CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the process on how the machine is constructed in order to attain

the objectives of the study. This chapter will also present the project design, project

development, design calculations, and the operation and testing procedure, as well as the

evaluation procedure.

Project Design

This design started upon the researchers’ identification of problems present and are

noticeable in their environment, specifically one that concerns the need for a more efficient and

convenient way to execute repetitive tasks such as maintaining the good condition and safety of

pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces. This has become the basis of the objectives of

the research, which, in turn, led to the actual design with the use of the proponents’ skills and

knowledge, that were learned and practiced in mechanical engineering.

This project will be developed using the experimental methods of research, wherein the

design and the construction of the Rotary Sweeper has undergone careful deliberations and

selection of appropriate components and designs. Upon the consideration of the components’

availability, the researchers discovered that many of them can be found in the market, which will

also enable them to calculate and identify the budget needed. The parts are computed which

will be paramount upon its construction. Steps will be developed for the construction and

installation of the individual parts, and its operation will be done in a proper way that it

instructional.

Project Development
 The project development shows the design calculations, illustration of the machine with

its labeled parts, dimensions, and simulated model, as well as the work breakdown structure

and the proponents’ planning and scheduling of activities leading to the construction of the

design.

Design Calculations:

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:

Required power:

The power required for cutting moss with the average shear strength 0.01211 N,( Table 3. Stem
diameter and mean mechanical properties³s.e.m. of year 4 stem segments of sympodial and
monopodial H. splendens.)

T =Fr
1m 2 πTN
T =( 0.01211 N ) (.37 mm × ) P=
1000 mm 60

2 πx 2.24035 x 10−6 N−m x 2500 rpm

T =¿2.24035x10−6 N −m P=
60

SF=2 P=5.86522x10−7 KW
 −7 1 hp
P=5.86522x10 KWx
0.7457 KW

P=7.865391x10−7 hp x 2

P=1.573078338x10−6

A .3350hp or .5hp drive motor could be used.

Energy of the vacuum’s blade

The vacuum’s blade having diameter of 13.97 cm and .05 cm in thickness the blade is

made of aluminium with a density of 2.7kg/cm3 rotating in a speed of 2500rpm

W
KE= ( vf 2−vo2 ¿
2g

Where;

vo−¿Initial velocity g −¿ acceleration due to gravity:g=9.81 m/ s2

vf −¿ Final velocity W −¿ weight of the flywheel (W =mg¿

m
ρ= ;
V = At mass of the moss=2.20476344 x
10−4 kg
v

Volume of the moss-1.065103111 x 10−6 m3

Where; weight of the moss-2.162872935 x 10−6 kN

ρ – Density of the flywheel Work or force need to lift a moss in height of .5 meters

m – Mass of the flywheel W=2.162872935 x 10−6 kN x .5m= 1.081436467 x 10−6 kJ

W=mg =(20.6922kg x 9.81 m/s 2)

W=202.995
 202.995
KE= (5.820083 xm/s2 −02 ¿
2(9.81)

KE=0.35055KJ

F 0.35055 KJ =22.881853kPa
Pressure= =
A .01532 m 2

Isometric Drawing:
VACUUM’S FAN
BLADE

ROTARY BRUSH
 VACUUM’S TUBE

VACUUM
FRAME

Circuit Diagram:
Simulated Model:
 ISOMETRIC VIEW SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW

BACK VIEW TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW

Work Breakdown Structure:

Work Breakdown Structure (Targets and Indicator)
TARGET DURATION (NUMBER INDICATIONS (EXPECTED

OF DAYS) OUTPUT)
1. Title Proposal 6 Written based on format
2. Objective of the Study 3 Written based on format
3. Significance of the 3 Written based on format

Study
4. Scope and Delimitation 4 Written based on format
5. Review of Related 11 Written based on format

Literature and Studies

6. Introduction 3 Written based on format

7. Definition of Terms 2 Written based on format

8. Conceptual Framework 4 Written based on format
9. Design and 8 Done based on reference

Calculations
11. Canvassing of 11 Cost effective material were

Materials considered

Work Breakdown Structure (Time Dimension)

TARGETS DURATION EARLIEST DATE LATEST DATE

(no. of days)

