Hackers Ielts Reading Startpdf 7 PDF Free

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SA SHED w + NUSLICt ofeHet ZO} SE EMS HME, S 57] FNOPS WS + USC OSS AIIAI7ID Se HHO] Hey HBAILICH. O18 ‘2eSO| ue Beta) SIUICh at 9. ues 395, Twain saw! ssa aN and the incredible economic, politcal, ands wa "USAEHHPLCL 2 BA lesacies #41 eB | legacies ofthe Australian gold rushes which had begun in. 3881 and tagered a second global austen gold ruse scramble in pursutof the precious yellow mi Ea tiggeted a second gobs ‘Twain saw legacies of the Australian gold rushes Selle 85 BE AAI RAB Nett ELSIE 189544 wlesstoy SAID! Vole SF BE alo) At BA, BAM, TID AY SUES AY Aol SFB © Afilte 1851 Hoy AlAtSIO} Zhulat et ISS 397] Heh S YM AA ITS AwoI Ct. 26 *ojoIgts READING start7| = e zm ro g LIC. | FRE ASUICE & 0lp SRLS BEAL, Pah, IBAA, PAPR, AAUALTE, toh, BAL, IA S of@7IRPE ELC & 01 PH Bovgs71O| Tees 7A! 7101 SILICL. Roles O1Is BA ere sPasetO} 2 BAAS Bore w+ A SILC. Q © be FOIL SAHLPA 1ST ULI), SHOl BE SAOP(LEPS| G)= Les 3 FolgsAt ® BES Gets SIR PA AA 0] S19] F 7] PHOS BOI] OHA. Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals that might otherwise have been allowed to wane. a 1, FE etal Bo1g71 SA{OlO1 OFeI71H] 4440] BE BRR, OD Fi} SAG OM Bol VID, @ SAI} SIO Hote = BI 2} Soje|(S SHOIol FOF, @ SHO}O] +AOFPE YO! MAH thaty)w Uke BOI YOO Stee Fz uct a J] OVE Az +H0l Ye BS, BY FAB UHH 2 PY OA aL OB okt 28 “Boig71e 2 ‘Tourism the preservation of traditional customs, that might otherwise have been encourages handicrafts and festivals allowed to wane 5014+ Bit Ai BH0101 4A0F -A0io| S017 ¥ MOH thats 7) Tourism encourages Bae gett Tourism encourages Bae sec Bes the preservation Tourism encourages / the preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals PBAS Ga SES USA! Be, +Falgs Tea Sxj9] Tourism encourages / the preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals | that might otherwise have been allowed to wane. BBE Tech VES USNC Be, +-Bolws ain anol IAI gow ety HE gIIe! Unit 1 218891 al US mIeIOI71 272, 2jo] E91 BOHgI71 BANS SI PAS TOS Ol ASHICH FAS ZOIA7IACt lol HHS RH He ASS HU ch. i 2 2 Tourism theppeservation | _of traditional customs, that might otherwise have been encourages handicrafts and festivals allowed to wane, 01+ Sb 3401 BA0ie| $H0iz Ale] AOA YO MRO that @ Tourism encourages the preservation Bade see geisict 2) Tourism encourages the preservation / of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals BBLS LBs Teeth MSA Be, +s Te AAS] 3) Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals ‘that might otherwise have been allowed to wane. BBWS BRS SAIC} “MSA HS, FSH IID Ho] 27] Yoo Aetga += Uist ‘BOrgs712| 7 710] Elke AS eo} Saso} 7 SHA PALLICY. BoI7IS MH Cis FAB 71SOS YER Buch, TRA 01+ Sat | cried. eset, 284 -FO+ BA} + BO} Fm Wei HaOK AgHt EL AE ‘Sheis a teacher. Aue AeHOIct. 384 FOl+ SAH + 240} Baa veeaees have acar. Usa a2 get 484 -F0]+ BAL + RAIOID + HOI) BE RAON- Ob) + AE BA-8/8) Igave her my car. Us 40974 aH SO FO Ba Be I lose en mms at She makes me happy. le U1 6071 BIC. 28 WoloIst& READING StartSAH) SE AA A(He WS) BKRI7|AA US)S St7] HHME +AoiPS rhe BS StopoF Sich. ofojesas Reading XIZOIM GO| AASSl= FOO] SRS ChSat ASUCt. 1, MAAR Salah + Ba “OMAN, OCMC), OFS ERICA)’ SO GE AI EHO! UBS LICH +AOLFRILIC. OILE SAY Of YO 2 ANB FAOVIS BILICE OF BROIM, atSIATAHP7E BAO} CHE I'S LHEHHOH QO $14) Ot SANE AOL SIG asMALAIYT 7ISOll HOF LSE ELOY Gol] HA\ot At MAM(tharsyS EAH Bt Buc. Recent research / at Queensland's Gallery of Modern Art Gerhard Richter exhibition / showed / that 1's use Instagram / as part of their aesthetic experience. EGE 212 CITE ESS NAHI ANSE AE HNC ADOPS / SUS Vole] ABSILE 21S] HAIMA /WIRCt / MESS CAcIIaS ABET 2 8/89] os BBO] BN EXERCISE +4017 22hHol A WSS OH miCteH m, Ze HBS MCS, ‘This connects audiences with museum content in a way that they can control and is meaningful to them, 2. BAP SAL SE FS AMlO| OS SAOVAL TMS |7AE +AOLCH, Ct, never, seldom, however Si} VS SPAKE OS UISTO| BAS CEHH7] MSO Wey LEH CHS|a2, Sey LBS A SOIOF SILICH. OFeH SAOUAY, At primarily SAt used2| Sj0}B BSoH= YES Oh USLCH. Audiences used / Instagram primarily / to engage with exhibition content. GHEE 22748e clAcious Aged. DED) 22452 “Stich / ARIS Fe MAI LESH zojOtZI SIH EXERCISE +0178 S2iuol 4 Use O11 nisteH &, IM UES mISIeRUAIO, In Thailand, students seldom practice English every day - or at least not effectively wt = = ‘This connects audiences “with museum content / na way nti) hat they can control and is meaningtul tothe. GREED 0112 2453 IgA) HEA WAKE. ERE 0142 Alec) BEARS MRS! MARAE chet Bod BIO] BHI + IT BOY IOP} SIE In Thaitand, / students (EERE ees2 201 dom practice English / every day ~ of atleast not effective, ones Unit 1 2122t91 a1 iB meFOIA1 293. BAt SAO1F WSALS BNE FASE WS SSMU. Welt SA}2| SAS 7K! WSLS WHS FAS SPE tot BAL, SHEA, DAA SO] USUCL. O] SNOTBS SE SAt Holl HAELICH. SHOPS BAM Bie AS 21 SS SC el Mofoy7] ist ied SAILIC. SAFE Me USS! SPE WSLich. ‘OE BO, FEE SIS AUHOS FO} APS She AO] byAAA+ POSS HAO A(SAALP)7} Sel UEBOM OHSBELICH, © to¥BAt o> 54 ‘PSSA BH) Ee '~O] HONSAS UENHES SAPS SH) OE OHAIBLICL Of SEO, to BALE to keep the weight off7} At falingS +AOH= SS OD QSUCh. Depression could be caused by the discouragement / from failing / to keep the weight off. EGHEB 9852 WHI oR UEOR BH +5 2. } EON Slo IRE AMES Zeer 2 SSO] OD]! ~H/Oi, ~SHS'OR AHAILICE Of2H SAO, SITHEAL? inhabiting Indias At Hyenas®] QI} SBSH ABS ST SUC. SOHAL HS Bot, )Ot SA SS AE ASHALE, SAL VOLS LSS SHS OH FS ALBSLIC. Fizzy drinkscan stretch and upset your stomach _, causing hiccups _ as the diaphragm contracts. SU BRE ME ROLLS TAA F2ch/ BRUS RUA gy SaOR Hyenas inhabiting India have not been studied / widely , compared to those living in Africa, EETED soe e751 82 2c SOKILS SISOL MOMS CFSIAI Ga SIC! RRP OfmAIPION ALA: BHOIOHLY wishes @ HABA s+ pp S| S12! '~S/OHTI, "22 SHAOIOY SEH OS BANS FAS UH ANBRILICE. OF@H ROW, DAE AF} called the diaphragm St lungs?] Sas Wei AB OH ASUCh ‘There is a sheet of muscle / under your lungs ’ called the diaphragm. (EEEED 14 oftjoli= BS et S01 SUCH. 2 OO! IC} MORHOH - BeAeOIET eI EXERCISE +4078 S210] 4 USS O17 wlorel w, UA US MoteHMLS, ‘Syria's war at home is giving way to dangerous proxy conflicts. 30 WojoIgt® READING Start4, PHAIAPA(E A) 24) + at + SA, PAAPSS YO LYS Baro] SEB CH) Bolo FIL Vt RS St AMO S7} MIS She AS ok FAO} FE QAt SHON SIAIRILICH. OH SOM, whichBe LOHA} BE! spidersst glow-wormsol gt 7} Asef gon geuct Some sill-producing animals /use /silk / for hunting, / suchas spiders and even glow-worms, which use sticky silk.” to capture flying prey. EDD 29 UAE Weide SASS ASS POH HAE Agel. SEVIS Woe SESS AST GaAs MSS Pel / OIL LOLA / Se Age BAO BB SOILS HOLE 87] HOH EXERCISE 440/78 B2hiol 4a Use O MOIS, ZN UES mIOFeHEEAIO, You should leave enough space around the back of your fridge, which helps dissipate waste heat more effectively. 5. BSARE SSAb + FO} + SAp HSE $2 S80 VAL HES OE + SLC. O10 ASAP} WO] BS SS USHY, te ess z BolT FELICE SLO UMS FAS FAO HAF IS She +A04-77F SILICH. ofa SIO Fel © S1OH Qs FH MISO! 01-0477] 8k AS APD WSLICt. The neighbour disputes are / more easily resolved / if / the apartment complex has a smoking bylaw. EGHMD 018 29] wale i et size. i} / 919} OFM Geno Bet HOI gCHeL I O12 219] WBE / cy eI EXERCISE +410;-78 dehuiol 44 USS 4 mote, 2 MIS motoHIA, While removing all visitor photography restrictions is not possible, it is true that visitor expectations and experiences have now changed. se > Sytia'swar athome is giving way 10 dangerous proxy confics (SREB Ao a2 erie oe. EREE Aer eae Sao1 HAD ect siete He] ROR You shi id leave enough space “around the back of your fidge, which helps dissipate _ waste heat more efectvely = Je Bub! Bhs 47 FOIOF CL SME FA FOO BE BS GIT FAO Oe SROI BCE oH Yo} Is 8d satoe While removing all visitor photography restrictions isnot posible, its tue that visitor expectations and experiences have now changed, (2 7HsdPI Qt OE AOI BertSl Bea Grr og wR. Unit 1 21 @atel ens 8 misReH7] 31Warm-up test @ wawie ww us! MeMeD, Roe AM UIgS MeHEALS. 4. The Museum of Ice Cream in the US is considered one of the most Instagrammed exhibitions, with ‘over 125,000 hashtagged posts. am ——= = - 2. Supermarket shelves were still empty today despite the big thaw clearing most of the snow from Br in’s roads. am a — L aotai7i a 3. While more roads may solve congestion locally, more traffic on the road network may result in more congestion elsewhere = —— 4. Our diets have such a large environmental impact. Lai a mz 5. Sustainably-sourced seafood is another protein alternative to meat as long as you choose your seafood wisely. 7. Smoking and high alcohol consumption during pregnancy increase the risk of low birthweight and pre-term birth. 8. People affected by smoke in apartments have to prove itis a legal nuisance or hazard. 32 Yojolgs4 READING Start@ Answers 4. The Museum of Ice Cream inthe US 1!!!) os is considered. one of themost Instagrammed exhibitions, with over 125,000 hashtagged posts i"! (EEERD 010/422) BBS AE} IHO| 7H MO] Beis US S oz O4742ICh, O1O1AZEL WHBEIE /OFRON te / OFFENCE /QLAEI=LNON 7a) SOL BEirI= RIE B LEZ 99125, 00041 Slee AIS SB eecres 2. Supermarket shelves were / still empty / today / despite the big thaw deinteHi4' oe Clearing most of the snow wl!) & =!) 0ip!how #41 from Britain's roads foo, (ERERE Amir ee obs ofzt8) g HIO} sIRIEI. EDD HON AS OFS) Sf MIO} LIC} / Se / LEHANE! OHS ATVOUS SPOT | HERO EB ISS BR SzOH Qe 3, While more roads may solve ‘congestion “locally “#/ 4) ie ®4, “more traffic ‘onthe road. network 8/2! / may result in more congestion / elsewhere =! EGU 4 we weve 4 we mE HBB OPI = aU (GED bok! Se oie + Slates MEMES BtNOe, cee WEBS (2 SEAM Opies RC / OS MS ASS 2 HON CHE Ro 4. Our diets have / such 2 Wi alarge imosct 4 / a large environmental impact. GET $219) 40) B01 ge BBS 718. ERD $212) 410] HAL / BOL Ne SEE MEIC 5. Sustainably-sourced siood +4 /seafOod is / another protein alternative /to meat, /as long asyou choose yourseafood wisely = (EGE HBS S FOF cHet E CHE Choy cHotOI gICt, ERD 118492 Be ist NSE ~O/ SICH /ECHE CE Cito] / SAFO CHE, / FHO] MEIC / OAT 8 Hye 6. People / living in apartments *12 «9 experience / secondhand smoke. ‘EGE Ase UNSeS ste 7ts801 wt. EEE HBSS OMEOL FE ARG HN 7HSHOl Ah VSeR \ /are much more 6:19 n e044 likely to 7. Smoking and high alcoho! consumption / during pregnancy ® sight and pre-term birth of") 84) « (ESHED Qt! S Beer clyo| eas ale seis ect. BD ST C2] VAS YE Vel SOU / HBS wh MS BAL BAO} / increase the risk / of 8. People ‘affected by smoke in apartments » nuisance or hazard, (GREED A282 7210) wstow el etoHoIILt gieeIcHs 24 SeoHor sich, REED HESS OFPEOIA BeI0H Oley MIAH WE --SeIoHOH IC! 2210) BIOS ayy eteHO|7ILt SIRIOICHE 28 have to prove / it isa legal Unit 1 21 eo] Ne HB MstOH2] 33Skimming#t Scanning & ofo|ge Reading ASS F HO|x| YE] Uolz vefol YS MAILICh, Yee! AIz Col OS SAIS B71 POM 2 BS SESE se SoH AIO] BLeUCL, & Soh MS Sw Se SoH let Skimmingzt Scanningos Us + BSUCE. & SkimmingS BUA! USS HfoH7| Ht Soh VAILCh, skimS Let HRS LLY ROO] LS Be Hg OIOIgLUIC & Scanning $3 BUS 271 At SAH HPILICL scan SAS 2S 27] Sah VO! velo USS AIT ge 4g OBL & ofo|gk* ReadingoilM Skimminga} Scanning ASSH= WS cha} SLICK. ‘Rese! HBR Mofo 20] S34 SY BER Ue 200] S44 “ARO PMR ASL. DA She UIBDt SIE! SHON LOI7IO} HSLIC. +2 Se0] 8 Basa OI BAB SUCH + SAIL TIRS, AR OI, HE Bol Sw NoH7Io Bech. + SAY BG ST Qe TAL) ALISO! BES Welsh - SAOR OIC Of] BS Te RIA AMOR als AtmSLICL Of XEBS oH SOIOF ILI. “AVE SUCHE SOE Sok SALE FAME BAOHELICH, @ SkimmingZt Scanning MS ASW ASS AT CHS F 712] HO] Forel] MopoHsia, - 221 FH — TRS HBS SUA] Seat ese ‘The Safest Driver ‘The traditional stereotype attached to female drivers is slowly being reversed, arguably as a result of increasingly conclusive statistics which prove women are sefer and more considerate than men. Data compiled from insurance claims reveals that men between the ages of 40 and 60 represent the greatest risk. 34 WoloIgt# READING Start© QFE HO] Mere! WSK] SB BL] PHBL + B91 FM HEI UES > Skimming AS + TE SBE BUNFO| Asasat Clee + BI Bet ~ Scanning AKG @ BMA! UISOH ORIOLE AE Skimming WILE, $3 BLE Scanning WHOS IS NSUCH ying AS ABA A BO] ObIOf HM OI ENN MIOfSHELICh The Safest Driver ‘The traditional stereotype attached to female driversis sowly being reversed, arguably as a result of increasingly conclusive statistics which prove women ate safer and more considerate than men. Data compiled from insurance claims reveals that ‘men between the ages of 40 and 60 represent the greatest risk. EE R01 HE CtEI SEITIG! AOR SeIT}OH IEE Of CHOY UNBAIS B SSLICh. Tain Amt Sat BewS) WBS Bol 0] EEAWCT Cf CaIeICHE LIOR, DF AWNOZ OBIS|o] YOR HZO| Hig! YS MBH S SVILICL MD} O| NBS CtOIe SHB Fae + BLL ch EE 282 01401 UEC Grete SaEIC gees 7 rte