See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/273905998

Flipped Classroom for Developing Higher Order Thinking Skills

Article · February 2015

DOI: 10.16920/ijerit/2015/v0i0/59541

CITATIONS READS

4 739

5 authors, including:

Avinash G Kharat Ravi S Joshi

Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Imperial college of Engineering and Resarch, Pune
10 PUBLICATIONS   16 CITATIONS    2 PUBLICATIONS   4 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Avinash M. Badadhe Nandkumar Dharmadhikari

Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Sinhgad Technical Education Society
4 PUBLICATIONS   5 CITATIONS    10 PUBLICATIONS   16 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Use of laser light to detect and study nature of Geoelectromagnetic field View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Avinash G Kharat on 06 May 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

February 11, 2015 3:16 Research Publishing : HSSR Volume 23: Issue : Year : 083

Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707

)OLSSHG&ODVVURRPIRU'HYHORSLQJ+LJKHU2UGHU
7KLQNLQJ6NLOOV
$YLQDVK*.KDUDW 5DYL6-RVKL
'HSDUWPHQWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ
-630¶V,PSHULDO&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ -630¶V,PSHULDO&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ
6DYLWULEDL3KXOH3XQH8QLYHUVLW\ 6DYLWULEDL3KXOH3XQH8QLYHUVLW\
3XQH,QGLD 3XQH,QGLD
HPDLOGUNDYLQDVK#JPDLOFRP 
 
$YLQDVK0%DGDGKH 6HHPD6-HMXULNDU
'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQWRI/LIH6FLHQFHV
-630¶V5DMDUVKL&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ %HOOHYXH&ROOHJH
6DYLWULEDL3KXOH3XQH8QLYHUVLW\ %HOOHYXH:$86$
3XQH,QGLD (PDLOVHHPDMHM#KRWPDLOFRP

 
1DQGNXPDU3'KDUPDGKLNDUL
'HSDUWPHQWRI$SSOLHG6FLHQFHV
6LQKJDG$FDGHP\RI(QJLQHHULQJ
6DYLWULEDL3KXOH3XQH8QLYHUVLW\
3XQH,QGLD 

$EVWUDFW²$QREMHFWLYHRIHQJLQHHULQJHGXFDWLRQLVWRGHYHORS PLQG PDSV YLGHR OHFWXUHV ILOPV DQLPDWLRQV 022&V RU
KLJKHURUGHUWKLQNLQJVNLOOVLQVWXGHQWV7KLVKHOSVWRLPSURYLVH UHJXODUERRNVRQWKHWRSLFSULRUWRFRPLQJLQWRWKHFODVVURRP
LQQRYDWH GHVLJQ DQG GHYHORS SURGXFW DQG VHUYLFHV XVHIXO WR WKH
KXPDQLW\ DQG WKH FODVVURRP RU ODE WLPH LV IRFXVHG RQ SURFHVVLQJ WKLV
OHDUQLQJ ,QWKLV PRGH SULPDU\ IRFXVRIWKHFODVVURRP RUODE
7KH WUDGLWLRQDO FODVVURRP WHDFKLQJ KDV OLWWOH VFRSH LQ WLPH LV WR DVVLPLODWH V\QWKHVL]H DQDO\]H DSSO\ GHVLJQ DQG
GHYHORSLQJWKHVHVNLOOVDV PDMRUFODVV WLPH LVVSHQWLQH[SODLQLQJ GHYHORS WKLV NQRZOHGJH ZLWK WKH KHOS RI WKHLU SHHUV DQG
WRSLFVZKLFKWKHVWXGHQWLVOLVWHQLQJIRUWKHILUVWWLPH$VWKHUHLV WHDFKHU
KDUGO\DQ\FKDQJHLQWKHIXQGDPHQWDOV RIDVXEMHFWWKHWHDFKHU
KDVWRPRUHRUOHVVUHSHDWWKHVDPHPDWHULDOWRQHZVWXGHQWV\HDU %DUPH >@ %HUUHWW >@ DQG RWKHUV KDYH KLJKOLJKWHG WKH
DIWHU\HDU LPSRUWDQFHRIIOLSSHGFODVVURRPLQLPSURYLQJVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJ
VNLOOV$QGUHZ&KXUFKHV>@LQ%ORRP¶V'LJLWDO7D[RQRP\KDV
:LWKWKHDGYHQW RIGLJLWDOOHDUQLQJ LWLV QRZSRVVLEOHIRUWKH LOOXVWUDWHGWKHXVHRIVRIWZDUHWRROVWRIDFLOLWDWHOHDUQLQJ
WHDFKHUWRFUHDWH FRQWHQWLQGLJLWDOIRUPDWDQG PDNH LW DYDLODEOH
%LVKRS DQG 9HUOHJHU >@ DUH RI WKH RSLQLRQ WKDW DFWLYH
WR VWXGHQWV EHIRUH WKH\ FRPH WR WKH FODVV :LWK WKH KHOS RI
DSSURDFKHVOLNHGLVFXVVLRQVH[HUFLVHVSUREOHPEDVHGOHDUQLQJ
VRIWZDUHWKHWHDFKHUREVHUYHVWKHSURJUHVVRIVWXGHQWVDQGNQRZV
ZKLFK SDUW RI WKH WRSLF LV QRW XQGHUVWRRG E\ WKH VWXGHQWV DQG
SODQVDFFRUGLQJO\WRGLVFXVVWKHVDPHLQFODVV
,Q WKH FODVVURRP WHDFKHU FRQGXFWV JURXS GLVFXVVLRQV UROH
SOD\V DVVLJQPHQWV LQQRYDWLYH FKDOOHQJHV LQ RUGHU WR GHYHORS
KLJKHU RUGHU WKLQNLQJ VNLOOV 7KLV IRUP RI OHDUQLQJ LV WHUPHGDV
)OLSSHG&ODVVURRP