1. Title Proposal 6 17-March-21 23-March-21

2. Objective of the Study 3 18-March-21 20-March-21
3. Significance of the 3 19-March-21 21-March-21
 Study
4. Scope and 4 18-March-21 21-March-21

Delimitation
5. Review of Related 11 6-April-21 16-April-21

Literature and Studies

6. Introduction 3 17-March-21 19-March-21
7. Definition of Terms 2 7-April-21 8-April-21

8. Conceptual 4 13-April-21 16-April-21

Framework
9.Design and 8 9-April-21 16-April-21

Calculations
11. Canvassing of 11 16-March-21 8-April-21

Materials

Gantt Chart:

Table of Specifications:

Materials and Supplies Needed

No. Quantity Unit Specification Unit Price Total Price
1 1 Pc 24V, 20Ah 1,400 1,400
Lithium Ion
Battery
2 1 Pc 24V, 920 920
10.41Ah,
250W Motor
3 2 Pcs 10000uf, 50V 73 146
Capacitor
4 1 Pc 10A Fuse 10 10
5 1 Pc SPTT Rocker 45 45
Switch
6 1 Pc DC Power 860 860
Supply (24V,
15A UME
CCTV Led
DC
Centralized)
7 1 Box E6013 130 130
Welding Rod
8 1 Ft Metal Sheet 100 100
9 1 Ft PVC Pipe 100 100
10 1 Ft 2'x8' Flat 300 300
Sheet
11 1 Ft 10ft Steel 300 300
Tube
12 4 Pcs Caster Wheel 89 356
13 4 Ft 6ft Flat Bar 75 300
14 1 1 set Boltz and 100 100
Nuts
15 2 M Flat Cord 20 40
16 2 M 18 AWG 10 20
17 1 Pc 24V Suction 800 800
Motor
18 14 Pcs Tube brush 60 840
TOTAL: Php 6011

List of Tools and Equipment:

Tools Needed
No Quantity Unit Specification Remarks
1 2 pc Pliers Frequently Used
2 1 pc Combination Frequently Used
Wrench
3 1 pc Marker Frequently Used
4 1 pc L square Frequently Used
5 1 pc Steel Rule Frequently Used
6 6 pc Welding Mask Frequently Used
7 1 pc Welding Gloves Frequently Used
8 1 pc Safety Googles Frequently Used
9 1 pc Sheet Cutter Frequently Used
 10 1 pc Vise Grip Frequently Used

Equipment Needed
No Quantity Unit Specification Remarks
1 1 pc Welding Frequently Used
Machine
2 1 pc Drill Press Frequently Used
3 1 pc Grinding Frequently Used
Machine

Organizational Chart:
 Organizational Chart

Duties and Responsibilities

Designation Duties and Responsibilities Remarks

Formulate logical ways to accomplish the
Well
Project Leader objectives of the study and supervise the
Accomplished
fabrication process
Keep a record of all necessary Well
Secretary
documentations including purchase receipts Accomplished
Administrative Prepare the project report and other clerical Well

Staff aspects of the study Accomplished

Spearhead the fabrication of the machine and
Well
Technical Staff ensure the availability of needed tools and
Accomplished
equipment.

Total Budgetary Requirement:

Materials and Supplies Php 6011

Electricity Php 150
Faire Php 300
Unexpected Expenses Php 500
TOTAL Php 7717

Operation Procedure
 Before operation, check all parts of the machine such as attachment of motor,

attachment of machine covers, and attachment of rotating shaft to avoid any accidents.

It is also needed to check the battery status when it is the power source that will be

using. If there is a problem on the machine, fix it before operation to avoid any further

problem and to avoid accidents. After fixing the problem on the machine, the operator

can start the operation.

During operation, the following procedure needs to be followed in order to avoid

accidents and machine failure, and also to secure the safety of the operator.

1. Switch the machine to “ON” either using DC battery operated or through

Alternating current source and let it run for about 3-4 seconds before using in

order to attain the maximum speed.

2. Do not use it in a place with rocks, mud, or with visible craters to avoid brush

and motor failure.

3. Do not put your hands near the motor while the machine is running.

4. Remove the collected waste from the trash collector after using.

After operation, turn off the motor and plug out from the power source to collect

the gathered waste.