aa, Scanning A'S AUBB #204 Balojel 4194(women or men|zt HO}, SA, RID 7A HEHthe greatest risk) SESH: LHO1 SOF surct. ‘The Safest Driver The traditional stereotype attached to female rivers is slowly being reversed, arguablyas a result of increasingly conclusive statistics which prove ‘women are safer and more considerate than men. Data compiled from insurance claims reveals that ‘men between the ages of 40 and 60 represent the testrisk, {EQ} OIE (men, ages, the greatest sskO} IF gtk BBE OK BYOE, 7y 2 HUB Mole su IAI += 40-600H wSOI2HE UERILIC. ES gy, 40-6004 ‘Boh ts MY! BN ofa SENN IR LIAL! LEIZIO| WATS] MPT Blecg, 1 re O} EXHUC Cf eFRteET AUBBHCH 2! @ BAIL eH aAIoN SI ASTON AO-coek HOI 71 FIBRE AS LEI Unit 2 AE US mer 9 mE BE 27) -95EXERCISE 728 228 BAB BOLLMO, Rising sea levels may well be a problem for food production because if land becomes covered with sea water, the selt can make it unsuitable for growing crops. Research is therefore being carried out in the Netherlands to try to develop crops which can still grow well in salty soil. Experiments have previously been carried out with carrots and one variety of onion. However, the most exciting developments at the moment are the attempts to produce a potato like this, as the potato is the world's fourth most important crop. Q What salt tolerant vegetable is currently being developed? cry = Q What salt-tolerant vegetable is currently being developed? tiny het Be! QOH Bet are e107? D SAHA LPSH= 240] AEA! SOMA] Sy BHO SILC GEES ut 7H B01 SHON ZION HA > Bh BE — Scanning AB @ SH) WAo12! salt-tolerant(A#o} 214) 2t vegetable(*H2), currently being developed (nt 7#= Se!) Of HSS HOES ALEOHAY SOHSLICH, Rising sea levels may well be a problem for food production because if land becomes covered with sea water, the salt can make it unsuitable for growing crops. Research is therefore being carried out in the Netherlands to try to develop crops which can still grow well in salty soil. Experiments have previously been carried out with carrots and one variety of onion. However, the most exciting developments at the moment are the attempts to produce a potato like this, as the potato is the world’s fourth most important crop. salt-tolerant 1804 29! grove welin salty soil #01 Qe EIA A AHS vegetable 8 + potato 2th being carried out YY Se! curren ms Bel ity beta Hevebopel CH NE St developments at the moment @ A/ E012} 7H (ED FS01 HE SOME B AeKe ARS OPH AO} ACD VCH UES OOH THMOHD Rte 7H SOS 201 Y TBS eovati= ASEH USO] O10} L497] WSO BS AIILICL ‘ED potato XIBS ScanningSiC} Mel AA 0/82 YAz} omTFS LASLIC. (Experiments have previously been carried out ‘INH HOI Ziel BO] OF! FRI (previously) AALOI with carots andl one variety of onion.) 6+I2t 0] A255 ISIE MAOIOR Selo] BI + stSUICh ge aol SCE AIS BUHM EHH BF MECH BAF HSI 124A UIGleY OR SILO] SL BIOS BY Hh 4 ‘reslo{ IC, OID eH 7 Boles 218 OFF zr Figo okt 971 REIT SIC, OPES SD aL sofas ASN, A APNOLA eI 712k BEY aie ceo Sol Bw 7BeKd eOHA BPA S71 MHBOIY, BH 7K WHOL 80171 OTE 36 ¥ololgt# READING StartWarm-up test @ Fs Aes az BH Es BONY zo} AHO. Royal Baby born on St George's Day Kate Middleton, also known as the Duchess of Cambridge ever since her royal wedding with Prince William in 2011, gave birth to her third child, a boy, on 23 April 2018. Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge departed St Mary's Hospital in London, where she gave birth to her new son the same day. According to the official statement, the birth went well and both the mother and child are in good health. Prince Louis, George and Charlotte's little brother, is now fifth in line to the throne. The exciting day began around 6 a.m. when Kate was transported to hospital. Eager to be part of the momentous occasion, supporters of the royal family waited patiently outside of the hospital and Buckingham Palace. Then, at 11 am, the little prince entered the world, Photographers crowded the hospital grounds, climbing on step ladders to get the perfect shot of the happy family, Cheers and congratulations welcomed the parents and newborn as they posed for the press outside of the hospital before driving off to Kensington Palace. The Queen and other senior members of the Royal Family have been informed; the grandmother is said to be delighted by the good news. Prince Louis also has an illustrious birthday, one that is surely fitting for the newest royal: 23 April is ‘St George's Day, named for the patron saint of England. And if that wasn’t enough, 23 April is also the birthday of William Shakespeare, the Bard of Avon and England's national poet. 1. What relation is Queen Elizabeth to the new baby? 2 Who does the baby share a birthday with? Unit2 18 HS mI SRE Be 371-37@ Answers 2 Royal Baby born on St George's Day” Ie O}7| MOLE Aj IOH EHO fe ad 2G & 4 Be, (Gkimming) Kate Middleton, also known asthe Duchess of Cambridge ever since her royal wedding with Prince William in 2011, gave birth toher third child, a boy, on 23 April 2018. HOLE OSHS, Fer AMER] SA POIOR eels! 2011 Beles BA ASR “A vim ofO|S Bors Sect 2018 44 232104 Prince Willam and the Duchess of Cambridge | departed St Mary's Hospital in London, where she gave birth to her new son the same day. ‘wales Srxiof MIDLET SAPOHS HGION Site MILLE Oe] WS SUBeD| WL gol I Rory TUE Sssel Some aelstct ‘According to the official statement, the birth went well and both the mother and child are in good health. BAAWAMESE, SUS SEEAOROD 2S} ofo| Hc} AYO] IBer geHetT ect Prince Louis, George and Charlotte’ little brother, isnow fifth in line to the throne. FO] Sis, AX] AHS} MR BHI ISel, etn Chat em Bel ASAE sistch ‘The exciting day began around 6 am. when Kate was transported to hospital SES TRE OH OAS AMISIACE AIIE7H WOR o1se! whe! Eager to be part of the momentous occasion, supporters of the royal family waited patiently outside of, the hospital and Buckingham Palace. 0/2 ARIS 2I0§ SODA HE wIBOR Sw IAPS / OMS 7A ICICLE HI Se zou ‘Then, at 11am, thellittle prince entered the world, aI OF 1 TAYOH Stl SIRI7E AlafOH OFS Photagraphers crowded the hospital grounds, climbing on step ladders to get the perfect shot of the happy family. ANE! JICHES WEL RIOH CLAICICHE OMFSICH let SB! ACHalOl Beta 0] Set 7}Hol ALIS Veter HS an Cheers and congratulations welcomed the parentsand newborn _ as they posed for the press outside of the hospital before driving off to Kensington Palace. ahS9} RAV} “LOS! 2! COIL! O71 SICH KOI OH CIO ALT MH AMOI AKPELD WIE SOS 7h 71 20H 38 WojoIgis READING Start| The Queen and other senior members of the Royal Family _ have been informed; _ the grandmother is said tobe delighted by the good news. 1S UIRG B7Ol CHE IRS (AAS MH SICH / BOIL 7ImMRACHT vICE (I ete ALOK Prince Louis also has an ilustrious birthday, "one that is surely ting forthe newest royal: 223 April is St George's Day, named for the patron saint of England, And if that wasnt enough, . 23 Aprils also the birthday of William Shakespeare, the Bard of Avon and England's national poet. HO| Bite ABC BUS AH SIEM), (ile MES ee ROI BSI AE OIC: 4B Ze MIE X/ RYO HOI} PRI AS Yolo] OBS cha Moke! / eID O10] BWA geet, 4 IE gee MLATIOL 21 SHYMOI7IE OIC, oforeiel BRALLIOIN BR chee AreIe! What relation is Queen Elizabeth to the new baby? ‘Bel WA Ofgta AH EHO OF Ofed BHOI7E? EB 5 01 81122 Scanning HS ABM BAI MOB LA TIES RO eOISS Horsch, EBD FA FAKE relation, QueendlZ, 0] SOHO = ZS ASO Roses Sey ES] FX] VALLIC. of 82} AIRS ME Hole! 10/2] CHot AALS HVT BOIL |the grandmother}7t 7}HBICE BILICh. grandmother ‘ol ther AOS YOU PAE! Queens AHS AB B + SLICES, O4O1 Ofo|e| BOIL 24S wt + si@uic, EER grandmother ESD EH NAROI Exe] GB ABOIY DZAID g7] uHBOI grandsone BEOl + BSLCh. IM IELTS Reading SHOE SE YS XH Col AAIE! Gojo|sy Belo} 22 Yl Of! AZO Be BuO! Ba 8-7 GBS 707 SUC, ‘Who loos the baby share a birthday with? Dope BQO BS ABS FeV? EB £2} $3 B01 a1} Scanning NAS ASO BM ALOIS LT ISS ROO} eeloise LORILICh. ‘B81 SYAolt who, share a birthday withO|2! O04 HOH: OHSS AZOLM NOILICY. ovrIg] Aa(birthday)o| eae? ASAIRIE ZAI ABO} EOfL Bes OFO}) OLA OFO1S) A§BIO] MLE 25) ABO 2B Bt > VEU. @ AIQLE BX] G0] QI4O|.2D, ole ole! CHE A}BK who, shared a birthday with} -FeIH Dit EIIOMY AIRIE 2X] SE 4B 239012, 0] We MOIAmIO}O) Weo|Ah= 2g B + YSLICL [EE William shakespeare BI 4 23412 St George? EHOIL! S01 OFL(2t “RB 714817] SICH APNE! AB SMIRILICH. Weft St Georges SE ola ateLieh, Unit 2 1 Hi mr Sms BE 71 39eet pa mor © BH ABS USS Wo}eteses 2 Seo] AMIE mjotete 240] BeNtL ct. & shi] SES OFS SYSS FL OO|CIo}g} es ofO|C jor! AREILICL 0] SS ARBIO 2h eI] UT Soe ON USS MIE Gg sevetLI. & S21 $2 o}0|cIo}o| iSO AAS OIA AZtOHe SEO] UES PHB O1HSH] ABLIC, & SYOl oy USS wioloHs 7 YgO] AH) SEIO|AY Of! HBS OSA] NMHCHe! Bo] SAID} ZH eAlOH Con LAH OBE SLICK. 2S PSS FE ASSIS HBAS! St PAP USUCH O| AYACl PAB AD Noo MES SS FoI} APE, Sl 7 BROIL HS SS 2 AAS Soll SS AS + 17] MHEO S MBO! AIA DSHSLICH. HPO] ZF OHIO] Sets AAR(Topic Sentence) OZ AMALICH BES APOE Bt SYOSA Seto] AAG! FAB ASHE AUS SILICL MEO SUS ANOS AS HO] USE SU SVS Se PAI Lp SISO} LLY CHE BO BASIZIS OILICH, ‘YLL(General statement!o| 41 SFOS Q7/E eel, WHS nfo 4h MIP! WA BSS MBOHS HOw, SNS] AS OIE UC SU SOS FAMOH Che SANS AGO IL! O}SHAI>12] 2th 47H BOS FS AYLI USS! BRE BE 2) US S7HOH Cet CHSRILICH, (© BB (Explanation): BAHL! PAI AO} 4 @ OA\(Example): Al Atal SS Be OF BALI AAS @ Se(However): HEI Mix EAS! BRIS HAOIOH MSHALE MSS OFOICIO} AA @ #&(Addition): FH USS SHO oe, Axel VS Meto| SS ses se (© BM & OF24(Problem & Solution): xI2t 22181 SMI X17] SS O10) ets! SAkol ovzAAH Obyp} S82 IS Melk HS, chs FHI BAO] US Bee FB AABUICL, © 2eH(Summary): AMES MSS CHA Set BASAL BA UBS Bel (EME FR!) @ WA(Extension): BZ LISI HBS VASIO CHS CY BA C1 (CHS CAAA LS MAY OB) 40 wojorgs READING Start@ te neo] ee 28 moeaHe, Around 1040, the Chinese artisan and inventor Bi Sheng invented the earliest known moveable type printing system, which used baked clay characters cut as thin as the edge of a coin. The first metal moveable type printing system wasn't developed until two hundred years later during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. This invention resulted in the printing of the earliest moveable metal type printed book, Jikji, an anthology of teachings by Buddhist priests. However, due to the considerable amount of labor required to produce the full Chinese character set, neither of these moveable type systems was widely used, and block printing remained the most widely used printing method. Ht LS USS AA Wofojoy Ss FBO] AN| SCHoWA| PAAOS OM BS al Stier] SOHSLICH. ‘Around 1040, the Chinese artisan and inventor Bi Sheng invented the earliest known moveable type printing system, “whichused baked clay characters cut as thin as the edge of a coin. SH 1O40OM, SALI BIO‘ WAPe wlo| Yo1 WeSC AA gave! 7S AF ALAM, Tate AbgarRECt BH ate Suol 7a ee 7H wee SNES 718 Bx eH Ala at REBUM): EMH The first metal moveable type printing system wasn't developed until two hundred years later during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. AIAOI71S BAMA CIM ARS 7HRISIR! BOICT 200 SHAT Tay AIH Bet BRON EB 22 715 aaa oalaw ‘eid ON: AO ara This invention resulted in the printing of the earliest moveable metal type printed book, Jikj, an anthology of teachings by Buddhist priests. “1 WOHE SAI CAH NAGS! Wee OPIRICE A1¢S| 7H Be INES OIME! MO IATSL LHR, ALON OfB! ea gue (REID 718 Beare size cunet suet RE ying SHH O44): BB UHBON CHEE BORDON FAL xLAL However, due to the considerable amount of labor. required to produce the full Chinese character set, neither of these moveable type systems was widely used, and block printing remained the most widely used printing method. SHIR BE BO SSA MBO QE gIBIS CISTI HH WLM, 01 TSA St ALAMO) 3 OF IE we ARBE g SUH, BE eHRO! ERICH 7A EL AIBEL eI woe (RDS S487} s.uect ga euteo| cl wel ose (BRE oppor wasicsesl: Mee OfOICION SEE ea Unit 3 Bet 2 MONON 1OfOIMA AIO] SY F Site WAO|A| YS MSS WS SS VE SOi7t SI SP, SHES! lots S71 HAH Olol CHD PSS SHRICHE ZURILICH. ONY AHF APSEH= 1 PBOl NEC 0] OFA BO| HE SOI St ACH, AAHE ZOt & SOO} CH! BOIL} Ho ABOja-n AzpoHD SHOES SLICh. + becalled -2 {2c} eis called the iPhone x. Phone Xo ae ee21 + known as ~2 2242! Astronomers have detected traces of an organic compound known as methylchloride. teethy chlordels Sirsiei BOLE TIS, + that -2 We are trying to help firms in a way that is not traditional. Sigelonay2 SSSR AOIN EDR A + so-called 49) BOK ‘The so-called ove hormone! oxytocin, may make you more fearful of new socal situations. ‘opjocings wee! ole ata) ‘Oxytocin FE HF AP + this means ol ~ 2I0I9iCt People who have matching blood groups are said to be ‘compatible: This means they could give or receive eachothers blood necessary. Sigrid GoleNelConpetble SOIR 2 a — + OS] BEMOS CHE ADHERE OI eA}a weIeC ‘PECTS wm oles Wels 971 NEIRS| BAG Lo} Fale Site BBAOIX| Ye woe Seo) Sein x1 Bot AM Boke: M2 SAE SEND] Yes MES ADIL! YS CIR FLIP w+ BCL YO] SAIS ABS “OBE BETOIAIY Of HS A| La WORE FUT > CS 2 SIO, 42 sol01gs# READING StartWarm-up test @ 119.29) Sem ects a EHF SIAO1 SLICE. 