BAND GAP xP ERIMENT Aira “Jo clalormine the surshvily and bandgap 7 Semiconductors gy Lows frrobe Method APPARATUS; he experimental Set YP consists probe asxengement, Sample, oven O- 200% , Constant Cwment genernaqlesy Oven Powe supply and Aigital Foun pasbe appaakr i3 One of fhe Slandard and most ceicloly usedl ayy 1a oh fi the measus emenl of eat ofsemiconduclerrs - TN g me Fho® ty employed wher the sampl_ ik 17 dha form of & thin Coa ) Such a & thin Semiconduclkh material’ deposilel onc substrate Tha Sample is millimeden in $132 and having a thickness os. SE consighs fort probe cova ek tneoats Mm AStraighh ime ab equal obstante S| rom each ethan, A constant cworent ig parned thsiough Hr hue prober and the potenhal Axep Vacnosy tre middle koo pneber is meosuxel An oven /§ providadk with a heals 4o heat *he Sample so al | behayr ay; the Semple !> Sbuchied with Incneane in Rmperat i High impedance, Voltmeter | | | Probes | ' alles secre acer Speetmen hosg newstivity | | | ig fo be meorund Conslant Gamneat powor tee ze = oe . N A, $i | i @0 EEE he igure Shows tha. asermpernen ts of oun probes that mea8une Voltage Cvy and supoly euxmenlCA) te the Swgface of the couysal- THEORY !~ At & constant demporatune, the Keristence, R of OQ corduclon ts propoxtonal to thy lengal and" inversely preperbonat fo iPS cen Y crass Sechenn R: po a> (Ohene p YS the seanishviby of tha. Conduclen ancl HX. tmk 6” ohen mek A semiconcluctess han oLechaieal Grouch’ polermedicle mn magne Gekveen that af & conduckr ocak masaldlea - Semiconducden fr fem melehin fhaitt Chayractenjstic property + Recroca elechrent Smshvily with -mowosmg dempoeahusrd- nent fo bond theory , Fhe SANT lev Semiconducleay Yen be {Nougreck . mio Hote banda, “Lealence bencl Hak Con move dae ly; thereby Steaponsible fea the electaical condLeschiy Semi andechM -Sn care mtningi c Semicon ducers , Forms level Lies bekocen the cmeluchvi4é Yy Serriconclucloar. In cove. of MPUSIC Semmigon decclorr, the foam level Lex m belweon the concluchion band mnmaem ank valence. band -marimurmn. Snce Conduchin berdl Her above, tre Porn Level at Ok, whenne thomel Cucieding ade abaleble, Ag Conduchar band xeman$ &noccecpied. So condluchta ig nob Possitlect Ok, ondl oterrsiance. 1S mfiniie. AX Kp oahseMOM, Ha Eccupency of concluchta bond gy eer HP, Hhateby o@rsu) bin Jeyshoil! “J Semicdicluctort Ranishaty of sewn conduelart by four probe me hook . ty Tre rebishiby of maton al 1S angpom inthe arwa o MOODUSA MO F mw Aeencane af olectaical SYS! Maneisa wana) carrion injechor milo tha semni- Conductor by a COHMEdt™ CHHWNG VWeckreders mosh of He Cost Od combna Wat Clattradas so thar HH effect on Conduchwhy ySne Ligidle . BY The Surface on Shich Wi porobers uoh flab co/th ho Seoyace, dea wage ay Dh foon pnoker weal fan Sarigtiviy . meanunement conlanck SoYsce at Pamb dhat LE ia ag faight Ure Sy The chiemelen of the conlene behvuen rete Ue Pacbus.ond TAR Sem conducthy Shall be Smol& Compoined le the. cbslenwa behwon the pnober. 