Testing Procedure

Actual testing should be done by the respondents which is the utility workers of

Camarines Norte State College. The 46 respondents are grouped into 5 groups in order

to minimize the testing process and to let them all participate in operating the Rotary

Sweeper for rough surfaces.

 Before conducting a test on the machine, prepare all the testing materials such

as; recording tools, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – gloves and aprons.

Before testing, the respondents need to wear their Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE) for their safety. Check the entire system to see if all components of the machine

are functioning well before plugging and turning on the motor. As the motor starts, let

the system run for about 3-4 seconds before using in order to reach the maximum

speed. Do not use the machine in a rocky, muddy or area with visible craters to avoid

machine failure. During testing, every event should be recorded for data gathering. After

testing, turnoff the motor and plug out from the source before collecting the trash

gathered. Since there are five (5) groups to test the machine, the machine should be

cleaned and checked before the next group operate. After all of the groups finished

testing the machine, the researchers give them the survey questionnaires to evaluate

the capability and performance of the machine.

Evaluation Procedure

This research is designed using experimental method under the quantitative research

which is a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing

statistical, mathematical, or computation techniques. Since the main purpose of this study is to

evaluate the capability and performance of the machine, using survey questionnaire that will be

given to the respondents which are the utility worker of Camarines Norte State College to

evaluate the machine. The table below shows the survey questionnaire to evaluate the set

parameters for the capability and performance of the machine. There are five (5) categories to

rate the capability and performance of the machine these are; 5 - Strongly Agree, 4 – Agree, 3 –

Neutral, 2 – Disagree and 1 – Strongly Disagree

Survey Questionnaire
5 – Strongly Agree, 4 – Agree, 3 – Neutral, 2 – Disagree, 1 – Strongly Disagree

QUESTIONS 5 4 3 2 1
1. The machine is easy to understand and easy to

operate (properly labelled).

2. The machine is safe to operate (brush, motor, and

electrical wirings are properly covered).

3. Use of standard parts.
4. Ease of maintenance.
5. Ergonomically correct (the height of the handle and

the operation of the machine reduces strain to the

worker)
6. The motor is powerful enough to remove moss,

algae, and hard to budge dirt and stains from

pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces.

7. The brush is durable enough to remove moss,

algae, and hard to budge dirt and stains from

pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces.

8. The vacuum is effective enough on collecting the

removed moss, algae, and hard to budge dirt.

9. Public acceptance (Aesthetically pleasing)
10. The machine is efficient in cleaning pavements,
         
pathways, and other rough surfaces.
11. The machine remains in good condition after

conducting actual operation.

12. The machine is durable enough to last for years.

The researchers would use the Likert Scale to evaluate the responses obtained through

the survey questionnaire. The Likert Scale is a type of scale that is used in research that makes

use of survey questionnaires that measures respondents’ attitudes towards a certain subject, in
this case the responses upon the operation of the machine. The responses will then be

evaluated by getting the weighted mean of the gathered data and the results will be analyzed

and interpreted to determine the capability and performance of the machine and to determine if

the set parameters are answered.

Weighted Mean = 5f1 + 4f2 + 3f3 + 2f2 + 1f1

f 5 + f4 + f 3 + f2 + f 1

Where:

f1 = number of respondents rated for number 5 rating

f2 = number of respondents rated for number 4 rating
f3 = number of respondents rated for number 3 rating
f4 = number of respondents rated for number 2 rating
f5 = number of respondents rated for number 1 rating

The acceptability, capability, and performance of the machine will be determined by

evaluating the result using the table below, specifically if the result of the survey questionnaires

meets the set parameters. There are five (5) categories in evaluating the result, these are; Very

Acceptable, Acceptable, Moderately Acceptable, Unacceptable, Very Unacceptable.

Table 3.13: Questionnaire Remarks (Likert Scale)

RATING RANGE REMARKS

4.21-5.00 Very Acceptable
3.41-4.20 Acceptable
2.61-3.40 Moderately Acceptable
1.81-2.60 Unacceptable
 1.00-1.80 Very Unacceptable
End Notes

Elliot, R. (2021). LIKERT SCALE EXAMPLES AND DEFINITION. Retrieved from

https://www.geopoll.com/blog/likert-scale-examples-definition/