2t S01 FO ofo|cjojera| Het ofo|clofelx| mat 2%, 01 BISS tt Stel 7A SHS US, In contemporary society, the family unit serves as the basis of social organization. Family structure can be widely defined, but it is generally formed via relations through birth or marriage. The family unit's key function is providing the framework for the production and introduction of new members into the given society. Thus, the family institution is responsible for the socialization of children, preparing them for membership within the community and ensuring the permanence of a larger social identity. (D In early agricultural and hunting communities, the social structure tended to be based on a tribal rather than a family pattern, 2) Although the family is the most common social grouping, ‘organization. not the only type of social (2 One of the advantages of the tribal structure is that children can be cared for by a wide group of adults, thus increasing the community's prospects of survival and continuation. @ This is still the cas traditional lifestyles. social groups like Amazonia and African tribes that maintain their ‘One example of tribal organization is the Yanomami people, located in the Amazon. They organize their communities through shared responsibilities rather than family relations. Such a structure is beneficial for the Yanomami’s mainly horticultural society. This means the members work together to grow and harvest crops for the whole community. The tribal organization also emphasizes generational grouping over familial, so. a member's role in the society changes as he or she grows older. Units B72 HEF 43@ Answers Incontemperary society, the family unit serves _ asthe basis of social organization. ‘RH AFSIONM, 71 CIPI CIS CE Atel BAl0) aztoe Family structure can be widely defined, but tis generally formed via relations _ through birth or marriage. WSFHE BO VIS Ct SIC! OSPPAE) OS VSS BB SH BY RS AER Se ‘The family unit's key function . is providing the framework _ for the production and introduction of new members into the given society. 7H LA BH 75S APE ASOTS AOI} ANAS PASEO] BI ATH ate oes AL ‘Thus, the family institution is responsible for the socialization of children, _ preparing them for membership ‘within the community and ensuring the permanence of a larger social identty. AIDE, 7/5 MSE ALO] SICt Ofolo} APSISION CHst SR (OHOISR) AbSI HHS] FBO] SIS SyA\7/D AaID BSNS GBI She BH BRIO 2 Although the familys the most common socal grouping, itis not the only type of social organization. ‘iS THES TH BIO! ApOIAY tHOAIGH, 01240] Ab] —FAAOY ISH LICE EEEIEED 7/5210] US! AIS] BIO] Otel > Ab AHR 2 BEER 72 Of0ICIOF: SHE 1) Inearly agricultural and hunting communities, . the social structure tended to be based on a tribal rather than a femily pattern, A712] SAA FE AIO, ANE FAS YS Tivol BOIRICH 7HRSECHS (RRS 271 491-29 HPI AfeR 7B OI OL Pa BY FE 5421 OFOICIO: OFA! 3) One of the advantages of the tribal structure is that children can be cared for bya wide group of adults, thus increasing _ the community's prospects of survival and continuation AFRIAUPASOME OSS ATS WS + S90} cig Sele IBoH Oleh, “I Bat SreHCHE Olt SSMe| AT XFS] AO! EEUD F572} Of STIMETION CHD eI —- 7S} 9 SUO| O1F (SHH ME Bi X14 Phe BHO 28 ETT $e ojolclok es {This is stil the case in social groups like Amazonia and African tribes that maintain their vaditional Ifestyles Ol FAS SAE) OFM] TAIVICH ODLRL ofS} oRA}AE HABE VE AVS! IOI HS] NBA WAS XID BE EUINE eHonS Assia Ve 4s FHS} O12 OIOH-ALIONS} OFmEpPT Hm AIA] ESET $01 OfOICIoF: Ona) + CHS SIRT UH SIAL 4G “olo1gt# READING Start(One example of tribal organization / isthe Yanomami people, located in the Amazon. SHAN AAO] VE OHAKE / OFDIN| AIC / OfOHBOH SIA! ‘They organize their communities through shared responsibilities ratherthan family relations. OBLOMOIO| FE) PALI SSMS / SRE Aes SoH 7A BACHE Such a structure is beneficial for the Yanomami's mainly horticultural society, _ which means the members, ‘work together to grow and harvest crops for the whole community. Olaigt PAE ROMICH OF -O}OIo) HEI HoH ALSIOH O12 (ROL ALI) PIBO YA IOS AS LK AVS 71 27 shore 26S / Al BHA FH ‘The tribal organization also emphasizes / generational grouping over familial,“ so a members role in the society ‘changes ashe or she grows older. OLRM PEE EO YACHT BOB he WC! ACHE UES US AS / TAHA ANBIONM PALS] of OL /BHACE / FBO] Lotion met (Gad # SLO] USS AICO] ALT FRE 71H SAIS 7IMOR etch YOI-T, atvimy Beto] YRS sea ELAI7} 71H et ‘SISSCt SASHES OO}O] SAO CHEE AIBIEILICE. AIO Fymy SIS 7 CIPI7t SICH APS! TH ELPIAHE ZB ‘iS AOS AO, PAA SPH= 7HMO] 7H, HAASION CHS 2195 I2]D oH chet OLALS O]O}x|t= 201 AIRIARE uct EE @ FE © SAE OM) ~ © HARA) - @ FABOW| + cH et UB BAN) Unit 3 2222 mlei71 4BOfO|C]O} AZ ES Uy OMICIO= US B74 SOM Chet OIZISI, 2}249] OfO|CO}S ABS VS WPIoe S 7)7¢ seuct. &Y Aen GIS GSO] Sat VS UAB APBOK= GHVLICH Atta] MH BAILt Ola BAS LEH Eto, DN 2S SALE WAAP|= Clo}, O12} BAB ApSoioj Size Horse tol S chest SS 7} ‘Bl ABO} AIS US| OfO|CjoS Zoe] HAASE] MAILICH. & Heim BIS IF SLO LPS! HOM AOL] HoH AAT AASOKE VVLICL. SF SIL] USS AIA Hl AESLE WAY + le GOR, USS] SASS HAN + AO SRS YRS MS + ASLICH. ABO} AHOSS Ofe| alofeiches xpMiet HSS 9171 HOIRHE RIO! SEF Zo] BAS mOISHE 201 7hsBI0%, Lot 71H WIS] 3BS Moses S80] SLICE ~$2H0H during, in the meantime, meanwhile, while ret as PPTL gto, as early as arse RHE fist i CHROE next, subsequently, afterwards, later, after, then, following which, ater that 23 1 BAZ consequently, therefore, thereby, thus, as a result, so, hence sat ‘O7EAIE likewise, in the same way, equally HE ‘W2I0H_ whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, nevertheless, in spite of, however, yet, while UME —_~2EBL if, when, although, even so, even though OHA O18 01 for example, for instance, toillustrate wt ACHE moreover, furthermore, in addition, not only ~ but also 46 “ororRs READING StartHIAlO1 ‘HOH LES BAHL SAS Ola MOM tH, CHES] PERSP ISIC IB ASHE AAO SLICt. Woe Bayer ‘SOHS FOWME Of X/ALOI7E ALSOH= 240] OCIA] NOLOF SILICH. FE ANBOHS ALAIOHES ALAICHBALE BHAICH BAS, Ake Sato] JOH Meet CHE ALAS ARBALICH. 1, IAICHSAt SPGANE ANSE MHOWt: CHES! CHRLALS! this, that, itS APSO S+OUHS A/et i= $4949! these, those, they ANSEILICL 2 ESOILt FB] 7 MSS APR Ui CE BANS ANBRILICE. this 0124 that 24 aay these 0124S (thiso| 44:83) those 31215 (that2| 88) they 1248 (itol S-8) + Although the family is the most common social grouping, it is not the only type of social organization. 1B 7S 7H IAI A} IOLA, O1zte Apel 720) Rete BME OHLICE fay 2, BPAICHSAE Ol) LES ARIUS AIMEE MS who, AHBBIAHE X/M8t Miii= which APBRILICK QF Sz AME A} aH which AB eUct, + Twain saw the Australian gold rushes which had begun in 1851. Selle 1851M0) ASEH SF BE AB wich = gold shes (8 EXERCISE Cg 28S U2 WH @ A1Al017t Bots AS ROHAN. Often when a food has spoiled, it will smell bad. This leads many to believe that no stench means a food is safeto eat. aa = A ol Lie GAM a food *}I04, hike 97 AM UES AIAOED SLI. (Often when a food has spoiled, it wil smell bad. This leads many to believe that no stench means a food is safe to eat ‘AOL 8h! (OPA) AP! Le 25971 It. OLAS Be AYO OR SHAKE GORI BAO] AIIM IEIOKCE A eC Unit 4 ofoicio} 240] aH mISHeH7] 47@ Hew Ba F2 OICIOVS AAS AOILt Fo SAloe OfoCho4 zt BeAAZE Of ARIAT MISTOH ALS, Historical records show that the Olympic Games were first staged as early as 776 BC on the plains of Olympia" in ancient Greece. Afterwards, the games took place every four years for over, a thousand years, until 393 AD, when they were prohibited by the Roman emperor Theodosius. Fifteen hundred years later, in 1896, the first modern summer Olympics were held in Athens and have continued ever since, having been cancelled on only three occasions during the First and Second World War. snelAsl was MAA HE A BOR HEHE 20h 3: 91 geimIo 2717 HHS cr ABO AAS ASSAY 2} SS USS ZYOM PSOE ASE! AAO A/AlOp= Cheat SLC. Historical records show that the Olympic Games were first staged as early as 776 BC_onthe plains of Olympia in ancient Greece. AM TIS SOKECE BEIM AGIO| O}0| IRA 7760 AROS AISICHE AB Def T2|AS| SeInIo} Belo Afterwards, the games took piace every four years for over a thousand years, until 393 AD, when they were prohibited by the Roman emperor Theodosius. 2%, A BYY AS vwAISIICH IOC HO] ete AIze Ree aes OICH, 447] ZOSLIMIRL, IL ARIGO! XIE oH Bor BHI BIE AISADI Ole Fifteen hundred years later, in 1896, the first modem summer Olympics were held in Athens and have continued ever since, having been cancelled on only three occasions “during the First and Second World Wer. TSO HO! 189G HOH, AAO] HCH G74 VIB AYO] OMIA BRO] OF XHSIT ee], 24} 3 to] BPowe MHAISIA RCH AAAE MPACHABE MIZE MACH BLE 48 “oj0lgt# READING StartEXERCISE X12014 WB 21 XIAO} Lehi FH HES MEAD, New Zealand is becoming an increasingly popular destination for overseas visitors. It attracts tourists and people on business, but the vast majority come as students. Mostly from Asian countries, they stay for anything from a few weeks to a few years or more, studying at language schools, colleges and universities. New Zealand can offer good homestay accommodation, a clean and beautiful environment and a reasonable cost of tuition. These factors attract an ever-increasing number of overseas students, accounting for millions of dollars in revenue for New Zealand. te I-ASUANE XIAIOH, theyie SACIAHE ZISISHe ALAICHRAS AMBSISLICE. “2/7 these factorsowat factors(Q24)= MAPS SSO HOE USS SHOl St COS RH + Qe CHOl= AtSst AILICT. ALSOEDAL SHE LSO| F 7H OLNO|DE +80 factorsH ASSAM, —I Yo} ASt XLAlO(= #480! these TEARBSIMELICE. BT this, that, these, thoset BAt HSS SHIH BBA SHE St + Qe AAOIALICH. New Zealand is becoming “an increasingly popular destination / for overseas visitors. //Itattracts ESA New Zealand Xe tourists and people on business, /but the vast majority come as students. SURES SE OIC / A 9171 Ste OFA Hol BarABOIAA //O1NS BSA PISS BoWwoMe, /HERE qgoe OF Hoc Mostly from Asian countries, / they stay / for anything from a few weeks to a few years or more, GABA students (most rom Asian counties) 31 studying at language schools, colleges and universities. CHPRES| OfAOF ATIOLM @, / UHLOWZCH / OG 21 FHeH 9 FOL MRE = OL 712+ Bo, oft, AE eat 2] TLERRIONA BePOHIAY New Zealand can offer ‘good homestay accommodation, a clean and beautiful environment and a reasonable cost of tuition. // These factors attract / an ever-increasing number of overseas students, {00d homestay aecommedation, a lean and beaut envionment, reasonable cost of ution Biocon 82 accounting for millions of dollars in revenue for New Zealand. FUUSE MSY 4 OIC / SS AHO] 4M}, WRIT OCS We, Tain gelsel BRS / OleIe QTE Boge Ch / BAC RS I PSS / FEMS Meo] SHCISAIE AaTOHRLA, Unit 4 ojoiciot zo a misteH71 49Warm-up test @ Age 9208 ene Zoe. It turns out building new roads doesn't help to reduce traffic; in fact, it may lead to longer travel times for everyone because more drivers will flow to the new route. Surprisingly, the reverse of this idea may be true: removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions. This paradox exists because each driver selects a route that is best for him or her without taking into account the consequence of his or her choice on other drivers. And it makes sense, as car drivers are only concerned about how ‘many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them. This is another example of a classic problem in game theory. 1 What does this paradox’ refer to in this text? 2 What does'this' indicate in this text? 50 *ojorg42s READING Start@ Answers It turns out / building new roads doesn't help to reduce traffic; in fact, it may lead to longer travel times for everyone | because more drivers will low to the new route. ONE HOCH MES SEE UH HS DEAS BOM] SHO SIA] IECHE AO: / AH, 01242(building new roads) BE O18 0] 01S 11KB CH aI PE ICH / HAH! CI Se VaITH sO] AMS zloH Bela 200171 cH ole, Surprisingly, the reverse ofthis idea may be true: “removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions. SBP, 0] 4821(bullding new roads to reduce traffic)S| HS AIA + ICE: / SSH BO! UNS DS VBS TRAALRL SS SUCH 2AOIC. ‘This paradox exists because each driver selects a route that is best for him or her / without taking into account the consequence of his orher choice on other drivers. 