3Gpp Overview by Manoj Pradhan: © Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. LTD

3GPP OVERVIEW
by
Manoj Pradhan
© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Copyright © Nex-G | Skills , NESPL 1
CONTENT
3GPP OVERVIEW
●
3GPP INTRODUCTION
●
WHAT DOES 3GPP SPECIFY?
●
3GPP ORGANISATIONAL PARTNERS
●
3GPP MARKET REPRESENTATION PARTNERS
● HI
MOBILE EVOLUTION 1G-2G-3G-4G
●
3GPP RELEASES
●
NEW FEATURES ADDED IN EACH 3GPP RELEASE
●
3GPP WORKING PROCEDURE
●
3GPP SPECIFICATION GROUPS
●
3GPP RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ITU
●
3GPP VS 3GPP2
●
3GPP STANDARDIZATION PROCESS
●
3GPP FACTS AND FIGURES
●
DOWNLOADING PARTICULAR SPECIFIC NUMBER DOC
●
CHANGE REQUEST
●
RELEASE 8 OVERVIEW
●
RELEASE 9 OVERVIEW

Copyright © Nex-G | Skills , NESPL
2
●
RELEASE 10 OVERVIEW
●
RELEASE 11 OVERVIEW
●
RELEASE 12 OVERVIEW
●
RELEASE 13 OVERVIEW
●
LTE KEY PARAMETERS
●
LTE ARCHITECTURE SPECIFICATION
●
LTE FREQUENCY BAND AND BANDWIDTH
●
CONCLUSION
●
THANKYOU

3GPP INTRODUCTION
What is 3GPP
●
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project more commonly known as 3GPP is an
mobile communications industry collaboration that organises and manages the
standards and development of mobile communication standards.
●
Initially 3GPP was set up to develop a specification to move on from the 2G system,
Global System for Mobile Communications, GSM within the scope of ITU.
●
3GPP was initially set up in 1998, to develop the third generation UMTS mobile
communications system. With that completed many years ago it manages these
standards and a number of others beside.
●
The 3GPP support team which is more correctly known as the Mobile Competence
Centre is located within the offices of the European Telecommunications Standards
Institute, ETSI which is Sophia-Antipolis, near Nice in Southern France.

3GPP Organisation agendas.
• Radio frequency would have been expanded to provide better service to multiple
users. For this GSM is further improved in the form of GPRS in which data in the
form of packets is distributed and another try has been made in to EDGE in which
data sending rates are increased.
• In this regard two areas were specially reconsidered in which GSM revolutionized its
core networking and to make better the radio frequencies which come under the
UTRA zone that covers FDD and TDD.
●
It is also considered that IP based transmission would be achieved to give better
service in which multimedia is also included.
●
The Standardization community has an obligation to look at impact of technology
evolution on society and environment.

3GPP scope.
The scope of 3GPP has considerably increased since its first inception. Now it manages
the standards for a variety of mobile communications systems. These include:
●
GSM and related 2G standards.
●
GSM related 2.5G standards including GPRS and EDGE
●
UMTS and related 3G standards including HSPA
●
LTE and related 4G standards
●
An evolved IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) developed in an access independent
manner
●
The evolving 5G standards

WHAT DOES 3GPP SPECIFY?
●
3GPP Specified Radio Interfaces
-2G radio: GSM,GPRS,EDGE
-3G radio: WCDMA,HSPA,LTE
-4G radio: LTE Advanced
●
3GPP Core Network
-2G/3G: GSM core network
-3G/4G: Evolved Packet Core(EPC)
●
3GPP Servive Layer
-GSM services
-IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS)
-Multimedia Subsystem(MMTEL)
-Support of Messaging and other OMA functionality
-Emergency services and public warning

3GPP ORGANISATIONAL PARTNERS
3GPP Organisational Partners
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Business Japan

ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions USA
CCSA China Communications Standards Association China
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute Europe
TSDI Telecommunications Standards Development Society India India
TTA Telecommunications Technology Association Korea
TTC Telecommunication Technology Commitee Japan
These are the regional standard

Institutions that determine the general
policy and strategy of 3GPP as well as
undertaking a number of other specific
tasks.