.H\ZRUGV²IOLSSHGFODVVURRPWKLQNLQJVNLOOVGLJLWDOOHDUQLQJ
, )/,33(' &/$665220 
)OLSSHG &ODVVURRP FKDQJHV WKH ZD\ WUDGLWLRQDO WHDFKLQJ
DQG OHDUQLQJ LV FRQGXFWHG ,Q WKLV PRGHO WHDFKHU WDNHV D
GLIIHUHQW DSSURDFK LQ ZKLFK VWXGHQW JHWV ILUVW H[SRVHG WR
GLJLWDOOHDUQLQJLQWKHIRUPRI HERRNVHQRWHVSUHVHQWDWLRQV
3%/FDVH EDVHGOHDUQLQJSUDFWLFDO ZRUN SHHUOHDUQLQJHWF
DUH PRUH LQOLQH ZLWK VWXGHQWV FHQWUHG SHGDJRJLHV 6WXGHQWV
DUH LQLWLDOO\ UHOXFWDQW IRU WKLV QHZ PHWKRG EXW DIWHU
H[SHULHQFLQJWKH\SUHIHULWRYHUWKHWUDGLWLRQDOOHFWXUHV
'D\ DQG )ROH\ >@ KDYH UHSRUWHG WKDW WKHUH LV D SRVLWLYH
LPSDFW RQ VWXGHQWV¶ DWWDLQPHQW DQG VWXGLHV VKRZ WKDW JUDGHV
KDYHLQFUHDVHG
6FKHHO>@KDVHPSKDVLVHGWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIH[SODLQLQJWR
WKHVWXGHQWVWKH QHHGRI IOLSSHGOHDUQLQJDQGZK\ RQHVKRXOG
DGRSWWKLVPHWKRGRIOHDUQLQJ
0DQ\RWKHUUHVHDUFKHUVKDYHVKRZQWKHEHQHILWRI)OLSSHG
FODVVURRP 7KH DXWKRUV IHHO WKDW WKH FDPSXV FDQ EH
WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR D SODFH RI LQQRYDWLRQ FUHDWLRQ DQG FULWLFDO
HYDOXDWLRQLILWDGRSWVDQGIROORZV)OLSSHGFODVVURRPOHDUQLQJ