24 2144(removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions) BAHPICE / HLYSHRA 2t SAAR AAO APS 9] 2g NOISHT| MHBOICE / HALL KHOI CH SAXON O|Ale= BATH DeAOH| ED ‘And it makes sense, "as car drivers are only concemed about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them. This another example of a classic problem in game theory. e|D 01%42(paradox) BO] SIC} / LISI AGA SUNSS OA Dee BOI} / IH gIoH Aoi BS AGO! ek EXION OHH / 5 Slo glt= ARES AZtOHA QLD HHS 0} Bol(car drivers are only concerned about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them) AAG] O18 LiS= 12I4el SAFO] CHE OLO|Ch, 1 What does ‘this paradox’ refer to this text? 01 X}B0IA4 ‘this paradox71 72PIS WBE #9101717 EXD this paradox0H] thist= Gol LS USS AVS Od ANGE! IAIOIVILICY. le}? a LISS ade O} 4249} atu the reverse ofthis idea)Ol@H= 440] L127 0120] uke paradow( Shara) BIE! AIRAICY Che this paradoxt= 01M L420] 42491 Oras bh OIZT, “O| Sa"O| Wolke 1S SV BO! MS DS A BHMAIE FE RICKS AIICH. [EEE removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions 2 What does'this’indicate in thistext? 0} KIBO ‘this 7t 727 He UBS PRON? (Ga BE] FOIE MOI thist= Gol LES PEBAL SSB AA USS ISH Poll ABEL ALIGHIAFBILICE. 0} this DERIBHS HOI AQ) O1BOI- Fk DEIAIC! SHO] SE CHE OI HOO! soit HBS LM SaOlat armas, ct SUAPE OM! 9 SE WN MRNA SATHSS IS Glod VOW HS ABO] e-xIoH HoH Sa] ete wt 7 Fl QU ARS PION] CHolee AS + VELL. [GIBB car drivers are only concerned about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them, Unit 4 ofoicio} ze} an ere] 51~ #01012 READING Start - ee pale geoo: EMMolreareltecd Case Eo iarer ois lzt AH27| Completion Ebel aii (ks elec 20H Q1X| O15 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN rae iio] WVEca tea tage Etek-P contre geese ‘. baey) espe eta eked Voted none pelebet 1. WeeES ee tg MALI matvie-orice WB BNE St 7 | Machetes BB EIESGY Su-anoer ME BEL IR TED] Hactra teats IH 12! HHS27|conoton WE 37} BNE! EY TED] wag tomaton WE WLOtl Ole memasenoroven — MB SIT] casenen (Zit 1 Ot vesmONcT even + TPS BO SASS FS 12! E97 |(Completion) 9 29S 4] OF (T/F/NG) BA + t1ztAHe71(Completion) EGE BE 218 0/71(Sertence Completion)7} 7k 0] BAILICE. EES ete 971 Baie XANES BMS Bt 20] SQRILICH, 7LIAIOLA| Bejor ofA AOL BAOHEN, BBO] ALM! Hoje] += OFSN| NeIOED BAN Ho}OF ALICE + Be BAI ON (T/F/NG) FIBO1 ANGE! MEAIL HA) IO] Cl BOS UL PON AE AE BIEL 72 A BIO USS ANOLE UNO] BPOHIL(T), VOIOE ASA BUS BP ILHF), Bet Bel 2M MOLAR ALICIA] OIA] RICH +} BE BRINGS LIS= BPI} MSLICE. FOUAct 7h FO}eHOF BSE ws ANS MOR BS Aso otSICHe ARILICL 532M SEH Question 17 Choose the correct letter, A, B,C orD. Write the correct letter in box 11 on your answer sheet. 11. Autonomous sensory meridian response ‘A hasbeen studied in depth by scientists. B hasbeen linked to several diseases. C soften discussed on the Internet. D is typically experienced by children. Questions 12 and 13 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letter in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet. Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? A ocean-atmosphere variability B orbital variations solar radiation D human activity, E volcanism 54 "ojOlgt READING Startiz HE & CHS SHS APS WEY SAS, 7] SOY WS BIS Aaose FBLC. & FO SYS HHO SH Wel AS DEAL FOjA| WS HS DEE | 7/4] SEH F SSLICL & FF NZ SS WSS SE SMV} SUSAR, 2S AS] SMO} SS DEE Sx} SAIS|7|S ef uct. & GH UES SS SM SBOz opt] Seo] YS 7/9] QE AJSoHy SAIS|O}, HUB Saloly Os OIE Section 3014 = SHISILICH, ZA|BO| Het 2A SUA Bee] 22 shel STEP ‘BejOr She GO| Sel BH F He! BHI AO, F Hel BS GIO IS Ake SAE OL SHOE PHA uct BAB 2a Hu BA] BVISCHE SMI HHO SQH WOE LS + USLICL HOI AS, AS, OB VE AS Bate Sot sy Of SBS SUCH. BEE) HH Sets Lore 1, SM} VASE 7] DEI) AAO SSS SHO] SAO] SYA AHS! SIS 7S SOl SSUCH AAD SHS DS UH, XBoy AO! Zap WE COIL OfF7t ACHE 27 [0] SeOrel FL|OHOF IIL. VEL MINS FE AST SUSe ofgw wesors| YTD PAOILE Sl1S SBO| MELICh. “MCHS BMOLA SEARSIAI 7] mISHOHE we 2718 18 OH C16! S10] SHOR AISA BH zt 7] So] AbOlO| $eIeIa| AMMAN, © BB uso ‘jzera Ararernl eal tt AIBOMS $712 ‘1222 BOISIen WOU AHS! BMS LEM AYO] US + ISLC. Jol OHH Hole! HECICHEY, O120] Slzielx| AFMeIXIo Gist FHS wAI7] HALICL Tal oes w/w xia SeIst ‘HOI BOO] ABSI7] UES] FHYHS BOS OH] SISLCL wS OB AIS SSH 01 O}o1MA sal AMEIQILICH, l2fO= Oeigt 7} SlzHOIn| APONA| Bt] PRED Slo] HAS OHI SMI BAoK= 20] Bese uct. @ NimBI AS Belo] LYSciet C4 Beropy sHfSH= AO] we! X}SOWe Wists HOO] V7 BOS SAH ASI} NALIC, VlaBal AVIBOl ApSsIerctD CHE 210} OfL (eh, SSH OI FE QOL UTE HAO ROIHOF RELIC. OL BO}, stronger than ever(=1 01% MHSACE CH ZH) 2 the strongest(7# 2BN= Set O}/gILICF, Unit S eC} GA Multple-choice 65Bet CHI Global Warming and Climate Change Global warming is also referred to as climate change. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time, from decades to millions of years. Factors that can affect climate are called ‘climate forcing mechanisms: These include processes such as variations in solar radiation, continental drift, variations in the Earth's orbit, and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. There are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either increase or decrease the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice «aps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcing mechanisms, while others respond more quickly. There are also key threshold factors which can. produce rapid change when exceeded. Questions 12and 13 Choose TWO letters, AE. Write the correct letter in boxes 12and 13 on your answer sheet. Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? A orbital variations B ocean-atmosphere variability C human activity D solar radiation E volcanism sees —— HEP uN 719 HOH AiR SLIOKE 7IR DIES YUOIRC) 71 Wate ILE} Gimp! 9} 71! Bee WIRE AR OS ARIS! B7ERION WH eABIOIY. 71 $04 IS OLA $ Ste QOL 71F SI OIE OeED MEIC, of7/ONE HRIIRAL LE, CHRO, AP HES] I, BAIIABES! vies 2 320) BEI, NOI eI SPALL LAAPlt CHE! 1 eI ENO] SCF Fe, ita TER ANGEL BP EE 7K EH OPHLIBON Ct L2DAH wIgele WOH, CIE AABIE Cf el BIBI, Sep ATH] mh wie HPAI + Slee 2 PN BBO] UC 56 Wojoigt READING StartHe CHA|7] Sxl BO! ER 2x1 Feat seo! 221 ze PAZ UT BAO} BA) GEE) 21 Sete Hor WH F/, BHO} aialohe 27) DE7| Global Warming and Climate Change Global warming is also referred to as climate change. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time, from decades to millions of years, Factors that can affect climate are called’climate forcing mechanisms. These include processes such as variations in ° solar radiation, continental drift, variations in the Earth’s orbit, and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. There are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either increase or decrease the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcing mechanisms, while others respond more quickly. There are also key threshold factors which can produce rapid change when exceeded. Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? Bato He 2 EN QEOPT EOL actors alter cnc oe Be 71S ASO CHEE Of! 5 JPA 7h Bt OTE BOW! SHENAE A orbital variations HS + B oceen-atmosphere variability #71924 C human activity 22s D solar radiation Fie SAt E volcanism Shas AAP AHO SVS OlA|S QA S SAHA SSK= 71% LSHOH CHEE O|FLILICH. such as(OHS Soi, ~2} 2 2) FO LIL ASO] I LAB (factors)o|D, 0] SoHA 47/04] H|AlE! 242 solar radiation} variation in the Earth’s orbitQiUct. (2-4 BEtS DS} AILICH. Factors that can affect climate / are called’climate forcing mechanisms: / These include 7 e6h SR IAT 22 = reasons for climate change processes / such as variations in solar radiation, continental drift, variations in the Earth's orbit, ER A=» Ue BA HP AES| 80h > ACHE) and changes i greenhouse gas concentrations. Unit 5 sc 2x1 Mutiple-choice 57Practice Test READING PASSAGE 14 Sensation on your skin Have you ever felt a tingling sensation on your skin accompanied by a state of relaxation or mild euphoria? If so, you may have experienced autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR). Individuals who experience ASMR often describe the sensation as a combination of positive feelings triggered by specific sights and sounds. Although ASMR is a relatively new phenomenon and has not yet undergone extensive clinical studies, there are countless reports from those who have experienced it, and hundreds of online forums have been set up where people can share their personal ASMR experiences with one another. Several stimuli have been mentioned in relation to ASMR, with the most popular ones being watching someone perform a repetitive, mundane task, listening to someone whispering, and receiving direct, personal attention from another person, such as when receiving a haircut. Furthermore, specific sounds such as finger tapping, paper crinkling, and the frying of food have been demonstrated to elicit an ASMR response in those who experience it. Several experts have claimed that videos containing ASMR triggers may have a positive effect on those suffering from insomnia or other similar disorders that prevent them from getting a good night's rest. They believe that the ASMR: videos may help to relax the brain in a similar way to hypnosis and meditation. 5B “olog4 READING StartQuestions 1~3 Choose the correct letter, A, B,C or D. Write the correct letter in box 1~3 in your answer sheet. 1 Autonomous sensory meridian response A hasbeen studied in depth by scientists. B hasbeen linked to several diseases. C soften discussed on the Internet. D is typically experienced by children. 2 ASMR can be triggered by A apleasant fragrance, B aperson talking quietly. © abrightly colored object D aloud mechanical noise. 3 What type of people might benefit from watching ASMR videos? A Those who get frequent headaches B Those who are studying medicine € Those who meditate ona regular basis D Those who have trouble sleeping Unit 5 ‘CHB BAI Multple-choice 59READING PASSAGE 2 Developments in Rural Farming Over the course of the last fifty years, agricultural production has more than tripled due to innovations in farming technology. In particular, relatively small farms in rural areas have seen an unexpected and significant rise in production in the last decade. One of the most significant developments in rural farming is the increased usage of mobile apps and farm management software. One such mobile app enables farmers to accurately diagnose diseases in livestock and find the correct drugs in order to treat the animals quickly and effectively. Ina region such as East Africa, where there are over 100 million farmers spread across an area of thousands of square miles, mobile apps help them to remain in communication with animal health workers and receive almost instantaneous feedback on a wide variety of problems. Similarly, farm management software has led to increased crop and dairy yields, as it educates rural farmers on topics such as pest management, crop development methods, and proper animal care. Fertilizer deep placement (FDP) is another innovation that has allowed rural farmers to inerease crop yields by almost 20 per cent. This technique involves the placement ofa newly-developed fertilizer ten centimeters below the soil, avoiding the traditional problem of nitrogen run-off. The nitrogen in this specialised fertilizer is dispersed gradually, reducing the amount of fertilizer typically required by one third. 