6
3GPP MARKET REPRESENTATION PARTNERS
Organisation In addition to the 3GPP

IMS Forum Organizational Partners, there is
TD-Forum also a set of 3GPP Market
Representation Partners who can
GSA be invited by the Organizational
GSM Association Partners to take part in 3GPP
activities.
IPV6 Forum
However they do not have the
UMTS Forum capability and authority to define or
4G Americas publish standards within the 3GPP
scope.
TD SCDMA Industry Alliance
Info Communication Union
Small Cell Forum(Formerly Femto Forum)
CDMA Development Group
Next Generation Mobile Networks(NGMN)
TETRA and Critical Communications Association
(TCCA)

MOBILE EVOLUTION 1G-2G-3G-4G

3GPP RELEASES
3GPP RELEASE DETAILS

RELEASE DATE
Phase 1 1992 Basic GSM
Phase 2 1995 GSM features including EFR Codec
Release 96 Q1 1997 GSM Updates, 14.4kbps user data
Release 97 Q1 1998 GSM additional features, GPRS
Release 98 Q1 1999 GSM additional features,GPRS for PCS 1900,AMR,EDGE
Release 99 Q1 2000 3G UMTS incorporating WCDMA radio access
Release 4 Q2 2001 UMTS all-IP Core Network
Release 5 Q1 2002 IMS and HSDPA
Release 6 Q4 2004 HSUPA, MBMS, IMS enhancements, Push to Talk over
Cellular, operation with WLAN
Release 7 Q4 2007 Improvements in QoS & latency, VoIP, HSPA+, NFC
integration, EDGE Evolution

Release 8 Q4 2008 Introduction of LTE, SAE, OFDMA, MIMO, Dual Cell HSDPA
Release 9 Q4 2009 WiMAX / LTE / UMTS interoperability, Dual Cell HSDPA with
MIMO, Dual Cell HSUPA, LTE HeNB
Release 10 Q1 2011 LTE-Advanced, Backwards compatibility with Release 8 (LTE),
Multi-Cell HSDPA
Release 11 Q3 2012 Heterogeneous networks (HetNet), Coordinated Multipoint
(CoMP), In device Coexistence (IDC), Advanced IP
interconnection of Services,
Release 12 March Enhanced Small Cells operation, Carrier Aggregation (2 uplink
2015 carriers, 3 downlink carriers, FDD/TDD carrier aggregation),
MIMO (3D channel modelling, elevation beamforming, massive
MIMO), MTC - UE Cat 0 introduced, D2D communication,
eMBMS enhancements.
Release 13 March LTE-U / LTE-LAA, LTE-M, Elevation beamforming / Full
2016 Dimension MIMO, Indoor positioning, LTE-M Cat 1.4MHz & Cat
200kHz introduced
Release 14 Mid 2017 Elements on road to 5G
Release 15 End 2018 5G Phase 1 specification
Release 16 2020 5G Phase 2 Exuberant
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NEW FEATURES ADDED IN EACH 3GPP RELEASE

3GPP WORKING PROCEDURE
The purpose of 3GPP is to prepare, approve and maintain Technical Specifications (TS)
and Technical Reports (TR), to be transposed by the Organizational Partners into
appropriate deliverables (e.g., standards).
The Working Procedures of 3GPP cover :

●
Participation in 3GPP
●
3GPP Structure
●
Partners Responsibilities
●
Project Coordination Group
●
Technical Specification groups
●
Work Programme and Technical Coordination
●
Deliverables
●
Reporting
●
External Relations

3GPP SPECIFICATION GROUPS

Project Coordination Group(PCG)-
The PCG is the highest decision making body in 3GPP, it meets formally every six
months to carry out the final adoption of 3GPP Technical Specification Group work
items, to ratify election results and the resources committed to 3GPP.
Responsibilities of the PCG:

●
Determination of overall time-frame and management of overall work progress.
●
Final adoption of work items within the agreed 3GPP scope.
●
Allocation of budgeted human and financial resources to each TSG as provided by
Organisational Partners.
●
Allocation of additional voluntary human and/or financial resources to each TSG as
provided by Individual Members.
●
Appointment of TSG Chairmen.
●
Appointment of PCG Chairman.
In addition, the PCG has the responsibility for:
●
Handling of appeals from Individual Members on procedural matters.
●
Handling of appeals from Individual Members on technical matters.

