

Computer Communication
It is described as a process of
transferring data, instructions and
information between two or more
computers. A hardware called
“Communication Device” or “Transmitter”
transfer data, instruction and information
from computers to transmission media and
vice versa. Examples of communication
device are modems, wireless access points
and routers. Some communications involve
cables and wires; others are sent wirelessly through the air.
In communication process there is always a sender or the source and the receiver or
the destination. It is assumed that the source is the workstation and the destination is the
server. The user and the sender unit use an input device and generates the data to be
submitted, this data is in digital format. Digital data cannot be handled by telecommunication
media (Public Telephone Network in the diagram); it needs to be transformed into an analog
type. This conversion process is the function of the communication device or transmitter; in
the diagram the transmitter is the modem. There are two modems in the diagram, the second
modem functions as the reverse of the first modem. The first modem would convert Digital
data into analog type, while the second would converts it back into digital for the user or the
receiving end will understand the message.
Wired Communication
It uses cables to send communication signals. The wiring or cables are typically used
within buildings or underground between buildings. The type of cable used can either be a
telephone wire, coaxial cable or a fiber optic cable.
Wireless Communication
It sends signals through the air or space.
 Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)- uses radio signals to provide high speed connection to
computers and devices, capable of wireless connection.
  Bluetooth- uses short-range radio signals to enable computers and device to
communicate with each other.
 Cellular Radio- uses the cellular network to enable high speed internet connection to
devices such as smartphones.
Hotspot- a wireless network that provides internet connections to mobile devices and
computers. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are both hot spot technologies.
Network
A collection of computers and devices connected together often wirelessly via
communication devices and transmission media. It allows computers to share resources such
as, hardware, software, data and information. It has typically one or more server and several
client computers.
 Home Network- It simply needs a communication device like a router, to enable the
home users to connect their devices to the network.
 Business Network- it can be small, such as in a room or building, or widespread,
connecting computers and devices across a city, country, or the globe.
Why do businesses need to network their computers?
1. To facilitate communication.
2. To share hardware.
3. To share data, information, and software
Technology Uses
Education
Educators and teaching institution used technology to assist with the education.
 Computer Laboratory
 Learning Management System (LMS)- a software that contains tools for class
preparation, distribution and management. Through this, students can access course
materials, grades, assessment and a variety of collaboration tools.
 Distance Learning Course- it offers a student a degree through online.
 Distance Learning Training- international and national companies offer distance
learning training, as it eliminates the cost of airfare, hotels, and meals for centralized
training session.
Government
Most government offices have websites to provide citizens with up-to-date
information. Almost all agencies and units have websites that citizens can use to transact
business with them.
Finance
Most financial institutions have financial software for its stakeholders, they use this to
pay their bills, track personal income and expense, manage investments, and evaluate
financial plans. The difference between using banking institution website versus the finance
software is that their account information is stored on the bank’s computer instead of their
computer. Investors also use computers in online investing and buying and selling of stocks
and bonds. With online investing the transaction fee for each trade is usually much less than
when they are using brokers.
Retail
Just about any products are available online, essential and non-essential things alike.
To purchase from an online retailer, a customer usually visits the business’ store front which
contains product descriptions, images and a shopping cart which is used to collect purchases.
Entertainment
Nowadays, computers and mobile device are used in any area of entertainment. From
audio, video, television shows, reading and gaming. Some websites even support streaming,
where one can access the media content while it downloads. One can also create video, or
photo to upload it to the web to share with others, such as, an online social network.
Healthcare
The medical staff uses computers for a various purpose. It can be used for accessing
patient’s records, as well as vital signs. It can assist surgeons during operations and assist
doctors and technician in medical tests.
Science
All branches of science use computers to assist them with collecting, analyzing, and
modelling data. Scientist also use internet to communicate with colleague in the world.
Breakthrough in surgery, medicine and treatments often result with the scientist use of
computers. Tiny computers now, imitates the functions of central nervous system, retina of
the eye, and the cochlea of the ear, which helps a deaf person to distinguish sounds.
Travel
While on a journey, one may interact with a navigation system or a GPS which uses
satellite signal to determine a geographic location. GPS technology also assist people with
creating maps, determining the best route between two points, locating a lost person or lost
object and a lot more. Many smartphones have built-in navigation system. It can also help
with booking flights, vehicle, and hotel accommodations.
Publishing
Many organizations and individuals publish their thoughts and ideas using any of the
three different platform:
1. Blog- an informal website, consisting of time-stop articles or post in a diary or journal
format. Usually listed in reverse chronological order, post can contain text, photos,
links and more.
2. Podcast- a popular way to distribute audio or video in the web. It is a recorded media
that users can download or stream to a computer or a portable media player.
3. Wiki- a collaborative website, that allows users to create, add to, modify or delete the
content via their browser. Many wikis are open to modification by the general public.
 The difference between a wiki and a blog is that users cannot modify original post
made by a blogger. Most of the data in the wiki are not accurate.
Manufacturing
Computer-aided manufacturing helps with the manufacturing process such as
fabrication and assembly. Industry uses it to reduce product development cost, shorten a
products time to market and stay ahead of the competition. Often robots carry out process in a
CAM environment, CAM issues by a variety of industries including, oil drilling, power
generation, food production, and automobile manufacturing.
Technology Users
People around the world uses various technologies, at home, at work, and at school.
Depending on the hardware, software and communication requirements these users generally,
can be classified in one of five categories.
1. Home user- any person who spends time using technology at home.
2. Small home/Office user- includes employees of companies with fewer than 50
employees as well as self-employed who work at home.
3. Mobile user- includes who works with computers or mobile device while away from
a main office, home or school.
4. Power user- a user who requires the capabilities of a powerful computer like
engineers, scientist, architects, and graphic artist.
5. Enterprise user- each employee or customer who uses computers, mobile device and
other technology in the enterprise.