60 oH0Igt READING StartQuestions 4and 5 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letters in boxes 4 and 5 on your answer sheet. Which TWO developments have improved conditions on small rural farms? A Theavailability of information on animal illnesses B Theuse of nitrogen-free pesticides on crops € Thedevelopment of nutrient-rich animal feed D Theadvances in crop harvesting machinery E Theintroduction of a special slow-release fertilizer Unit 5 SCH BA Muttple-choice 61Ancwers 1c 28 30 485 AB Sensation on your skin m/| 224 ee Have you ever felt a tingling sensation on your skin accompanied by a state of relaxation or mild euphoria? SWEAR TFSI US AAS RA SS 7s 1 eho Belste= 1f so, youmay have experienced / autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMA). Qe} TBC, BAS AARNE SEACH xB 2Izt wT HB (ASMR)S Individuals | who experience ASMR often desc triggered by specific sights and sounds. ARIBS AMRE SS See IAs Qekct SPA! Vel AeOIeD “HY BBA rel0l ole SUSIE e thesensation as a combins of postive feelings / Although ASMR is relatively new phenomenon and has ' not yet undergone extensive clinical studies, there are countless reports fromthose who have experienced it, and huncreds of online forumshave been set up _ where people can share their personal ASME experiences with one another. WIR ASMRE UIT MBS CHASOLD OFF] BAPE et OS AAI RIAL FBS 7IROI SICH / ASMRE Bel SEARISEE! T2I SoS Sele! Bajo] BACt AIO HL ASMR BBB BRE + Se 2 Several stimuli have been mentioned. in elation to ASMR, with the most popular ones / being watching someone perform a repetitive, mundane task, / listening to someone whispering, / and receiving direct, personal attention from another person, such as when receiving a haircut, 98 71K XO OHBEICH / ASMRZ} BEBO THB QC AIORE + R710| VRIOID IIL AIS HOHE AS VE A SRV AMS SEY TIN che OR vE| NOI Hele! AS We A / OWS eR ail ve Furthermore, specific sounds such as finger tapping, paper crinkling, and the frying of food ” have been. demonstrated to elicit an ASMR response _in those who experience it AICHE SB ARS ATG FSele 42), SOM Fit 22, BAB HS Aa] Ve “ASMA vss OOHLICIT VSS ASMRE Bee AISA, Several experts have claimed that videos containing ASMR triggers “may have a positive effect on those_ suffering’ _ from insomnia or other similar disorders _ that prevent them from getting a good night's rest. 2H USES AYOCH ASMRE Quo S| QZ vO BAO ISS +E Ich To Ae SoI BEBO} ool Rat WORE! / FMS] aoe 41057] LIES ote ‘They believe that the ASMR videos may help to relax the brain in a similar way to hypnosis and meditation. ASS AVE /ASMR HILO FEPE A F US SRO] Y SS ICD /aIPIOILy Bata wIAeH EOS 62 YoIOIH# READING StartQuestions 1~3 Choose the correct letter, A, B, CorD. ABC R20 SAMS B7| 7/98 BENo. Write the correct letter in box 1~3 in your answer sheet. USS M71 71S IA 1-3 ¥lEIOL OAID, 1. Autonomous sensory meridianresponse xB acta se A has been studied “in depth by scientists.) APELD SUCH / MS QUO / BHRERHOH Ot0H [lll ASMR has not yet undergone extensive clinical studies. GERD EOWA BE FE OFF OFFAIAI BRITE SHBLICY, BS BY G37t OME! 210] OLLIE ayEIRHBO! Af 5 91 OPNCED # 4 ISUICL eH Ate SerRILICh (LEED studied by scientists ++ not yet undergone cl B has been linked to several diseases. (x) ARISION Suck / 38 7x] SDE (SED SOI Ba SIMI ae Isoften discussed /on the Internet. (0) BS EAE / eI YoY [EzID hundreds of online forums have been set up ED Es SoH EOIsICHE 212 Sate! MeO) Cle WNSA AsIOS Ce BBALICt, (EXEEIE 0 often — hundreds 2 on the internet ~ online forums @ discussed ~> has been set up D istypically experienced / by children. (X) geow BBC /O1BIOIOH ook [aI individuals who experience ASMR often describe those who have experienced it EB] ASME SS lolten) BUH BOI AS USPS O1BOIA| ofoeizI= WEIW + BOOS Oe SEAILICh (EENEIEN typically ~ often I studies 2. ASMR can betriggered / by AHS BAA MSS BU 4 BICt /~ OF SIH A apleasant fragrance. (X) seu B aperson talking quietly. (0) ASO WOKS ALT [EI Several stimuli have been mentioned in relation to ASM ~ listening to someone whispering BEB ASMRD} Bee! fe] THOS Lge! A So L7]oH QIK HO] wie Bt SHOl= AS Se AILICH. SMOl= NE 2 ASO Wore NOI Bt VEIL € a brightly colored object. (x) weszel aH D aloud mechanical noise. (X) Aimee 7 AS Unit § ‘ICH BMI Mutiple-choice 633 What type of people “might benefit from _ watching ASMR videos? CFG! BSL AIRIEO! (OIE B+ SIt7t /ASMR BICC Se ZH A Those who get frequent headaches (X) $83 #4 Y= AaS B Those who are studying medicine (X) SINS SHH AS Those who meditate on a regular basis (X) B7IMOS QS Of AS 1D Those who have trouble sleeping (0) +18 H0HSCl ORS 2 ANS EI) those suffering from insomnia or other similar disorders that prevent them from getting a good ight’s rest EEE ASMA VICISOt ESS BE MBSE 9 NICloo SUN BBS we NBR B+ MELEE Vale! Ae HOH ROHS BEST VE VO} Wel AISOW SIN SBS siete MBO BE Bvt BUC. Bot BS 40g HOISM OSS AE NOISE D7 BEL, [EET D benefit from havea positive effect have trouble sleeping ~ prevent them from getting a good night's rest Developments in Rural Farming x)! s%i2) 2 sRe aM mE ua BE aH Over the course of the lat fifty years, agricultural production has more than tripled / due to innovations in farming technology. Aik SOT, el BAIS MH O18 BPHCH / et 71BeI ALLO. to Inparticuler, relatively small farms in rural areas / have seen an unexpected and significant rise in production inthe lastdecade. SO] AielOl Stk WIN AFLO! SAOUA /OI7IA| Pt Bagh aket BI MOID QIcb / alt TOME ‘Ane ofthe most significant developments in rural ferming_is the increased usage _of mobile apps and farm management software, __ One such mobile app _ enables farmers to accurately diagnose diseases in livestock _ and find the correct drugs - in order to treat the animals quickly and effectively. Aig BUOM 7H FQCe WH B ste / SAMBO / SH Yat eB Bel ABE] / 2B Sura BS ‘SHO AHS] VSS SHO TH F Li) St Be HS VS + Wl VIC THB USSD SajHow zjzop 71 StH Ina regionsuch as East Aftica, where there are over 100 million farmers spread across an area of thousands ‘of square miles, “mobile apps help them to remain in communication with animal health workers “and receive almost instantaneous feedback on a wide variety of problems. SOpZ|PIS WE XI / 19} QO] i= HIE 444 Be O/IOL ote AIO BOY Ve / MH YE SSS S EC} WS SS V7 USS OMOER TaID 719] Sz MISMIS WR + Ew Clee Smtog oI Similarly, farm management software has led to increased crop and dairy yields, as it educates rural farmers ‘on topics such as pest management, crop development methods, and proper animal care. ALOHA Se Ml AMEPIOle S718! SABA SMB BBS OUCH / SOIC SB Be] ABEROPE Aes FES BSW MISO HoH Bel, eS Ae Tela Ye 71S Bel Sah Ve FAL CHO *it= farm management software 64. “ojolgi# READING Start«Fertilizer deep placement (FDP) is another innovation that has allowed rural farmers to increase crop yields by almost 20 per cer HIS YO] F7|(FOP)i= CHE QNOICY / Alef 55450] SN GHB SI + ota SH / 7191 OWT 1 2371 8 BS ‘innovation = 01S development BM A} 20) This technique involves the placement of a newly-developed fertilizer ten centimeters below the sol, avoiding the traditional problem of nitrogen run-off. 0} 71S BRIPICY / AHS NPE! MISO] MRIS “EE Of 10 MEIOIEH /ZIA7F GeusHe 71S] BM MILA, +242] of oH = BA problern); ZA WEE FON L'O LB(nittogen run-o The nitrogen in this specialised fertilizer is dispersed gradually, reducing the amount of fertilizer typically. required by one third, Ola SAE! Hlzo] BLAS MAO] RMEICY / QVIOR YOP Yleo| Os 30] 12 Go|eat “this specialised fertilizer = a newly-developed fertlizer Questions 4&5 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write thecorrect letters in boxes 4 and 5 on your answer sheet. AcE BUMS M7] 71S AB WEA. YS 7] 71H eA] avlay Selo} wiztoy OrIe Which TWO developments have improved conditions _on small rural farms? Off § 71K] BO] YES AIOHD BEI! / ATS Ae wee ‘A The availability of information on animal illnesses (0) 7HS| Ol BBE A! O1 THs [EI One of the most significant developments in rural farming is the increased usage of mobile apps and farm management software. One such mobile app enables farmers to accurately diagnose diseases in livestock and find the correct drugs in order to treat the animals quickly and effectively. EEE one of the most significant developments AIOIRIA, RHE St AMERIO} AFBO| BOIL, Ot AGOS 7159] TUS TOT NNR + MH SIeICHe TIE BO! ef BAe SLICE 7S ION BY a OR HEME. MOR BUOH Cet AM OS + SIN SIRICHS LHD HRIGIO® Ar AEIAILIC. EEE © animal livestock illnesses ~ diseases B The use of nitrogen-free pesticides on crops (X) SABO 27 Ge HEA € The development of nutrient-rich animal feed (X) S271 Bee BR ARAI Met D Theadvances in crop harvesting machinery (X) BA 424 7191 Ze E The introduction of a special slow-release fertilizer (0) LePISaSI: By Hlze] Sei (Gall Fertilizer deep placement(FOP) is another innovation ~ The nitrogen inthis specialised fertilizer is dispersed gradually, reducing the amount of fertilizer typically required by one third. EBB enother innovationoe A7Hsl FOP(S Sof HIRE = 2)0H CHE! XIE BO] BE 277k SLICH. another 2 HAVE AOI OW AYA DAC] S WiNaHES BV + UD, SS AM El FOP YS ABOHS AF Bi HWE! HIRES BA AO] ALMA} MSIE IO OSE Ee BEALE, EXE © slow — gradually @ release ~ dispersed Unit 5 {C18 AI Multble-choice 65=A SE Questions 1-4 ChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write youranswers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. 1 In which country did George Frederik Kunz believe a fondness for pearls originated? 2 When was mother-of-pearl used by Egyptians? 3. What type of item was sold in order to finance Roman military efforts? ‘4 What items did Romans decorate with pearls to show that they were wealthy? Questions 5-9 Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from th/e passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 5-9 0n your answer sheet, Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? 5 Who did Dr. Guttman help with his treatments? 6 What sport was played during the first Stoke Mandeville Games? 7 Which country’s athletes competed against British athletes at the International Stoke Mandeville Games? 8 When did the first Winter Paralympic Games take place? 9 In what region could television viewers watch coverage of the 1992 Paralympics? 66 WojoIst® READING Startiz met & Moe! So} +0] WA] BIS AE Wel FAA SMS, ALO GS SHS Ve 71SS Qdte SA KS ‘uct. & Ssg!4J SISAt(When, Where, Why, What, Who, How) Sé M&, £4}, BY, SO SS SSUICt & SA HAOI7t OL AIO QAI SHECHA Sil B+ Ske WAILICh & Ae 01 BSS Ve AOE AILOy LS CHO} Bey Ache EEAlo4| HOIOr VFLICt. ma ZIAIAROL Ste At 4 AIOIOF LIC. BA} 971 HI OIF SUCE Olt BAK(a, an, the) tote AFH BAIL © NOMORETHANTWOWORDS =A O}I21 LO} + FBO] EF 72 CHO MOF BEL 2S ONEWORD AND /OR A NUMBER si fo} eto} 12\2n/ se afl St + SO] gt Ste FILA MOF ft Os + SO} gL} AF HLH OU NEE SUAS + OE HL ARF § 7A 4 OBE 42 ZA|BO| Bet GD Seo Beet ALAlAtes Brel ‘BOF AAJA SOI ‘number’ 7} ASEH BE S RAPE ACHE 2S SABC. BAB oz e101 BAL HAOHS HHP UES EI 171 GHEOH GAIL} RIAL FAI HIF RBLICL SLICE Etoiry eesaHsy ALGO Saket JHSYS ROSE Sojoiyy cHMoi re metszeHo/y RUC AE 2 Ss or Be DE] SUA HO WIS AOS SAS SMISIA| Y7] GHSOH ASoH LYS CHO eH Alo SUCH. Unit 6 Sete 2H Short-answer 67Hee CHI>| HEALTH AND SAFETY IN WORKPLACE Everybody has some responsibility for health and safety in the workplace. Ifyou are an employer, you must: + Have a safe and healthy workplace + Identify safety and health problems (hazards) + Reduce risks for your workers + Support health and safety committees «Train workers about workplace health and safety + Have safe working procedures for each job + Provide equipment to protect workers if necessary Questions 1-2 Ifyou area worker, you must: + Work safely + Think of your colleagues’ safety + Report health and safety problems to supervisors or the health and safety committees + Help employers to follow health and safety laws + Wear safety equipment if necessary Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. 1 2 Who canworkers report safety problems to? Who is responsible for providing safety equipment to protect workers? Bo ReBOLAO| BAT Ota 8 MBBS GE ZION 222 ObIok CRE AABN IC so} 2B F21OL WEA) eH teh a 2 Ae Be a 04) 22th em MORRIE 4) + Hug 91 Sie 1221 ott ete AIBL mereel eiezi0l cet a, + 2,RHoh cw rz Ie A ID! ae IANS ZO} HHL S 68 woforgk READING Start Ho] Barta}, HH ao tcp: eretePt et Bao oy Be + 22h 91 Ott Bans Bn) et W7t oh etatEON ea. 2857} U2 3 Oe! HS BOSS AIEL wee 292 Bulet CHI7| SH] BO) ‘ER SeloH Ber HA) AFR Bel (RA 278 a2 ayN0] BY BE Be cee sor ay 2e7) HEALTH AND SAFETY IN WORKPLACE Everybody has some responsibility for health and safety in the workplace. Ifyou are an employer, you must: 1 you area worker, you must + Have asafe and healthy workplace + Work safely + Identify safety and health problems (hazards) + Think of your colleagues’ safety + Reduce risks for your workers 2 Report health and safety problems to + Support health and safety committees supervisors or the health and safety. + Train workers about workplacs health and safety committees + Have safe working procedures foreach job + Help employers to follow health and safety laws | + Provide equipment to protect workers if + Wear safety equipment necessary necessary na Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Hee oO 22191 BES Hal XZ ot tojgt DEM. 1 Who isresponsible for _ providing safety equipment to protect workers? {AOPY MEOH mush. provide softy equipment BB. S7EMQS AIDE OH MIB MISSES “BEN BOI Fe 2 Who ‘can workers report safety problems to? SP BENE MTR + EI} a BAB / Ob 1 must OfHOl] LIE! $0] is responsible for(2}P)ol| SHSSK= USALICH. 2742] SS SOW OE BAS AMIBSHE YBO| i= AS employer2| SSYILICH Wel HES employerPILch. 