Technical Specification groups(TSG) in 3GPP are:
●
Radio Access Networks(RAN)
-Splitted into 6 working groups: RAN WG1 to RAN WG6.
-Responsible for the definition of the functions,requirements and interfaces associated
with the radio access network,i.e. UTRA / E-UTRA in both FDD and TDD modes.
-It also adresses the conformance testing of both the UE and the B.S to ensure
complete interoperability regardless of the manufacturer / design of the equipment.
●
Services & Systems Aspects(SA)
-responsible for the overall architecture and service capabilities of systems based on
3GPP specifications and, as such, has a responsibility for cross TSG co-ordination
-There are six working groups known as SA WG1 to SA WG6 or just SA1 to SA6.
-Each working group is responsible for a different area of the services and systems:
SA1 - Services; SA2 - Architecture; SA3 - Security; SA4 - Codec; SA5 - Telecom
management; and SA6 - Mission critical applications.
●
Core Network & Terminals(CT)
-The TSG CT is the working group that addresses the Core Network and Terminals.
-In this role it is responsible for specifying terminal interfaces (logical and physical),
terminal capabilities (such as execution environments) and the Core network part of
3GPP systems.

3GPP RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ITU
3GPP results should be submitted to the ITU as appropriate.
●
Working groups shall send ITU submissions which are destined to become part of
ITU deliverables to their parent TSG for review.
●
Working group communications towards the ITU which are NOT destined to become
part of an ITU deliverable must be reviewed by the TSG chairman and the
appropriate ITU sector convener (if one exists for the given ITU sector). If for some
reason either the TSG chairman or ITU sector convener is not available, then it is
sufficient for the remaining person to review the document and determine if it should
be escalated to the TSG or not.
●
If the working group communication does not require TSG review, then it shall be
conveyed to the ITU from the WG.
●
TSGs shall send ITU submissions which are destined to become part of ITU
deliverables to the PCG for review.
●
TSGs communications towards the ITU which are deemed sensitive by the TSG shall
be sent to the PCG for review.

3GPP VS 3GPP2
3GPP:
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of
telecommunications associations, known as the Organizational Partners. The initial
scope of 3GPP was to make a globally applicable third-generation (3G) mobile phone[1]
system specification based on evolved Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM) specifications within the scope of the International Mobile Telecommunications-
2000 project of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
3GPP2:
3GPP2 should not be confused with 3GPP; 3GPP is the standard body behind the
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that is the 3G upgrade to GSM
networks, while 3GPP2 is the standard body behind the competing 3G standard
CDMA2000 that is the 3G upgrade to cdmaOne networks used mostly in the United
States (and to some extent also in Japan, China, Canada, South Korea and India).
The participating associations are ARIB/TTC (Japan), China Communications Standards
Association, Telecommunications Industry Association (North America) and
Telecommunications Technology Association (South Korea).

3GPP PROCESS OF DEVELOPING NEW SYSTEM/FEATURES
The process is apllied to both “big features” e.g.,LTE and to smaller features, e.g.,
Emergency-call support in LTE.

3GPP STANDARDIZATION PROCESS

3GPP FACTS AND FIGURES

DOWNLOADING PARTICULAR SPECIFIC NUMBER DOC
If you wana download a particular specification numbered file for e.g specification-
36.321 then you have to follow these steps;

Next step select the series that woul contain that specification number here its 36series

Next step select that particular specification number here its TS 36.321

Next step select the version of the document you wanted to download here its 14.2.1

CHANGE REQUEST
What is CR?
A CR is a document which specifies in precise detail, changes which are proposed to the
specification. It consists of a CR coversheet which, amongst other things, describes why
a change is needed and summarises how the change is made. Attached to this are the
parts of the specification affected by the change, with the changes being identified using
the Microsoft Word "Track Changes" (revision marks) feature.
The Change Request (CR) procedure is used by 3GPP to create revised versions of
3GPP specifications after their initial approva.
Three main reasons why change might be required:

●
Add a new feature
●
Correct / clarify / enhance an existing feature of a Release still under development
●
Correct an error in a spec which is functionally frozen
How are change requests proposed, developed and approved?