116
February 11, 2015 3:16 Research Publishing : HSSR Volume 23: Issue : Year : 083
Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707
,, &+$//(1*(6 )$&('%< 75$',7,21$/ 02'(/2)
&/$665220
$฀ &KDOOHQJH,
7KHDPRXQWRIWLPHVWXGHQWVJHWWRDFWLYHO\HQJDJHLQSHHU
LQWHUDFWLRQ LQWHUDFW ZLWK WKH WHDFKHUV DQG JHW LWHUDWLYH DQG
WLPHO\ IHHGEDFN IRU OHDUQLQJ LV YHU\ SUHFLRXV 7\SLFDOO\ WKLV
SUHFLRXV WLPH LV VSHQW LQ GRLQJ WKLQJV ZKLFK FDQ EH PRUH
HIILFLHQWO\ GRQH RXWVLGH WKH FODVVURRP HJ UHDGLQJ IURP D
WH[WERRNZDWFKLQJDYLGHROLVWHQLQJWRDSUHSDUHGOHFWXUHHWF
%\ WDNLQJ WKLV DVSHFW RI WHDFKLQJ RXWVLGH RI WKH FODVVURRP
WKHUH LV DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR DGGUHVV RWKHU FKDOOHQJHV W\SLFDOO\
WHDFKHUVIDFHZLWKUHJDUGVWRWHDFKLQJDPXOWLSDFHGFODVVDQG
DGMXVWLQJ WR YDU\LQJ OHDUQLQJ VW\OHV LQ D FODVV 6RPH VWXGHQWV
PD\QRWXQGHUVWDQGWKHPDWHULDOLQWKHLUILUVWDWWHPSWEXWPD\
UHTXLUH PXOWLSOH DWWHPSWV WR UHDG ZDWFK RU OLVWHQ WR WKH
LQVWUXFWLRQDOPDWHULDOV
%฀ &KDOOHQJH,,
,W LV YHU\ GLIILFXOW IRU WHDFKHUV WR HIILFLHQWO\ JDXJH LQ D
FODVVURRP WKH OHYHO RI FRPSUHKHQVLRQ DQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI
WKH EDVLF FRQFHSWV WDXJKW YLD WKH LQVWUXFWLRQDO PDWHULDOV
7\SLFDOO\ PRVW RI WKH FODVV RU ODE WLPH LV VSHQW LQ GHOLYHULQJ
WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ YDOLGDWLQJ VWXGHQW¶V FRPSUHKHQVLRQ LQ DQ DG
KRF PDQQHU DQG UHGHOLYHULQJ WKH VDPH FRQWHQW LI LW LV QRW
XQGHUVWRRGZHOO
 &฀ 8VHRIHIILFLHQWDVVHVVPHQWWRROVWRPHDVXUHVWXGHQWV¶
7KLV OHDYHV KDUGO\ DQ\ WLPH LQ WKH FODVVURRP DQG ODE WR
IRFXV RQ WKH KLJKHU OHYHO RI OHDUQLQJ RI D VXEMHFW ZKHUH
VWXGHQWV JHW DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR SURFHVV WKH EDVLF IDFWV DQG
NQRZOHGJHSXWWLQJ WKLVNQRZOHGJHLQD SURSHUFRQWH[WDSSO\
WKLV NQRZOHGJH WR VROYH FRPSOH[ SUREOHPV DQG HYHQWXDOO\
GHVLJQ RU EXLOG RU FUHDWH VRPHWKLQJ QHZ 7UDGLWLRQDOO\ WKLV
DVSHFW RI OHDUQLQJ LV OHIW IRU VWXGHQWV WR GR RQ WKHLU RZQ YLD
KRPHZRUN RU DVVLJQPHQWV RU SURMHFWV ZLWK YHU\ OLWWOH
RSSRUWXQLW\ IRU WKHP WR GLVFXVV GHEDWH PDNH PLVWDNHV JHW
IHHGEDFNFRUUHFWPLVWDNHVUHWU\DQGOHDUQIURPHDFKRWKHULQ
WKHFODVVURRPRUODE
 OHDUQLQJDQGTXLFNO\LGHQWLI\WKHJDSVZKLFKQHHGWREH ILOOHG
7KLV SHUSHWXDWHV D SUREOHP ZKHUH WHDFKHUV DUH IUXVWUDWHG
VWXGHQWVIHHOKHOSOHVVDVVHVVPHQWVDUHXVHGWR ILOWHUDQGUDQN
VWXGHQWV UDWKHU WKDQ XVLQJ WKHP DV DQ HIIHFWLYH WRRO IRU
JDWKHULQJ VSHFLILF HYLGHQFH RI OHDUQLQJ WLHG WR WKH OHDUQLQJ
REMHFWLYHV FRXUVH RXWFRPHV DQG DVVRFLDWHG SURJUDP
RXWFRPHV
  $V SHU /HQ]¶V /DZ DQ\ V\VWHP UHVLVWV FKDQJH 7KLV
7KH PDLQFKDOOHQJHLQVWLWXWHVDQGWHDFKHUVIDFHWRGHYHORS
KLJKHURUGHUWKLQNLQJVNLOOVDVPRVWRIWKHHIIRUWLVVSHQWLQWKH
FODVVURRP DFFRPSOLVKLQJ WKH ORZHU RUGHU WKLQNLQJ VNLOOV RI
VWXGHQWV LH UHPHPEHU DQG XQGHUVWDQG NH\ FRQFHSWV 7KLV
OHDYHVYHU\OLWWOHWLPHIRUWKHVWXGHQWVWRDFTXLUHKLJKHUOHYHOV
RIVNLOOVUHTXLUHGE\WKH LQGXVWU\ ZKHUH VWXGHQWV DUHH[SHFWHG
WR DSSO\ DQDO\]H HYDOXDWH DQG FUHDWH UDWKHU WKDQ MXVW UHFLWH
ZKDWWKH\NQRZ
 KDYH FUHDWHG GLJLWDO FRQWHQW DQG SXW RQ LQWHUQHW WKURXJK
,,, )/,33(' &/$665220 5(48,5(0(176
$฀ (PSRZHUVWXGHQWVWRKDYHDFFHVVWRWRSLFVLQGLJLWDORU
SULQWIRUP
 7KH WHDFKHU OLVWV RU FUHDWHV GLJLWDO DQG RU SULQW FRQWHQW
UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLFWREHGLVFXVVHGLQWKHFODVVDQGXSORDGVRQ
WKHLQVWLWXWHVHUYHURUFORXG,WPD\EHLQWKHIRUPRIHERRNV
HQRWHV SUHVHQWDWLRQV VHOI YLGHRV YLGHRV IURP RWKHU
XQLYHUVLWLHV VLWHV WKDW ZLOO HQULFK WKH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH
WRSLF6RIWZDUHPRQLWRUVWKHFRQWHQWDFFHVVHGE\VWXGHQWVDQG
DOVRDVVHVVHVWKHXQGHUVWDQGLQJOHYHORIWKHVWXGHQW
,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRSUHVHQWWKHILUVWH[SRVXUHOHDUQLQJFRQWHQWLQ
VXFKDZD\WKDWLWLVHQJDJLQJDQGHQFRXUDJHVWKHVWXGHQWVWR
VSHQG WKHLU WLPH WR UHYLHZ WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ EHIRUH FRPLQJ WR
FODVV
%฀ (QFRXUDJHVWXGHQWVWRFRPHSUHSDUHGIRUWKHFODVV
3URSHU PHFKDQLVP VKRXOG EH LQ SODFH WR PDNH VXUH WKLV
HIIRUWLVWDNHQE\VWXGHQWVEHIRUHFRPLQJWRWKHFODVVRUDODE
7\SLFDOO\ WKLV LV GRQH E\ WUDFNLQJ WKHLU DFWLYLW\ DQG KDYLQJ
VWXGHQWV VXEPLW HYLGHQFH RI WKHLU DWWHPSWV WR OHDUQ DQG
GHPRQVWUDWH WKHLU OHYHO RI VXFFHVV LQ DFFRPSOLVKLQJ WKH
OHDUQLQJ JRDOV 6RPH SRUWLRQ RI WKH LQWHUQDO DVVHVVPHQW LV
W\SLFDOO\ WLHG WR WKLV DFWLYLW\ ZKLFK LPSDFWV VWXGHQW¶V JUDGHV
DQGWKXVPRWLYDWHVWKHPWRLQYHVWWKHLUWLPHLQWKLVDFWLYLW\
OHDUQLQJEHIRUHWKHFODVVEHJLQV
7HOOLQJ VWXGHQWV WR UHYLHZ PDWHULDO RQ WKHLU RZQ DQG
HQJDJLQJ LQ WKH FODVVURRPV WR SHUIRUP KLJK OHYHO RI OHDUQLQJ
GRHVQRWZRUNZHOOXQOHVVWKHUHLVDPHFKDQLVPWRHQVXUHWKDW
FHUWDLQOHYHORIOHDUQLQJKDVWDNHQ SODFHEHIRUH FRPLQJWRWKH
FODVV ,I WKHUHDUHDUHDVZKLFKDUHQRWZHOOXQGHUVWRRG E\WKH
PDMRULW\ RI WKH FODVV WHDFKHUV JHW DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR IRFXV RQ
WKHFRPPRQPLVFRQFHSWLRQVEHIRUHVWDUWLQJWKHKLJKHUOHYHORI
OHDUQLQJDFWLYLW\WRDSSO\WKHNQRZOHGJHWKH\KDYHOHDUQW