2 report health and safety problems to CH0l {2 740] 257 CHAFAILICH. to(~ONAAl)= Cat Sto!) SiS BAMRILICL. to CHBOH supervisors or the health and safety committees@}a ESE, 0] SoA Bes AAC! St CtOjo} SHISH= AS supervisorsULICt, Web| BS supervisorseiLict. ‘90 FIHLONP) = response for Ifyou are an employer, you must: ‘j employers 942 + Provide equipment to protect workers f necessary Ifyou area worker, you must: + Report health and safety problems to supervisors or the health and safety committees TDeMaGg QU BATONS BY ATONE MODE Ae spe Unité EB BA Short-answer 69ac lela READING PASSAGE 1 The Origin of Pearls It is not known for certain who the first people to collect and wear pearls were. One of America’s first gemologists, George Frederick Kunz, believed that ancient tribes in India were the first to appreciate the shape and luster of pearls, which they discovered while opening oysters for food. Indeed, there are many references to pearls in many of India’s sacred books and manuscripts. According to one epic tale, the Hindu god Krishna presented a pear! to his daughter on her wedding day. There is also evidence of the importance of pearls in many ancient Chinese texts. In a 23rd century B.C. book, the writer describes strings of pearls that were presented to a king as a gift. A growing fondness and desire for pearls spread around the world over the subsequent millennia. In Egypt, mother-of-pearl material was utilised for ornamentation as far back as 4500 B.C., but the use of actual rounded pearls did not become popular until centuries later. At the height of the Roman Empire, during the first century B.C., demand for pearls became stronger than ever. In a document written by Suetonius, it was said that the Roman general Vitellius sold one of his mother’s pearl earrings in order to finance an entire military campaign, When pearls eventually became more commonplace and affordable, Roman aristocrats adorned clothing and furniture with them to signify one’s personal wealth and social standing. 70. ol014& READING StartQuestions 1~4 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1~4 on your answer sheet. 1 Inwhich country did George Frederik Kunz believe a fondness for pearls originated? 2 Whenwas mother-of-peail used by Egyptians? 3. What type of item was sold in order to finance Roman military efforts? 4 What items did Romans decorate with pearls to show that they were wealthy? Unit 6 28281 MI Short-answer 71READING PASSAGE 2 The Evolution of the Paralympic Games Although athletes with physical disabilities have been participating in minor sporting events for more than a century, it was not until after World War II that sports for the disabled were widely introduced. In 1944, the British government asked Dr. Ludwig Guttman to establish a spinal injuries centre at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Dr. Guttman included sports in many of his treatment regimens, with the purpose of helping war veterans to overcome specific injuries and regain bodily functions. When such treatments proved successful and popular, this rehabilitating sport for the impaired soon evolved into recreational sport and then into competitive sport. On the day that the Olympic Games began in London, July 29, 1948, Dr. Guttman arranged the first ever competition for athletes who were confined to wheelchairs. He named this historic competition the Stoke Mandeville Games, and the event included 16 military personnel who competed to win a prize in archery. Four years later, the same event was held, this time named the International Stoke Mandeville Games, and military veterans from the Netherlands competed alongside the British servicemen and women. ‘This competition officially changed its name to the Paralympic Games when it was held in Rome, Italy, in 1960. It had increased significantly in size by that time, with approximately 400 participating athletes representing 23 different countries. Much like the Summer Olympies, a winter version of the Paralympic Games was later established and held every four years. The first of these took place in Stockholm in 1976. Ever since the Seoul Summer Olympics in 1988 and the Albertville Winter Olympies in 1992, the Paralympic Games have been held in the same cities and countries as the regular Olympic Games. In recent years, the Paralympic Games has experienced a gradual rise in popularity, and media coverage of the games has grown accordingly. Although television broadeasts of the event began in 1976, the coverage was limited to a taped-delay release and only available in a select few countries. During the 1992 event, 45 hours of television coverage was aired, but only in Europe. It was not until the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney that the event saw a significant increase in global media exposure, and this marked the first time that the event was broadast live online as well as on television stations. 72 wojorg# READING StartQuestions 5~9 Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND /OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 5~9 on your answer sheet. 5 Whodid Dr. Guttman help with his treatments? 6 What sport was played during the first Stoke Mandeville Games? 7 Which country's athletes competed against British athletes at the International Stoke Mandeville Games? 8 When did the first Winter Paralympic Games take place? 9 Inwhat region could television viewers watch coverage of the 1992 Paralympics? Unit 6 828 BA Short-answer 731 India 2 450086, 3 peattearings/earings 4 clothing and furniture 5 warveterams 6 archery 7 theNetherands 8 1976 /in 1976 19 Europe /in Europe The origin of Pearl 21321 7/21 eRe mse ue eee Itis not known for certain / who the first people to collect and wear pearls were. SO] WEA EAS SICH ZI AIOED YBSE ALO} Ate] 7017] ‘One of America’s frst gemologists, .! George Frederick Kunz, believed that ancient tribes in India were the first_ to appreciate the shape and luster of pearls, _ which they discovered _ while opening oysters for food. OFS a1] BY BAL SC Ol / BX] BAC] BAS VAC Dey OIE HAO] AAACN FSI Soh BAS = OB T2IDI ee HRS TASS WBC BAS eed BB TIA Indeed, there are many referencesto pearls in many of India’s sacred books and manuscripts, MME, X50] GS BE SAO] SIct eISO| He AeA AOL According to one epic tale, the Hindu god Krishna presented a pearl to his daughter / on her wedding day. SEAL O/OHION ES, IS A APlALtS TRB MERC / Bolas Ie] Bes sol ‘There is also evidence of the importance of pearls _ in many ancient Chinese texts. US| FON Ht SAH ACE YS DA SS SPIOUA Ina 23rd century B.C. book, the writer describes strings of pearls . that were presented to a king asa gift. 718 23HI7I0l SEW “APH GABE (AIF RAO ov NBS ABEL *that= stings ofp ‘A growing fondness and desire for pearls spread around the world over thesubsequent millennia. BO7HE TZOL CHE! MBESH ISU APNON WIC) $1 214 Ser 2In Egypt, mother-of-pearl material was utilized _ foromamentation of actual rounded pearls “did notbecome popular until centuries later. OWES XPHS ABSIT BYBOR 718s 4500Y MOSM sal SAV / TAIL Rael S2 FEL Ab SS HBSICIT! OIC pAN7| O1RMERL 9s far back as 4500 BC, / but the use DA the height of the Roman Empire, . during the first century 8.C,,. demand for pearls became stronger than. ‘ever... In. adocument written by Suetonius, itwas said that _ the Roman general Vitelius sold his mother’s pearl earrings _in order to finance an entire military campaign. 20} FBO] WA7Iol | 71 17] SOe TFS] FL Of HATH ZOHACE / SOMELIEATE & AON TIZEL / oO} HSQAAIG | VO} YS wl GejSAc ofoIL 9] AF AYOG PACD UA BA] ABS ozsoH71 He 76 WojoIgs READING StartWhen pearls eventually became more commonplace and affordable, 41 ristocrats adorned - clothing and furniture “with them - to signify one’s personal wealth and social standing. TE SCO CY SACHA BEY OSE 740] SIS mH /SOHo] HSS PACH Rap ARB / WES /xtLIOl 7421 24 79} A}DIS TIPE LEILA] 9104 Questions 1-4 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. | ClO} O18} TeID/S dio] AaB PE! ers AION MeHOHe Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. ale] 1-41 ZO gas AA, 1. Inwhich country / did George Frederik Kunz believe / a fondness for peatls originated? Of LYSIOHA / ZR] Hapea] BEE VIMETt / FO CHO! MEET HAASIRICED EID George Frederick Kunz, believed that ancienttribes in India were the first to appreciate the shape and luster of pearis, which they discovered while cpening oysters for food. EBD 2504 Oho! HSS} AMIEL Me AIFS] DOT BUS YAOH| AEE MID w 4 SIBLICL, S| the first) ‘Net 2 O10) eH OEE oF HIE UHO| Ad 27171 SILICL BHO Be 212 L2H county)o|22 BES indiaQiLict [EEESIEEE © originated ~ the fst @ fondness» appreciate 2 Whenwas “mother-of-pearl used / by Egyptians? QUNISEETE / APHPE AIRE! 2O| / ORE 21BOH OfoH EI} In Egypt, mother-of-pearl material was utilized for omamentation as far back as 4500 B.C, HEEB OREO BABOS XPHB ABE 2B YeIFe AS UIBO| BE 27171 SILC. SMOWA BE Ae etnI(when) 12 BES 4500 B.CAILIC, (ELENETD used - utilized 3. What ypeofitem / was sold in order to finance Roman military efforts? Off! BRSI MHO| / BRE / 20} BaH BOI AALS HOH [Gill Atthe height of the Roman Empire, during the first century BC,, demand for pearls became stronger than ever. Ina document written by Suetonius, t was said that the Roman general Vitelus sold his mother’s pearl earrings in order to finance an entire miltary campaign. EBB ZO} ZO] HeIO1w Bor Bat abalone Ie! god cHet AI HBO] BE 2717 ILICL. of (what type of item) BOF TPE AIRE MeN] BD O@z Bee pearl earingsQUC. [ENE military efforts > military campaign 4 Whatitems / did Romans decorate with pearls to show that they were wealthy? Of BES / BOSS NFS BYRET| / BOI RRAICHE 2B DALeH?I Pe EBD Roman aristocrats adomed clothing and furniture with them to sigrify one’s personal wealth and social standing. ED 20}0| HAO] 9} A1PHw LHEHAZ! Fed RIE ABACK AIS ISO! BE A77t SLICK, VFS O1gs 24(what items) SAME BT YOR YEE clothing and furnituregILICt, (ELENETE © decorate» adorn @ wealthy > wealth show -» signify Unit 6 IG BA Short-answer 75The Evolution of the Paralympic Game mais "i2i21 wet ee al Although athletes with physical disabilities “have been participating in minor sporting events for more than accentury, it was not until after World Warll that spors forthe disabled were widely introduced. MIR AAI BOE 7H SEBO! / HS ABA Y7/H BIoHH BOL / BEAD] OF BOF / APA ZRF CHE OFF SIO} ASCE ORS ose et Amar el Ante AS Sin 1944,_ the British government asked Dr, Ludwig Guttman _to establish a spinal injures centre at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital, 1944401, BR BH FSM] PERO QAMCT / AB AICI ROL aim es EI ER aE Dr. Guttman included sports in many of his treatment regimens, _ with the purpose of helping war veterans _to overcome specific injuries and regain bodily functions. SL} FERS 29 71 Well YE ARAB BAAITC BN SAIS SE SIE SS SYS SeeD AN ie sitet ‘When such treatments proved successful and popular, this tehabiltation sport for the impaired soon ‘evolved into recreational sport / and then to competitive sport. Te EHO] ABNOLD HE SOee WO] SACI OHS sIe! Ol I AAR (2 opt ABA wD Ray ABA} SIzCh, ‘On the day thatthe Olympic Games began in London, on July 29, 1948, Dr, Gurtmann arranged the first ‘ever competition for athletes who were confined to wheelchairs. EHSL ale} AIO] AIStoF WoW, / 194844 78 298, SA} PERS Ab AIS] A7Im EMILE AAROIO BI og! Se Mae COR a He named thi toric con jon the Stoke Mande personnel _who competed to wina prize in archery. “ie 0] Saya 27191 OS ABA Sty Brie RACY /TeLD A BAloles 16—| BAr @BIBO| aHOHREME (I SE SSO SS Ep Fok BBACt 7Fouryearslater the same eventwas held, this time named the International Stoke Mandeville Games, ‘and military veterans from the Netherlands competed alongside the British servicemen and women, 48% VS AWE IAD ool OBS AN ASS otcly Z7IET BIC TAIN HIBS Heol ae Bat So} gaol we Bosal eMNIeICt ‘This competition officially changed its name to the Paralympic Games / when it was held / in Rome, Italy i 1960. 0] AIRE BAHOR OBR ASIC MHRIRIIO! A A7}74 WAIEIOAS Mm“ 1960\oH o|seIOF BOK, Ithad increased significantly in size by that time, withapproximately 400 participating athletes representing 23 different countries. AALS HE SOM YO APASIC / IM ARON / Ce} HOB Aide VE AES / 271 Ch ARS GOT 76 wol0Ig READING Stat8 Much like the Summer Olympics, _a winter version of the Paralympic Games waslater established “and, held every four years. Op] BELT OFF MIAVIAL /HHREHOL SA VPS LABS ZACH ALA aysotc 7HaISIeAC The firstof these took place in Stockholm 1201 3 HH AUIS SIAC / 197540) AS ROUAY hese =the Paralyinp Gam Ever since the Seoul Summer Olympics in 1988 and the Albertville Winter Olympics in 1992, the Paralympic Games have been held in the same cities and countries as the regular Olympic Games. 1988 MB Of] SED 1992u awe Sl SEO] Wel Oleh / MPRAS TS SA BIO 7AAISICACE / AE aaa Inrecent years, the Paralympic Games has experienced a gradual rise in popularity, and media coverage of the games has grown accordingly NAO IRIS GHESOI Yat BOILAT VO / ofo} PF 0| B10] gi SEE SrIeNCt Although television broadcasts ofthe event “began in 1976, /the coveragewas limited toa taped-delay release / and only available to aselect few countries IR MRIS] RHPA BO} / 197ELLOL ALISIRIRIE / TUBS MYO HAAG FDO SS B10} SBoHE taped delay release) HOR / alm sel S74 A7IOURE OS THEIL “the event= the Paralympic Games During the 1992 event, 45 hours of television coverage was aired, _ but only in Europe. 19924 BEIM Set / 45A2! Belo] MISO] SeMwINS? BEsletct / aL} 24 REO twas not until the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney that the event saw a significant increase in global media exposure, / and this marked the fist time / that the event was broadcast live online / as wellas on television stations. 