Once the WG has agreed that the Change Request is both valid and required, it is
presented, on behalf of the WG as an agreed proposal to the parent TSG plenary for
final approval. After approval at TSG level, the 3GPP Support Team (MCC) incorporates
it and any other CRs into a new version of the specification, and makes the new version
of the specification available.
CR status value table

RELEASE 8 OVERVIEW
It was 3GPP release 8 when LTE was introduced for the very first time. All the releases
following only enhanced the technology.
●
High peak data rates : Up to 300 Mbps in downlink and 75 Mbps in uplink when using
●
4x4 MIMO and 20 MHz bandwidth
●
High spectral efficiency
●
Flexible bandwidths: 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz
●
Short round trip time: 5 ms latency for IP packets in ideal radio conditions
●
Simplified Architecture
●
OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink
●
All IP network
●
MIMO multiple antenna scheme
●
Operation in paired (FDD) and unpaired spectrum (TDD)

RELEASE 9 OVERVIEW
●
PWS (Public Warning System): Public should always receive timely and accurate
alerts related to natural disasters or other critical situations. Commercial Mobile Alert
System (CMAS) was introduced in release 9 in addition to ETWS introduced in release
8
●
Femto Cell: Femto cell is basically a small cell used in offices or homes and
connected to providers’ networks through landline broadband connection. 3G Femto
cells are deployed around world and in order for LTE users to take advantage of femto
cell, new requirements were added to release 9
●
MIMO Beam forming: Beamforming is used to increase cell edge throughput by
directing beam towards specific UE by position estimation at eNB. In release 8, LTE
supported single layer beam forming based on user-specific Reference Symbols. In
release 9, single layer beam forming has been extended to multilayer beam forming

●
Self Organizing Networks (SON): SON means self installation, optimization and
healing of networks in order to reduce manual work and cost associated with technical
support. The idea of SON was introduced in release 8 though the focus was more
towards eNBs self configuration where as in release 9, requirements for self
optimization were also added
●
eMBMS: With Multimedia broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS), operators have
capability to broadcast services over LTE network. The idea is not novel to the LTE
and has been used in legacy networks as well but for LTE, the MBMS channel has
evolved from data rate and capacity perspective. The MBMS was already defined at
physical layer in release8 but with release 9, higher layer and network layer aspects
were completed
●
LTE Positioning: Three position methods are specified in LTE release 9 i.e. Assisted
GPS (A-GPS), Observed Time difference of arrival (OTDOA) and Enhanced Cell ID
(E-CID). The goal is to improve the accuracy of user locations in case of emergency
scenarios where the user itself is unable to disclose his whereabouts

RELEASE 10 OVERVIEW
●
Enhanced Uplink multiple access: Release 10 introduces clustered SC-FDMA in
uplink. Release 8 SC-FDMA only allowed carriers along contiguous block of spectrum
but LTE-Advanced in release 10 allows frequency-selective scheduling in uplink
●
MIMO enhancements: LTE-Advanced allows upto 8x8 MIMO in downlink and on the
UE side it allows 4X4 in uplink direction
●
Relay Nodes: In order to decrease coverage loop holes, Relay nodes are one of the
features proposed in release 10. The relay nodes or low power enbs extending the
coverage of main eNB in low coverage environment. The relay nodes are connected to
Donor eNB (DeNB) through Un interface.
●
enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC): eICIC introduced in 3GPP
release 10 to deal with interference issues in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet).
eICIC mitigates interference on traffic and control channels. eICIC uses power,
frequency and also time domain to mitigate intra-frequency interference in
heterogeneous networks

●
Carrier Aggregation (CA): CA introduced in release 10 is a cost effective way for
operators to utilize their fragmented spectrum spread across different or same bands
in order to improve end user throughput as required by IMT-Advanced. User
throughput is increased by sending data simultaneously over two or more carriers.
LTE-Advanced supports bandwidths up to 100 MHz formed by combining up to five
20MHz component carriers. Contiguous and non-contiguous carriers may be
aggregated
●
Support for Heterogeneous Networks: The combination of large macro cells with
small cells results in heterogeneous networks. Release 10 intended to layout the detail
specification for heterogeneous networks
●
SON Improvements: Release 10 provides enhancements to SON features introduced
in release 10 which also considers self healing procedures

RELEASE 11 OVERVIEW
●
Carrier Aggregation enhancements: Following are the major enhancements to
carrier aggregation in release 11
- Multiple timing advances (TAs) for uplink carrier aggregation
- Non contiguous intra band carrier aggregation
- physical layer changes for carrier aggregation support in TDD LTE
●
Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP): With CoMP the
transmitter can share data load even if they are not collocated. Though they are
connected by high speed fiber link
●
ePDCCH: New enhanced PDCCH introduced in 3GPP release 11 to increase control
channel capacity. ePDCCH uses PDSCH resources for transmitting control information
unlike release 8 PDCCH which can only use control region of subframes
●
Network based Positioning: In release 11, support for uplink positioning is added by
utilizing Sounding reference signals for time difference measurements taken by many
eNBs.