64 The boundary Bekveen he Codrent Cortying. le chawdlas and He bulk mateual 1s hemisphnucel and) Smelt mM Hiameleh _ TL The S ce ofa Semi-condluchen malewoh moa be ato i of aad nen-conlechng A conduchin beun i$ one dn Which maliolof much lo Tsishus thar Semi conducho hes ban plalect. A Non-Gaducting bound vo producak Cs bras of Ax geri condxcled iS M centack oi insu lala iq 2: Showsthe saw uty prober ona Dee afmealeal SL the side boundren oaaclequa: fongrem doe PNober, Ae Me be Consichsecl be iolondeal. boa slew. forthig cone. of © Steue. ef Hiehrness 5 Yenc | the soustuily 18 Comubed ad Te Aen] ©The funchen, ¢le3/s> 1S Bivisencfen Compubrry sesishvitey & meh chpen Ly on the calaret wand $ -L32e astame Aol tHe Se of He molel HA 1s rafmitea mal anch Seonple. daicknors '$ greater, than tecleslence belween the Probe, _~ Py: “ x 2x3] BY Dhow y- nee behvv0 ber, pant the Polenhal Shffere er be NTA NaH Pre o L - Corset gegh He bulezpain of Prober>m Cpe 3+ Spreng tbehveon dre pnober inmetert . Tempore koe. clepenclance of dwsishvi ty o Semicondiedor Dlal electrical con Qeechivi OY & Semicon dluclon 1stha Sumaf the concbuchvilien af the ralenle band ond Conduction bench ensues. I strike 1S dha Koepnoce( of Conchac hvity ond [ kemPponk Re Mependen ca rs given by. : : |7- pep a] ey Lonmat &- bamal gaa Fremaloial . T- tempera how in Keluin. K- Boltzmann anslent, k- $ 6x! eeu. Jno scomatrui oJ a Som condLuctan FURS Cnponantaly eM Lecnecam temeeratwe. Ageies Hovs—* IY Remoke sen&mg Areor - 2¥ Rawsience KWaimomoteb- BY Induc dren harchnong pnocerdd. 4Y Accunale geome he facten edlimahon - S¥ Crone chnizauon of furl cells bipelan placer.OssERVATION Jase - Tempera, Temporeruu. 1/7. Velkageuy Cument | CPD | wy | Gi | = FD ak 2485 | 3.354 | O1U5G 5 2S Ra 15 | 3320 | Oyu 2) ‘18 | B28t | O43 | 5 34 _| 309-15 | 3265 | Ose | op ___3t QoS | 3294 Oo rmss MO | ares | 3193 | O1g3p TO G3 {| 316915 3163 | OBIQ Yb BIg 3133 O:1289 | xy | : | O-126¢q | - 2 ‘5 | 0.1249 | 5 | 556 L29R°'F | %.6u4 pS. | oT }—38 | gnig | 308% To. 7g [ge —461__| 331g | 2-942 | O vray | = | zane 2-966 ONE. 5 2Up- 1 439 | Oper | 5 : #4 | O 4)4Q __} Sub: SB OO. 1 BQ 5 | 4 2864 ony a + | 382-16 | 9-83q | © 169g S 82 | 369 1F | 2:BID 0-155 a — | ue | 2-442 6: 1071, - 86 __| 36,15 | 2 66 OO. OEE pT Roy be a FUG | O pouy 5 ay Ser tas o 103 a 473482 R aaas Hus heal h CP) rae 6-20 82 6-0693 [BO | S:461F Fe | S875) 146 | UES } B:68IG 1-73 4 8-588 +7) | huG9% 14q | 54126 1:68 63266 16% $2479 1-65 | 61646 bby K.043G- 1-62 | 45-0206 16) 4 WqQUaF 1.44 | 4.8809 16@ | 48143 bet WISH OF | Ub68to 1654 | 46262 1-53 | 45672 1B) 4-Fodq__ 50 W4843 Us 4 4YooQ, 1 4t-The Qaophol Zp Vs uP) = ? é < z 3 a : 15“ Se UU UmUmlmm”™”~<“<‘*SS CAreurationg » TP ei ita se . “The bandgap of a Semi conduclon Cg errant) 8 Calenated 6 Plotmy a gaaph between” bap) va 1/7 Th oy asknaight Line eshose Slope 18grven by Eg Also, p : fe felaxr. >) WP = inAt+ §4 We. AKT 5 EAs af axT Ry a &4 2 OP yakxio 4Ad7Ty The Slope calculated from tha gneph (2 5541. ey 2 (KEY x Ax $-6x10° x 10°) ev" > By > Oey Resurt y The bond gap mami Colealebed by few? paobe me tod g” Poe: JCamere (me) 0 —. 1 cross section Temperature (0) 95 Range of Voter 1 Ston rest Resistivity (ot em) 44548Data aN select Maer Camere (me) 0 8 1 cross section Temperature (0) 95 Range of Voter 1 Ston rest Resistivity (ote em) 4.8002