200041 AIL! O}4| MHEIELEY ANGI ME SIOLMOF / 2 Z7i SST MECH / MAA OIE BOL / ala OE a1 2 7IRSIACH 227174 QIEILOIN AWSE! NOS / eI! Vs ROI we OILet Questions 5-9 ‘Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. § Ol Tela Be OLS] Ate FYE BUS AISA YEAS. Write your answers in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet. Aol 5-9 Bl BS AAS. 5 Who did Dr. Guttman help with his treatments? FER UE SPB SO FEM} / 291 1B OH [Ea In 1944, the British government asked Dr. Ludwig Guttman to establish a spinal injuries centre at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Dr. Guttman included sports in many of his treatment regimens, withthe purpose of helping war veterans to overcome specific injures and regain bodily functions. (EB FEO Cpr 2IRe SOE HY! FER! OHI IRAE HMOIRED B+ BIBLICE ARS MCI WeIO) A At ‘4818 UUOIO! AH BAS ABHCHES TIB USO BE 2771 SILC. AIA BEE war veterarsQILI. Unit 6 <8 BH Shor-answer 776 What sport was played during the first Stoke Mandeville Games? Of ARAB Q7IOMLt / A182] AEA CIETY B71 Bet [EI Dr. Guttman arranged the first ever competition for athletes who were confined to wheelchairs. He ‘named this historic competition the Stoke Mandeville Games, and the event included 16 miitary personnel who competed to win a prize in archery. EEE Stock Mandevile Games7t HBOS SBSIIM 27] Yio} CH BBE AS WSO] BE Vt SLUICE a APSO| B71 SRO ASE] SoH BVASICHT SPO Of IB AMET SF VSLICE Wie BIS archery@iUic. 7 Which country’s athletes competed against British athletes at the International Stoke Mandeville Games? OL UASISSNS7 SS MERON AIO] ABOU BA ASA OCH A7IOIAY ‘2D Four years later, the same event was held, this time named the International Stoke Mandeville Games, and military veterans from the Netherlands competed alongside the British servicemen and women. EID AS tc H0} Intemationalg O18oH Boles 2 B7IOA SI of Bo!O] ISICON S aI SABA VI CHE AE HBO] BEL 277t SIMIC. Olt LY2}Ol At4GteeX| BD BOSS BES the NetherlandsBILCh 8 When did the frst Winter ParalympicGames_ take place? 0h / 2] SA REIBIO| /7HAISIETH? {ED_ Much lke the Summer Olympics, a winter version of the Paralympic Games was later established and held every four years. The frst ofthese took place in Stockholm in 1976, (GER AS eats Se B59 mIBIS] S27] vis01 27H! AIS Uigol BE 2A7t SLC. Sa BIE EIS 91 S71 HORN 8 + UOLICL er ARE THANE OH Be SH YM ONO) BEI Be AOE Y Be 1976QUNCh [EENENEN winter -+ a winter version of 9 Inwhatregion could television viewers watch coverage ofthe 1992 Paralympics? fet IOI MANNIE APSTIO| Bw APSR SIRI 199248 mIBEIBIS| ‘all During the 1992 event, 4shours of television coverage was aired, but only in Europe. (EGE Waele ArwTIEO] Bas Aree Ae B77} weMINOR WEE AO} B+ BELICL 19924 BIS ASI BAIS SSSI BF AI UO] BE S717} SLICE Off A(egion)2IX| BT Bose ywS Eurepe2iUct (GEESE television viewers watch -» 45 hours television coverage was 78 "olor READING StartEA SEH Questions 1-4 Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below. Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on youranswer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. The 1... discovered underwater in Lake Huron have conditions similar to underwater habitats that existed 2.5 billion years ago. Lake Huron’s 2 is comprised of limestone and gypsum and was formed from the remains of ancient seas. Underground caves suffered from erosion which led to the collapse of the ceilings and the creation of more noticeable holes. Scientists have studied the groundwater that sustains microbiallife there and found that it lacks 3__, which. typical freshwater organisms require. The groundwater has a higher 4__ than most lake water because it is colder and contains more ions. A sulphur B bedrock C temperature D density E oxygen F erosion G species H sinkholes wien NB_ Youmayuse any letter more thanonce. ‘NSIOS YO O71 AIASOIM Ofe Ht MEHR 4 OICH 2101 BoIBIeh NB @}€10} Nota Bene®| FT}2, Bo|z 6191 Note WellQILICh. 3 “ROISAPE SEO], NBE O}OIRIA AION XE aol Boruc. 3271 SAH Ske QOH My BANE TA BOH NEE BASIE BSI VSUCL O| BS, HEM We SITES WoL BES 2 ASSINSUCL et Bl SMB BCU VEO] VL S71 S Hl O14 AIBSIA| OCHOA, EO] BAS sO feo UL CHAL ete Boies B97} gte@LICh, 80 *otolgs2s READING Startaes aes PBS UNE MPS FAH SH BOE, OF 72] SRE Lvs + UO 2} HYo| Be ChsateScict. EEE gt4f617] (Sentence Completion) & AES paraphrasingtt 289) ves ASE SY & FV] HOT PSH} SAO HIKE SO} ALO ofc Sater 2D, x ‘iztol Soizt BES MO}oF ALICH. & OPH SHE LE PassagewA LOT, ML Eaoly OBO Section 20a F2 SARLICH. [20 APSE! HOS OBA 22h= &e7| (Summary Completion) & M2 ay Se AMO] HY USS Welet Ol vies SE =F & Y71 BAPE Ske BAT ee SHOR ULC & VSS ae XO Ok! QF HAtoH Chet Vero] SAVEILICE. 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She is the CEO of a large corporation, and is 6 all over North America by her 7 List of Word class | ae D usa | Bt E wantuiae | Cc at F SHOSAL) exeRcIse Answers —— = 1c 2£ 30 4F SB 6B 7A SBM ofS 2D 7 te BNI 3, SIERO HBA! bow Cf) OI CEE Cr BE eA $91 Hole Sih SHBAPY WAU, via HER! han ove waka BEAL SBE) Bet eA! S21 soje Qh A} RE, A veniOHe)= SAU SEA SAID Pete BH NE), eRe BoE O7 aE $e] BRO OHSAS HEA & CFE eit Se MOE HL! BHP HDA, we oN or IOS BAN BULA RAM ABE 2. CR to ete AL iyol 0 123 87 2 6 Ne DeBARIOR SOP} eASIEE, vem BM CHK 7 asi AR Hote BPH SIRAIE MF FEED Ue 12 ofgyoi ge. crue 2 siesnias 919, aan CHO 3_ URN HA oie, 4 SAKE gape aE DSDHA UAC. Pale He A TRICE WARIS TIES 2 BI 4S UROL KERN 5 HATINY He HOHE 38 2 api aim agro}; mol Hs 242172 cling) SM 4 He aw BAP AIeAcIPoe 87 Bet 82 ¥ol0Ig44 READING StartAE 140} Al a Het 2371 Scanning# Skimming S23 Aor Bil HS + UE aR SAL, SAL ME SO SS FOZ BE BAS we RoWUCt. BE Htoj 27] 2 Bol SUA aE ei2lOl Bork! CHOl MES! CHOP} WEIR] OFLA] AASIO| Bel ES LEA AHO RILICH, © MAiithe, a/an) $10 Wee SALE BEET a/an Slots E+ BAPE SLICE 21 FR BAPE AEH G20] BEINOS OW zIeHel 7 BAKE SAAN students, whales 8)OIILt S482 AH leadership, access S)7t S/O10F SLICt. ( Kites were used as a EE messenger ELD G2 HYOR AbsHRIC. ® SAt Lo] Fo} Apel vizteS Ape wert ‘SAL MO FO] BAP MSA] BSED SAVE 31) GM CHeHe, vizio} BOI Sate Cty SS WINE BAPILICh, (@ The ____ provides strong backing for Toff’ view. EHD evidence ED 2 67s EHR 21ON che! Bele! BE BEET, © 71201 LS Set Velol lows AST BUS UEA MISO] LYS Bo! SEC EHO LILIC. ols BO] PUMOS vRIOL St -m BEPE SS rISSICIE, ARO SBE BAS HS, BEBE BYES SPS CtOlS 71QSHOF SLICt, @ we opt Ie Evol LEE olsat AIS Bet BIAS Al ZO SS BE Hole O10] SYOl +S Coit BAIA] ISUICh. (Gi) The popularity of youth travel in Europe has supported the. industry in the Balkans. (EB tourism FHM BAS HWS] RBS YL SHOWA, BY LIS Also D gic. QB SSH] Bre] 47) At Sa © AIBOLL+S Ctoigt See Eto} AS @ BUSA oral FOIOILt Bool AS @ AIG Hoist Ee HOLE Che aA EO} AEE. @ BA FC BE CtOjO) 47E A) Unit 7 W128 4921 Completion 83SF C17] Map-making and indigenous land rights We are all familiar with the idea that the map does not make the territory. However, recent efforts to reclaim lands for indigenous peoples suggest that more problematic. the relationship between actual maps and territori The map, or more specifically whoever makes the map, often defines the territory, especially when the map-makers have invaded an indigenous people's land," Maps have taken more indigenous territory than guns have Professor Jackson says. “And they may also be the best method for returning | territory to these people” Complete the summary below. Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the reading passage for each answer. Q Maps are more likely to protect indigenous land than nga TIS Mt 9 68 Ex] Be) 92) 255 HEN BER EH At eC ESS ek WS SILOR aol LAE An IES} BE Ajoo| Pr IC, BO] IE HEAP) EWES SB 2 naps) OODA SHE SI BaP} Sich 2 aPC, 71 1 RSOPH FO} BS BASU oe UM, Tain 7 84 “ojolg# READING StartMet ChA|7] SA BO! ER 2749] 98! nioy2} seo] 221 Bo! BE Yi2I01 Soy cto} gy m9} BEE) 2H 0} BA) 8 BHA Sy 27) BE) 22 clo} 217] @ Bus ee ae | Map-making and indigenous land rights ‘We are all familiar with the idea that the map does not make the territory. However, recent efforts to reclaim lands for indigenous peoples suggest that the relationship between actual maps and territories |_is more problematic. The map, or more specifically whoever makes the map, often defines the territory, especially when the map-makers have invaded an indigenous people's land. “Maps have taken more indigenous territory than guns have.’ Professor Jackson says.’And they may also be the best method for | [returning territory to these people” faa Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the reading passage for the answer. ‘BES BOOEE % LO AS Ba BIZF BEE QOH thanO], 2 Qoil= moreO| USUCt. more than’ Was HHOS wials-= chao] Me Ve wy SHE SES SUC! SAO] QSLICh. more thand] HLBBHE CHAS O}g! mapszt BIRAILICH. mapst= BHALO| 2B YZ BA SOF BCH WS VS + VRSLICY. ‘Maps are more likely to protect indigenous land than _ 24 ZS}... ACHR ER MSR! 7H Ol CC, Fstep 39 stem ¥IZIO} Bow Cloje XIE (maps)ef wlzBSli=(more than) HOLS, TENE EAVI0| ES waste opts 2 Ie ZQILICE. ABOU ALES} S'S UlaOT YOR YES Se oKA}BO! gunseILICh. Maps are / more likely to protect indigenous land than ‘854 BO; ay2ON8, ‘maps, incigens, method for returning testo SL “Maps have taken more indigenous territory than guns have’ Professor Jackson says." And they ops may also be the best 1od for returning territory to these people” pele S08) et indigenous Ait: WS IE MOIS AIRE MONE YO SI7/S PICS LS Unit 7 ¥l2E 38971 Completion 85clei 39 READING PASSAGE 1 86 Microbes in ancient groundwater Have you ever wondered what underwater life was like 2.5 billion years ago? Well, scientists have discovered similar conditions in submerged sinkholes in Lake Huron, the third largest of the Great Lakes. Lake Huron is located above a 400-million- year-old limestone and gypsum bedrock, which was created from the remains of ancient saltwater seas that once stretched across the entire continent, Movement of groundwater gradually dissolved this bedrock, giving rise to underground caves called karst formations, Subsequent erosion of the cave ceilings led to collapses, resulting in visible sinkholes. For the past two decades, geologists, chemists, and biologists have investigated these habitats extensively and discovered colorful microbial layers which are not found anywhere else in the Great Lakes. Explorations using scuba divers and laboratory-based experiments have given us a greater understanding of this unique ecosystem. Scientists focused on identifying the characteristics of the groundwater that provides nourishment for the extensive microbial growth in the sinkholes. The most important h ings were that the groundwater contained no oxygen, and that it did contain levels of sulphur. They also noted that the temperature of the groundwater keeps the sinkhole’s floor at a relatively cool 9°C. Because venting groundwater is cold and rich in ions, it is denser than typical lake water. Freshwater organisms that are commonly found in oxygenated Great Lakes habitats cannot survive here. Instead, these conditions are suited only to salt-loving, low oxygen-tolerant microbes. ‘Jo}olgt2 READING StartQuestions 1~4 Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below. Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1~4 on your answer sheet. The1 discovered underwater in Lake Huron have conditions similar to underwater habitats that existed 2.5 billion years ago. Lake Huron’s 2 is comprised of limestone and gypsum and was formed from the remains of ancient seas. Underground caves suffered from erosion which led to the collapse of the ceilings and the creation of more noticeable holes. Scientists have studied the groundwater that sustains microbial life there and found that it lacks 3 which typical freshwater organisms require. The groundwater has a higher 4 than most lake water because it is colder and contains more ions. A sulphur B bedrock € temperature D density E oxygen F erosion G species H sinkholes Unit 7 wet #271 Completion 87READING PASSAGE 2 Has Green Transportation Proven Successful? Journalist Harry Forsythe discusses the impact of environmentally-friendly transportation initiatives in Glasgow, Scotland. Well, this is an issue that many Scottish people are interested in, as Glasgow has recently begun introducing new electric vehicles in a car-sharing program called ScotCar. The city says its aim is to reduce car ownership, traffic and exhaust emissions, thereby improving the quality of life for city residents. TransFour, the company financing the initiative, has been using \g-edge lithium battery technology. the opportunity to showcase its electric vehicles and ct Although Giasgow is still lagging far behind cities like Paris and Amsterdam when it comes to green transportation, it has made some impressive moves forward. One of its most important initiatives has been a short-term bicycle rental system. ScotBike, which started in 2014, is now completely integrated into the city’s transportation network, with tens of thousands of residents taking advantage of it all over the city. In developing the ScotCar project, the city hoped to build on this successful bike-sharing experiment. But, was ScotBike as successful as the local government believes? Based on figures released by the Department of Transportation, traffic has not been reduced in the slightest. Furthermore, because a large number of bikes have been vandalized, stolen, or iost, the project is likely running at a loss. These days, it's not uncommon to show up at a ScotBike station expecting to borrow a bicycle, only to find that the bikes are missing a wheel or a chain. A fair analysis of how successful the ScotBike initiative has been should take the financial figures into account. Unfortunately, B.K. Ludlow, the marketing firm that operates the initiative in exchange for a discount on Glasgow event advertising, does not release financial data on the program. However, BK. Ludlow describes ScotBike as an immensely popular service with residents of Glasgow and tourists alike, who use the bikes to make approximately 8,000 trips each day. The company claims that losses from theft have diminished over the life of the program and are now at an acceptable level that allows for financial profit. 