+DYLQJ HIILFLHQW DVVHVVPHQW WRROV WR JDWKHU HYLGHQFHV RI
EHIRUH SURFHHGLQJ IXUWKHU LV DQ LPSRUWDQW DVSHFW IRU PDNLQJ
IOLSSHGFODVVURRPPRGHOVXFFHVVIXO

'฀ 'HGLFDWHG)DFXOW\WKDWLVUHDG\WRDGDSWWKHFKDQJH

DSSOLHV WR WKH WUDGLWLRQDO WHDFKLQJ OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV ,Q RUGHU
WR DGRSW WKH IOLSSHG FODVVURRP FRQFHSW IDFXOW\ SOD\V D NH\
UROH 8QOHVV WKH IDFXOW\ LV UHDG\ WR DFFHSW WKH FKDQJH WKHQ
RQO\ WKH V\VWHP ZLOO ZRUN ,W LV REVHUYHG WKDW WKH \RXQJ
JHQHUDWLRQ XVHV PRELOHV WDEV FRPSXWHUV HWF ZLWK HDVH
+RZHYHUVRPHWHDFKHUVVRPHWLPHVDUHQRWFRPIRUWDEOHZLWK
WKHVH PRGHUQ WRROV &UHDWLRQ RI GLJLWDO FRQWHQW DOVR UHTXLUHV
JUHDW HIIRUW DQG WKH SURFHVV LV VORZ 7HFK VDYY\ SURIHVVRUV
022&V )DFXOW\ QHHG WR FDUHIXOO\ FRPSLOH WKH PDWHULDO DV
SHU WKH UHTXLUHPHQW RI WKH FXUULFXOXP DQG WKH JDSV RU
LPSURYLVHGYHUVLRQFDQEHFUHDWHGE\WKHP
117
February 11, 2015 3:16 Research Publishing : HSSR Volume 23: Issue : Year : 083

Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707

'HGLFDWHG IDFXOW\ FDQ EULQJ RXW WKH KLJKHU RUGHU WKLQNLQJ IXUWKHU )LJ  7KLV LQFUHDVHV VWXGHQW LQYROYHPHQW ZLWK WKH
VNLOOVRIVWXGHQWV

(฀ 'HYHORSLQJ+LJKHURUGHU7KLQNLQJ6NLOOV
 0RVW RI WKH FODVVURRP DQG ODE WLPH VKRXOG EH VSHQW E\
VWXGHQWV WR HQJDJH LQ DFWLYH OHDUQLQJ LQWHUDFWLQJ ZLWK WKHLU
SHHUV DQG WHDFKHUV WR XVH WKH NQRZOHGJH DQG DQDO\]H
V\QWKHVL]H DSSO\ WKHLU NQRZOHGJH WR HYDOXDWH EXLOG GHVLJQ
DQGFUHDWHQHZWKLQJV

,9 86,1*62)7:$5()25)/,33(' &/$665220 
:HOO GHVLJQHG VRIWZDUH FDQ KHOS LQVWLWXWHV WR
LPSOHPHQWWKHPRGHORIIOLSSHGFODVVURRPHIIHFWLYHO\ 
 )LJ([DPSOHRIDQ2YHUOD\4XL]
7KH VRIWZDUH VKRXOG EH DFFHVVLEOH WR WHDFKHUV