●
Minimization of drive test (MDT): Drive tests are always expensive. To decrease
dependency on drive tests, new solutions introduced which are independent of SON
though much related. MDT basically relies on information provided by UE
●
In Device Co Existence: Now a days, all mobile devices would usually carry multi
radio transceivers like for LTE, 3G, Bluetooth, WLAN etc. Now this co existence
results in interference. To mitigate this interference, release 11 has specified solutions
as mentioned below
- DRX based time domain solutions
- Frequency domain solutions
- UE autonomous denials
●
Smartphone Battery saving technique: Many applications on smartphones generate
background traffic which consumes battery power. Release 11 specifies a method
where UE can inform network whether it needs to be operated in battery saving mode
or normal mode and based on UE request network can modify DRX parameters

RELEASE 12 OVERVIEW
●
Small cells enhancements: Small cells were supported since beginning with features
like ICIC and eICIC in release 10. Release 12 introduces optimization and
enhancements for small cells including deployments in dense areas. Dual connectivity
i.e. inter-site carrier aggregation between macro and small cells is also a focus area
●
Carrier aggregation enhancements: Release 12 now allows carrier aggregation
between co-located TDD and FDD carriers. In addition to carrier aggregation between
TDD and FDD, there is also now three carrier aggregations possible for total of 60 Mhz
spectrum aggregated
●
Machine Type communication (MTC): Huge growth is expected in machine type
communication in coming years which can result in tremendous network signaling,
capacity issues. To cope with this, new UE category is defined for optimized MTC
operations
●
Wifi integration with LTE: With integration between LTE and Wifi, operators will have
more control on managing WiFi sessions. In release 12, the intent is to specify
mechanism for steering traffic and network selection between LTE and WiFI

RELEASE 13 OVERVIEW
●
Carrier Aggregation enhancements: The goal in release 13 is to support carrier
aggregation of upto 32 CC (component carriers) where as in release 10, the carrier
aggregation was introduced with support of only upto 5 CC.
●
LTE in unlicensed spectrum enhancements: The focus in release 13 is the
aggregation of primary cell from licensed spectrum with secondary cell from
unlicensed spectrum to meet the growing traffic demand
●
Indoor Positioning: In release 13 there is work going on improving existing methods
of indoor positioning and also exploring new positioning methods to improve indoor
accuracy
●
Enhanced multi-user transmission techniques: Release 13 also covers potential
enhancements for downink multiuser transmission using superposition coding
●
MIMO enhancements: Upto 8 antenna MIMO systems are currently supported, the
new study in this release will look into high-order MIMO systems with up to 64 antenna
ports

LTE KEY PARAMETERS

LTE ARCHITECTURE SPECIFICATION

LTE FREQUENCY BAND AND BANDWIDTH

CONCLUSION
●
3GPP not only produces standards for fast and efficient networks that will enchnce the
user experience, but produces much more than that
●
3GPP is the point of convergence and will unit the world’s operators on a common
platform
●
This is good news, but also places very high responsibilities on 3GPP to take care of
societal and public interest issues
●
3GPP has an active programe of work in areas such as
-ETWS: Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
-PWS: Public Warning System
-eCall
-ICE: In Case of Emergency
●
In the quest for substantial increases to the capacity and throughput of mobile
networks, unlicensed radio spectrum is expected to have an important role in 5G
systems from 2020.

THANK
THANK YOU
YOU


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3GPP OVERVIEW

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

3GPP Organisational Partners

ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Business Japan

These are the regional standard

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Organisation In addition to the 3GPP

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

3GPP RELEASE DETAILS

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

The Working Procedures of 3GPP cover :

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Responsibilities of the PCG:

In addition, the PCG has the responsibility for:

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© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

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Three main reasons why change might be required:

How are change requests proposed, developed and approved?

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

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© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

© Nex-G Exuberant Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

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