8B _Wlojoise READING StartQuestions 5~8 Complete the notes below. (Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 5~8 on your answer sheet. ScotBike + Glasgow in an effort to catch up with Paris and Amsterdam in terms of green transportation + 2014: introduced the ScotBike initiative, which has so far been unsuccessful in reducing 5 + Another problem: that many of the bicycles are being vandalized + BK. Ludlow: not provide 6 that would be necessary for a proper analysis - but maintain that ScotBikeis popular with 7... and tourists and that losses as a result of bicycle 8 have decreased significantly. Unit 7 wiz! #221Completion 891H 28 Be 40 5 tafe 6 financial data /francaligures 7 residents 8 theft Microbes in ancient groundwater 2 tsi 4 91888 eRR BU ME eae BEAN ' Have you ever wondered _ what underwater life was like 2.5 billion years ago? _/ Well, scientists have, Lakes. Bat SY ALI FH MEMBS OSA / 259 Mt MoH / Otho! WCE oy wISD! SII / eR0H aH BAROM RE SFO] OAT ALICE AZ Sc Bg wME 7H A SeOL Lake Huronis located _ above a 400-milion-year-old limestone and gypsum bedrock, / which was created from the remains of ancient saltwater seas _ that once stretched across the entire continent. ESSE ANIC 49 ME! MBIT ANT 7ivlel Slo 2 7IMES TCH ofS UICIONAL © OHORA AAztOO| / eH Bo OF SIChS CHS 7H HEI Beaty BRAC 4A) = ancient satwater seo ‘Movernent of groundwater gradually dissolved this bedrock, formations, 7io}+21 SIS SHO WS SAARI (Tot SASS U7 OM SAS ABo|a Bale ing rise to underground caves called karst Subsequent erosion of the cave ceilings / led to collapses, resulting in visible sinkholes. 2SF NVI UIE TNS / BUS SUSI / Ol Se BABS AAI For the past wo decades, geologists, chemists, and biologists have investigated these habitats extensively and discovered colorful microbial layers / which are not found anywhere else in the Great Lakes. Aid 2084 Zt APBIINIS! SHITE, ELD AAAS 0] MANE etsiov SAAT / CIR ONE SS WEL /O 30} FHLACH 32S SCRE OICIOVAIS HORE 4 Sti Explorations using scuba divers and laboratory-based experiments have given usa greater understanding Of this unique ecosystem. SAS GE¥S) MEMol 7S & WY OBE 22171 CS at OloHRE + UES MERC! /0| SE! ePION Ce Scientists focused on _ identifying the characteristics shot provides nourishment for the extensive microbial growth _ in the sinkholes. . The most important findings were that _ the groundwater contained no oxygen, and that it did contain high levels of suiphur. BONES SYS FAC AIFS] SYS Ue AO] BES ASote - Selelet oF VS eet YaHOH A/S BQ WAS ASE VAR Nol Bb ILO} BACHE NOI / eS Fl BS *anat(24 BACB) =the groundwater ‘They also noted that the temperature ofthe groundwater keeps the sinkhole’ floor ata relatively oo! 9°C. AES ES MMC TF SEA AAR MS BAIS AE AeHOR Alele! A OES 90 olor READING Start4 Becauseventing groundwater scold and rich in ions, itis denser _ than typical lake water. ‘SHO ASH AIOE ARID / O10] BAYS] MSO} / ETE CH RCH / QIvIOl Se CH Freshwater organisms / that arecommonly ound in oxygenated Great Lakeshabitats / cannot survive here. 249] ABES UAB BBW SUSI MANION BO] WISH / OL ABE 4 ec Instead, these conditions are suited “only to saltloving, low oxygenttolerant microbes. He Ole AUSS SRI QS Bolsiol We LAS wg Ale OMRON Questions 1-4 Complete the summary using the lst of words, A-H, below. OS] A-H 01 RES APOIO} LOSS eAoLAIe, Write the comrect letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. AHS W927] 71H G1 1~4¥491 vleIOH AOAI9. A sulphur B bedrock € temperature D density E oxygen F erosion G species H sinkholes 1 The... ‘discovered underwater “in Lake Huron / have conditions . similar to underwaterhabitats that existed 2.5 billion years ago. conn / BAO YUE / RE S40] / AIS PAT CH / FS MALO} AHOE / 2501 A NAL (EEE BAI the FIO BAL (El) Have you ever wondered what underwater lifewas like 2.5 billion years ago? Well scientists have discovered similar conditions in submerged sinkholes in Lake Huron, the third largest of the Great Lakes, EE YI2I04 Sojzt lovee 259] 1 Ho] HH AIRC} Halt Re SHOU WE! WOILICH, AX}O! 2.5 billond| 71S 28 HOWE SLICE. 2501 ot MO] 4 BATS 252) Mol +H MAO AILS HOLD, IMO] 4 4442] SURG AO RE SOY WIS! 2S 48 YAR submerged sinkholes)ZILICE, 171 A4XH0l sinkholes7t 2 282 BES HULK. (EXENIEGED underwater > submerged 2 Lake Huron’s,.. 2 ancient so PROF 9B PESIOl SICH /AtsieIa Me / eID gE / DO UICIS| ReHEeE EE 2921 FIO BA (GaP Lake Huron is located above a 400-milion-year-old limestone and gypsum bedrock, which was created from the remains of ancient saltwater seas that once stretched across the entire continent. (EE YI2I0H Siz Cole Teh Cho] BOS eHGOI AIIM ADS PYEl ALILICL. G+ Be limestone} GypsUMO| ZF BL! AOL, + vi 29] imestone and gypsum bedrocko| IE} BAP} GLICK, 7IeH—d (bedrock}2} 0180] Maia ADE BBD YOU 7IeIQIO| JO] O| $71] BAOlati= AB w+ VSLIch, O| OnE SOM CH ROHS OIBOIRCHS HSE YOO YES BEILICE [EXEEEIED formed from -> created from is comprised of limestone and gypsum and wasformed from the remains of Unit 7 eet 8271 Completion 913. Scientists have studied the groundwater that sustains microbiallife there and found that itlacks._®)_, which typcal freshwater organisms require. DOSS AAT SIC (TOSS “DRO O}gBO| AUS SH TAIN ~S VOwEY / AIRE THR SiCHS 28 / Bele! E> A7IMIEO Beet REED licks 01 PHOICHee LO HHO} OS! SHON ele" Hohe BAA OSE, wee lackO Seo} FBT ICHRSALSL SBM CIB SAlON w+ BE At AA [EI Scientists focused on identifying the characteristics of the groundwater that provides nourishment for the extensive microbial growth in the sinkholes. The most important findings were that the ‘groundwater contained no oxygen, and thatit did contain high levels of sulphur. EER #12! 221 ite groundwater HSI vizI0| Hoje! Clolt= Berto] WeeH found that), OBS! WIS TAPE HOO] BAB SILICE 7H SAV weA(findings)'S NOON AATF CHT St XIE BO! EP Pvt siol BBS E7t Ue, nx extensive have studied ~ focused on sustains microbial life -> provides nourishment for the icrobial growth) found that -» findings were @ lacks ~+ contains no 4 The groundwater hasahigher 4). than most lake water “because'tis colder and contains more ions. AREA SS SADA} HPS] 84 BMC} I xiols7E CHANIA Be oles exsist gI7| mBOICt ERD 212! gto} Hats BAW} OSs Bay {II Because venting groundwater is cold, and rich in ons, itis denser than typical lake water. EEE LIZ Borg Clo + Bol Vio ZI6}471 eS VALI, BAIO| ANGE! ULE Belthan)o} 7k Bee ‘SOPH SILICL 3-04 Uloh XOI+O] BET} CH CHD Ct XIE UHBO] BE Q7V7t SILICL. BBAt denseo| QAret density? #7] 2210] LOSE YEE OALICL. denser(Uias SANE higher densiyiMBAreay=e BAe son ERBLC [EEE © most ake water ~ typical lake water contains more ions ich in ions En 44 URE QF WIDE BOI higher ~ thano] YSLICL. SASH cd elt AXo| viaMBo] Moot ACOH las ‘YOR BYO| LI} US 740] BOIS. scanning e MH vlas BS ON Solwee AE SM BO| VERILICK. Has Green Transportation Proven Successful? SH OESEO 4BAe NOS SOIT? eReBM Mu MR Bee Journalist Harry Forsythe discusses the impact of environmentally friendly transportation initiatives “in Glasgow, Scotland. HUBRIAE Ga] BAFO[E7} tPICt / AIBA! OS +E ANSI BelOH Chey ABBAS Be}ATOI Well,this isan issue that many Scottish people are interested in, as Glasgow has recently begun, Introducing new electric vehicles “ina car-sharing program _ called ScotCar. ONE SHO} “YS ABSAS ARNGO! Sols 7}x1M = BAHAY alaoy AMSA / 41S 71 AIS Slot EAS TESS MEMO /-AR7 eID Bale 92 woloigt READING StartThe city says its aimis to reduce car ownership, trafic and exhaust emissions, / thereby improving the quality of fe /for city residents, BAAR AG Belt / AS] SAO] /APIS AR DB, ASA M7 AS Bole BoletD / TM BOM aol S MUA HORA / SAI RIES HH ‘TransFour, / the company financing the initiative, / has been using the opportunity / to showcase its electric vehicles and cutting-edge lithium battery technology. SQABARS (I NQO| HBB A1IGHS / 7181 OBSIST Ct / AAS] 27] ATL AIA! 2b ZITI 71s MMO} 71 908 Although Glasgow isstil lagging / far behind cit transportation, ithas made some impressive moves forward. UIs BAAR OFf61 FAN QUAI! / MIPIM PACES ZO SAIGOI SHEE SIE /5M O1S SCO) NOMA / BAAD 5 Del TI oF QC slike Paris and Amsterdam / when it comes to green One of its most important initiatives / has been a short-term bicycle rental system. BaARO| 7S SOO A B OL / 171 AAA Ho} ALAgHOICy *ts= Glasgow ScotBike, “which started in 2014, / is now completely integrated into the city transportation network, / with tens of thousands of residents / taking advantage of itall over the city. ARUOIAE / 201440} WAS / BAH ALS] BBS QOH gas] BASIC / EEO] ALOHA ClO} / SAI O}OIAG ARUIOISS AHBOHT Qt "t= ScotBike In developing the ScotCar project, /the city hoped / to build on this successful bike-sharing experiment. 237} ROMER WHATIEG UOM, / BAT Ae URC /0] SBAPI XR BR NUS 7RIOZ oP But, was ScotBike as successful /as the local government believes? / Based on figures released by the Department of Transportation, traffic has not been reduced in the slightest. ‘SERIRE ARO D7t SSAA / AG BHA VRS ALS / HAG 71FOS Sol / WSAO| wast / agve = BE BOS ct Furthermore, “ because a large number of bikes have been vandalized, stolen, or lost, / the project is likely running ata loss CHBCHY / WE FLARE MASI, SU Ee ASIA] MO] /o| BEMEL AoE WEI Safe BOF ZC} ‘These days, /its not uncommon / to show up at a ScotBike station / expecting to borrow a bicycle, /only to find that the bikes are missing a wheel ora chain. 28, / SE VOl Och / ARUIOLA CHO}2oH BE CI7t /APEIA CHOHOHAI 7IMOE / 2A HIFILE MIO] ARSHEI AP wigig weet 22 Unit 7 ¥12h #971 Completion 93©Afairanalysis_ of how successful the ScotBike i account. BE EHS ARUOIS AIO] SOY SAMOIEKIO| Cet ERIC! SAM TeIOHOr SICH ive has been _ should take the financial figures into. oy Unfortunately, BK. Ludlow, the marketing firm that operates the initiative in exchange fora discount on Glasgow event advertising, does not release financial data on the program. PBABAS ¥| HO] YSSE 0] AVS SASHES Oe Ste! SeHAD OME YToy Vet PS WE Aa7-E 0} Ber Hol 1 RE S746) ect 7 However, BK. Ludlow describes ScotBike as an immensely popular service. with residents of Glasgow and tourists alike, who use the bikes _ to make approximately 8,000 trips each day. SHIGE Ul AO] AES ARVIOIAG ABV} CHES] HBA IAS BHAT RoI} BAY SSO 2A SASH fg) CHSF 800081 O18 aHEKH ©The company claims that _losses from theft _have dimi an acceptable level _ that allows for financial profit. ASME SBR SHOR Cet ave 7 BE THO] 711 FO HOIST YOO eH WOH + oie sB0}eT HSH O18 7HSOHA OHS red over the life ofthe program. and ste now at APBIA| S107} SIV, (MEE) OY! EHO} O10] Reading AIBOLM eleieta| USE EtOFRILIch, Ate, AROS Of foie SeH8 Gal B+ LBUIC. Questions 5-8 Complete thenotes below. O29] SEB HABA, ‘Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. 28S TIZGM OLY Se F Clolz BEA. \Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet. Erle] 5-84 al CBS AA, ScotBike AZH0|=2 Glasgow in an effort to catch up with Paris and Amsterdam _ in terms of green transportation SHAD wie|o} ACIS WHIZ Ploy eyOHD ge Bieta BESEHS! HOIOIA, 5 201A: introduced the ScotBike initiative, _ which has sofar been unsuccessful in reducing _®/ 2014: ARMIOIS NS SEC I7S eyes! SSAA Vee B Bolt OM HEM reducing? -S HOCH ES 7! FAO} BA SAt reduces| SYA EHS wee reducing?) BNO] IVS w+ BE OE Mel 94 Sol0Igt READING Start

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