VWXGHQWVDQGDGPLQLVWUDWRUV IURPDQ\SODFHDWDQ\WLPHIURP
DQ\GHYLFHXVLQJDQ\RIWKHLQGXVWU\VWDQGDUGEURZVHUV FRQWHQWDQGDOVRJHWVSRZHUIXODQDO\WLFVEDFNWRWKHWHDFKHUWR
 HYDOXDWH WKH OHYHO RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ZKLOH ZDWFKLQJ WKH YLGHR
7HDFKHUV FDQ FOHDUO\ GHILQH FRXUVH RXWFRPHV FRQWHQW7HDFKHUVFDQYLHZDUHSRUWWRVHHZKLFKVWXGHQWVKDYH
LQVWUXFWLRQDO PDWHULDOV DQG OHVVRQ FRQWHQWV UHTXLUHG WR ZDWFKHG WKH YLGHR FRQWHQW DQG JDXJH WKHLU OHYHO RI
DFFRPSOLVKWKHVHFRXUVHRXWFRPHV XQGHUVWDQGLQJ GHPRQVWUDWHG EHIRUH WKH\ FRPH WR WKH FODVV
$V SHU WKH DFDGHPLF FDOHQGDU WKH VRIWZDUH VKRXOG )LJ
KHOSWKHWHDFKHUVWRHQDEOHDSRUWLRQRIWKHOHVVRQFRQWHQWIRU
DVVHVVPHQWEHIRUHWKHFODVV /HVVRQ FRQWHQW FDQEHWKHLU RZQ
FRQWHQW RU WKH FRQWHQWV ZKLFK WHDFKHUV FRQVLGHU PRVW
DSSURSULDWH WR DFFRPSOLVK WKH OHDUQLQJ REMHFWLYHV 7HDFKHUV
FDQ OLQN WR WKH RSHQ HGXFDWLRQDO UHVRXUFHV RQ WKH QHW
XSORDGLQJWKHOHDUQLQJ FRQWHQWVUDQJLQJ IURP3')VWR YLGHRV

ZLWK YRLFHRYHU WR VLWHV ZLWK VLPXODWLRQV DQG DQLPDWLRQV
ZKLFK H[SODLQ WKH FRQFHSWV )LJ )LJ3HUIRUPDQFHRIVWXGHQWVEHIRUHDWWHQGLQJFODVV

$VVHVVPHQWVDUHOLQNHGWRWKHUHOHYDQWOHVVRQFRQWHQWWRJHW
GHHSHU LQVLJKWV LQWR WKH OHYHO RI VWXGHQW XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG
PRUH LPSRUWDQWO\ TXLFNO\ LGHQWLI\ FRPPRQ PLVFRQFHSWLRQV
WKH\PD\KDYHEHIRUHWKH\FRPHWRWKHFODVV

2QFH VWXGHQWV JR RYHU WKH SUHFODVV OHDUQLQJ FRQWHQW DQG
GR WKH DVVHVVPHQWV OLQNHG WR WKLV FRQWHQW FODVVURRPV RU ODEV
FDQHQJDJHLQIDFHWRIDFHLQWHUDFWLRQVWRFXOWLYDWHKLJKHUOHYHO
RIWKLQNLQJDQGGHVLJQEXLOGRUFUHDWHQHZWKLQJV

,QPDQ\FDVHVVWXGHQWVFDQEHVSOLWLQWRVPDOOHUJURXSVWR
ZRUN DV WHDPV DQG HQJDJH IRU VRPH SHULRG RI WLPH GRLQJ
SURMHFWV 6RIWZDUH PDNHV LW HDV\ IRU WKH WHDFKHUV WR FUHDWH
 YLUWXDO SRGV RI VWXGHQWV DV SURMHFW WHDPV DQG DOORZ WKHP WR
 FRQWLQXHWKHLUFROODERUDWLRQHYHQDIWHUOHDYLQJWKHZDOOVRIWKH
)LJ9LGHRSRVWHGRQ<RX7XEH137(/ 
 FROODERUDWLRQ DQG SURYLGH WLPHO\ IHHGEDFN WR PDNH VXUH WKH
6WXGHQWV KDYH WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR GLVFXVV DURXQG WKLV FRQWHQW
DQGWHDFKHUVFDQPRGHUDWHWKLVGLVFXVVLRQHYHQEHIRUHFRPLQJ
WRWKHFODVV

0RQLWRULQJ FDQ EH GRQH E\ RYHUOD\ TXL]]HV RQ WRS RI WKH
YLGHR FRQWHQW ZKLFK FDQ EH SDXVHG DW D FHUWDLQ SUHGHILQHG
SRLQWDQGVHHNHQJDJHPHQWIURPWKHVWXGHQWEHIRUHSURFHHGLQJ
FODVVURRP RU ODE 7HDFKHUV FDQ FRQWLQXH WR PRQLWRU WKHLU
JURXSFRQWLQXHVWREXLOGKLJKHUOHYHOVNLOOVZKLOHDSSO\LQJWKH
NQRZOHGJH

9 &$6( 678',(621)/,33('&/$665220
$฀ &DVH6WXG\,
6WXGHQWV RI WKH )LUVW <HDU HQJLQHHULQJ ZHUH GLYLGHG LQWR
VL[ JURXSV (DFK JURXS ZDV DVVLJQHG RQH XQLW RI WKH FRXUVH
118
February 11, 2015 3:16 Research Publishing : HSSR Volume 23: Issue : Year : 083

Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707

7KHJURXSKDGWRFROOHFWUHODWHGOHDUQLQJPDWHULDOIURPERRNV
ZHEVLWHV YLGHRV WKHLU SHHUV IURP LQGXVWU\ RU DQ\ RWKHU
VRXUFH2QWKHVWLSXODWHGGDWHWKHJURXSKDGWRSUHVHQWDSRVWHU
RUZRUNLQJPRGHORQWKHWRSLF
7KHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQVZHUHPDGH
• 6WXGHQWV FROOHFWHG ORW RI PDWHULDO RQ WKH VDLG WRSLF
+RZHYHUWKH\QHHGDJXLGDQFHIURPWKHIDFXOW\DQG
RI OHDUQLQJ E\ DSSO\LQJ WKH FRQFHSWV DQG SXWWLQJ WKHP LQ WKH
ULJKW FRQWH[W 7HDFKHUV UHDOL]HG WKDW WKH\ ZHUH ZDVWLQJ VR
PXFK RI ODE WLPH LQ UHKDVKLQJ DQG UHYLVLWLQJ WKH EDVLF
LQIRUPDWLRQVWXGHQWVDUHH[SHFWHGWRUHPHPEHUDQGXQGHUVWDQG
EHIRUH FRPLQJ WR WKH ODE 7KLV UHGXFHG WKH WLPH WKH\ FRXOG
VSHQG ZLWK WKH VWXGHQWV WR GHYHORS DQG UHILQH KLJKHUOHYHO
VNLOOVDQGWHFKQLTXHVLQWKHODE

VHQLRUVWXGHQWVWRSUHSDUHWKHSRVWHURUPRGHO
• $ERXW  RI WKH VWXGHQWV ZHUH DEOH WR GHIHQG WKH
SRVWHUHIIHFWLYHO\
• 6WXGHQWVZKRFUHDWHGPRGHOZHUHDEOHWRGHPRQVWUDWH
HIIHFWLYHO\ WKH ZRUNLQJ SULQFLSOHV ZLWK IXQGDPHQWDO
,Q WKH LQWHUPHGLDWH FRXUVH RXWFRPHV )LJ  LW LV
YHU\FOHDUWKDWWKHUHLVDQHHGWRWDNHVWHSVWRLPSURYHVWXGHQW
DWWDLQPHQW UDWLR IRU WKH FRXUVH RXWFRPH RI ODERUDWRU\
WHFKQLTXHV

XQGHUVWDQGLQJ)LJ


)LJ0RGHOFUHDWHGE\)LUVW<HDUVWXGHQWV

• 6WXGHQWVH[KLELWHGWHDPZRUN 
)LJ,PPHGLDWH&RXUVH2XWFRPH5HSRUW
• ,QDUDUHFDVHDVWXGHQWRIIHUHGKLVFDVHWRFRQGXFWWKH 
FODVVVXEVWLWXWLQJ WKHWHDFKHU DQGSUHVHQWHGWKHWRSLF 6RIWZDUH ZDV XVHG E\ WKH WHDFKHU WR SXEOLVK IRFXVHG
LQDYHU\HIIHFWLYHPDQQHUZKLFKZDVDSSUHFLDWHGE\ OHVVRQ PDWHULDO IRU HDFK H[SHULPHQW ZLWK DVVRFLDWHG YLGHR
WKHWHDFKHUWRDJUHDWH[WHQW
GHPRQVWUDWLRQV FRQFHSWV WKHRU\ DQG SURFHGXUHV )LJ
• 7KHTXDOLWDWLYHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHVWXGHQWVLPSURYHG
GUDVWLFDOO\
• 6RPHWLPHV WHDFKHUV KDG WRXJK WLPH WR VROYH WKH
TXHULHVRI VWXGHQWVZKHQ FRQGXFWLQJ WKHLUWUDGLWLRQDO
FODVV
• 6WXGHQWVDSSUHFLDWHGWKHOHDUQLQJPHWKRGRORJ\
• ,WZDVDOHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFHIRUWKHIDFXOW\WRR
%฀ &DVH6WXG\,,

6WXGHQWV HQUROOHG LQ D 0LFURELRORJ\ FODVV ZHUH
H[SHFWHGWRGRDURXQGODERUDWRU\ H[SHULPHQWVLQDFRXUVH 
/DERUDWRU\WLPHZDVUHODWLYHO\H[SHQVLYHEHFDXVHRIWKHXVHRI 
FRVWO\ ODE PDWHULDOV DQG WLPH VSHQW E\ WKH VXSSRUWLQJ VWDII WR )LJ  /DE 0DQXDO 2SHQ &RXUVH /LEUDU\ 5HVRXUFH 0LFURELRORJ\ &UHDWLYH
SUHSDUH DOO WKH DJHQWV IRU WKH VWXGHQWV $OWKRXJK ODE PDQXDOV
FRQWDLQV WKH EDVLF LQIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH WHUPV WKHLU GHILQLWLRQV
FRQFHSWV DQG WKHRU\ UHODWHG WR WKH H[SHULPHQWV VWXGHQWV
VKRZHG YDULHG OHYHOV RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ EHIRUH FRPLQJ WR WKH
ODERUDWRU\ 7KLV UHVXOWHG LQ IUXVWUDWLRQ IRU WKH WHDFKHU LQ WKH
ODEIUXVWUDWLRQIRUWKHVWXGHQWVQRWDEOHWRVHHWKHUHVXOWVWKH\
H[SHFWHGDQGZDVWHRIWLPHDQGUHVRXUFHVDVVWXGHQWVUHSHDWHG
VRPHRIWKHVHH[SHULPHQWVIRUEHWWHUUHVXOWV$ORWRIWLPHZDV
ZDVWHG UHSHDWLQJ VRPH RI WKH EDVLF LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG WHUPV LQ
FRPPRQV

)RUHDFKRIWKHODEVHVVLRQWKHWHDFKHUHQDEOHGD3UH/DE
4XL] ZKLFK VWXGHQWV ZHUH UHTXLUHG WR ILQLVK EHIRUH HQWHULQJ
IRUWKHODEVHVVLRQ7KLVKHOSHGVWXGHQWVSUHSDUHZHOODQ\WLPH
EHIRUH FRPLQJ WR WKH ODE IURP DQ\ SODFH RI WKHLU SUHIHUHQFH
DQGIURPDQ\GHYLFHRIWKHLUFKRLFH7KH\FRXOGVHHWKHYLGHRV
DQGUHDGPDWHULDOVDV PDQ\ WLPHVDVWKH\ ZDQWHGDQGKDGWKH
DELOLW\ WR WHVW WKHLU NQRZOHGJH RI WKH WHUPV SURFHGXUH
WKHODELQVWHDGRIXVLQJODEWLPHWRGRWKLQJVDWDKLJKHUOHYHO FRQFHSWVDQGWKHRU\)LJ

119
February 11, 2015 3:16 Research Publishing : HSSR Volume 23: Issue : Year : 083

Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707

GDVKERDUG YLHZ RQ ZKR KDV ZDWFKHG WKH YLGHRV UHDG WKH
DQQRXQFHPHQWVDQGOHDUQLQJFRQWHQWDQGKRZZHOOWKH\KDYH
XQGHUVWRRG WKH PDWHULDO YLD LQWHUDFWLYH TXL] UHSRUW DQG
+RW6SRWDQDO\VLVUHSRUWIRUWKH4XL]
7KLV DSSURDFK LV KHOSLQJ D WHDFKHU HIIHFWLYHO\ XVH
6RIWZDUH EDVHG OHDUQLQJ SODWIRUP WR IOLS WKH PRGHO DQG
HPSRZHU WKH VWXGHQWV WR WDNH LQLWLDWLYH DQG OHDUQ EDVLF
FRQFHSWV UHPHPEHU WHUPV YLVXDOL]H SURFHGXUHV XQGHUVWDQG
WKH WKHRU\ RQ WKHLU RZQ %()25( FRPLQJ WR WKH FODVV 7KLV
DOORZV WHDFKHUV DQG VWXGHQWV WR PDNH WKHLU ODE H[SHULHQFH
PRUH HQJDJLQJ SURGXFWLYH LQWHUDFWLYH FROODERUDWLYH DQG
HIILFLHQWZKLFKLQWXUQDOORZVVWXGHQWVWRGHYHORSKLJKHURUGHU
VNLOOV DQG WKH LQVWLWXWH WR LQFUHDVH WKH VWXGHQW RXWFRPH
DWWDLQPHQWOHYHOVDWWKHVDPHWLPH
 
)LJ  9LGHR RQ *UDP 6WDLQLQJ 3URFHGXUH E\ $PULWD 9ODE &UHDWLYH
FRPPRQV 9, &21&/86,216
 
7KHWHDFKHUZDVDEOHWRVSRWPRVWFRPPRQPLVFRQFHSWLRQVLQ )OLSSHG &ODVVURRP PRGHO FDQ GHYHORS KLJKHU RUGHU
WKHVWXGHQWV¶PLQGVEHIRUHWKH\HQWHUHG WKHODEDQGZDVDEOH WKLQNLQJ VNLOOV RI EXGGLQJ HQJLQHHUV DQG VFLHQWLVWV ZKLFK LV
WR XVH WKH +RW6SRW DQDO\VLV )LJ  RI WKH GDWD WR HIILFLHQWO\
DOORFDWH D VPDOO DPRXQW RI WLPH WR UHPRYH VRPH RI WKHVH
FRPPRQ PLVFRQFHSWLRQV EHIRUH VWXGHQWV VWDUWHG WKHLU ODE
ZRUN


 XSORDGVDQGGLVFXVVHVZLWKVWXGHQWV

)LJ+RW6SRW$QDO\VLV
 OHDUQLQJ SODFHV SURMHFW URRPV UHVRXUFH IDFLOLWLHV RQ
6WXGHQWV DQG WHDFKHUV ZHUH DEOH WR JR EH\RQG WKH
UHPHPEHULQJ DQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ OHYHO DQG VSHQG PRUH WLPH
ZLWK DFWXDO H[SHULPHQWV WR DSSO\ WKHLU NQRZOHGJH PDNH
PLVWDNHV DQG OHDUQ IURP WKRVH PLVWDNHV LQ WKH ODE ZLWK WKHLU
SHHUV DQG WHDFKHU SUHVHQW WR KHOS WKHP %\ OHWWLQJ VWXGHQWV
OHDUQ RXWVLGH WKH FODVVURRP WHDFKHUV DUH DEOH WR FUHDWH PRUH
RSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ WKH FODVVURRPODE WR KHOS VWXGHQWV WU\ RXW
QHZHUWKLQJVGHYHORSFXULRVLW\WRWDNHRQLQWHUHVWLQJSURMHFWV
GLVFXVVKRZDOORIWKLVDSSOLHVWRWKH UHDOZRUOG HJZLWKWKH
VSUHDG RI YLUXVHV OLNH (EROD LQ $IULFD DQG (&ROL LQ D ORFDO
VXEXUE 7KH\ KDG WLPH WR GLVFXVV HWKLFDO LVVXHV VXUURXQGLQJ
VRPH RIWKHGHFLVLRQV EHLQJ PDGH DERXWZKR JHWVWKHOLPLWHG
YDFFLQH DQG GUXJV HFRQRPLF LPSOLFDWLRQV RI RWKHU QDWLRQV
KHOSLQJRUQRWKHOSLQJWKHVSUHDGRIGHDGO\YLUXVHVDQGPLFUR
RUJDQLVPVHWF
 6WXGHQWVDQG)DFXOW\PHPEHUVRI-630DQG6$2(3XQH
7KHWHDFKHUSURYLGHGLQFHQWLYHWRWKHVWXGHQWVWRILQLVK
WKH3UH/DEUHDGLQJYLHZLQJDQGDVVLJQPHQWVE\PDNLQJWKLV
DFWLYLW\ DQ LPSRUWDQW SDUW RI WKHLU LQWHUQDO DVVHVVPHQW IRU WKH
ODE ZRUN 6RIWZDUH PDNHV LW HDV\ IRU WHDFKHUV WR JHW D
UHTXLUHG E\ WKH VWDNH KROGHUV HVSHFLDOO\ LQGXVWU\ DQG
HQWHUSULVH
,WFDQEHVXFFHVVIXORQO\LI
• 7HDFKHUV FUHDWH FRQWHQW WKDW LV HDVLO\ DFFHVVLEOH WR
VWXGHQWV DQG DUH GHGLFDWHG IRU GHYHORSLQJ KLJKHU
RUGHUWKLQNLQJVNLOOVLQWKHFODVV
• &ODVVURRPWLPHLVV\VWHPDWLFDOO\SODQQHG
• 6RIWZDUHVXSSRUWIRUFRQWHQWFUHDWLRQDQGDVVHVVPHQW
LV ZRUNLQJ ; DQG LV DYDLODEOH WR VWXGHQWV DQG
IDFXOW\PHPEHUV
• )HHGEDFN DQDO\VLV EH SURSHUO\ HYDOXDWHG DQG
FRUUHFWLYH PHDVXUHV WDNHQ IRU LPSURYHPHQW RI
FRQWHQW
• 7HDFKHU XSGDWHV WKH NQRZOHGJH FRQWLQXRXVO\ DQG
• 7KH RUJDQL]DWLRQ SURYLGHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUH VXFK DV VHOI
DQGRIIWKHFDPSXV

 3UHOLPLQDU\ DQG DQHFGRWDO ILQGLQJV LQGLFDWH WKDW
LPSOHPHQWLQJ IOLSSHG FODVVURRP PRGHO KDV KHOSHG WHDFKHUV
DQGVWXGHQWVLPSURYHRXWFRPHVDQGFUHDWHPRUH RSSRUWXQLWLHV
WR GHYHORS KLJKHU OHYHO WKLQNLQJ 7KHVH REVHUYDWLRQV
HQFRXUDJHXVWR H[SDQGWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQPRUHEURDGO\DQG
H[SORUH WKLV DUHD IXUWKHU WR JDWKHU PRUH GDWD IRU TXDQWLWDWLYH
DQDO\VLVRI)OLSSHGFODVVURRPPRGHOLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
   $&.12:/('*(0(176
7KHDXWKRUVZRXOGOLNHWRDFNQRZOHGJHWKHVXSSRUWRI,Q3RGV
DFORXGEDVHGOHDUQLQJSODWIRUPFRPSDQ\IRUDOORZLQJXVWR
XVHWKHVFUHHQVKRWVDQGVRIWZDUHDQG0U$MD\%KDJZDWIRU
SURYLGLQJWKHWHFKQLFDOVXSSRUWRQDQDO\VLV
6WXGHQWVDQG)DFXOW\PHPEHUVRI%HOOHYXH&ROOHJH%HOOHYXH
137(/IRUYLGHRVXVHGLQWKHVWXG\
$PULWD8QLYHUVLW\IRUGHPRQVWUDWLRQYLGHRRQ0LFURELRORJ\

120
 February 11, 2015 3:16 Research Publishing : HSSR Volume 23: Issue : Year : 083

Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707

5()(5(1&(6 >@ 'D\ -$ DQG )ROH\ -' ³(YDOXDWLQJ D ZHE OHFWXUH LQWHUYDWLRQ LQ D
KXPDQFRPSXWHU LQWHUDFWLRQ FRXUVH´ ,((( 7UDQVFDWLRQ RQ (GXFDWLRQ
 
>@ %DUPH&\QWKLD-KWWSFIWYDQGHELOWHGXJXLGHV >@ 6FKHHO - ³6WXGHQWV¶ UHVLVWDQFH WR IOLSSHG FODVVURRP  7XUQ WR \RXU
>@ %HUUHHWW ' ³+RZ µ)OLSSLQJ¶ WKH FODVVURRPFDQ LPSURYH WKH WUDGLWLRQDO QHLJKEHURXU´7KHRIILFLDOSHHULQVWUXFWLRQEORJ0DUFK
OHFWXUH´7KH&URQLFOHRI+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQ)HE KWWSEORJSHHULQVWUXFWLRQQHWSHHULQVWUXFWLRQ DQGVWXGHQW
>@ $QGUHZ &KXUFKHV %ORRP¶V 'LJLWDO 7D[RQRP\ UHVLVWDQFHWRLQWHUDFWLYHSHGRJRJ\
KWWSHGRUJDPLZLNLVSDFHVFRP 
>@ %LVKRS -/ DQG 9HUOHJHU 0$ ³7KH IOLSSHG FODVVURRP  $ VXUYH\ RI
UHVHDUFK´ $PHULFDO 6RFLHW\ IRU (QJLQHHULQJ (GXFDWLRQ $6(( WK 
$6(($QXXDO&RQIHUHQFHDQG([LELWLRQ$WODQWD-XQH


121

View publication stats