Capital University of Science & Technology

Department of Computer Science

Fall 2019

Subject: Operating System-CS3413 Instructor: Mr. Arslan Amjad

Semester: BSCS-4-5 Total Marks: 20

Student Name: Nabil Munir Reg. #: BCS181076

Assignment No. 2
Q 1: Including the initial parent process, how many processes are created by the following program? Draw a
tree like diagram to show the number of processes.

#include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h>
int main()
{
int i;

for(i=0;i<4;i++)
fork(); return
0; }

Solution
No of processes = 2^n – 1
=2^4 – 1
= 15
Q 2: Using the following program, assume that the actual pids of the parent and child are 2600 and 2603,
respectively. Identify the values of pid at lines A, B, C, and D. (3 Marks)

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h>
int main()
{
pidt pid, pid1;
/* fork a child process */ pid
= fork();
if (pid < 0){ /* error occurred */
fprintf(stderr, "Fork Failed"); return
1;
} else if (pid ==
0)
{ /* child process */ pid1
= getpid();
printf("child: pid = %d",pid); /* A */ printf("child:
pid1 = %d",pid1); /* B */
}
else{ /* parent process */
pid1 = getpid(); printf("parent: pid
= %d",pid); /* C */ printf("parent:
pid1 = %d",pid1); /* D */ wait(NULL);
} return
0;
}

Solution

A=0

B = 2603

C = 2603

D = 2600

Q 3: What is the difference between user level thread and kernel level thread? Given scenarios below,
identify the user level thread and kernel level thread. (3 Marks)

a. Whenever you create a new tab in a web browser (i.e. Chrome, Firefox etc.)
b. A process sends a request for printing.
c. Some user enables a spelling checking in a MS-Word document.
d. A server daemon for providing some service to client on a server.

Solution
 USER LEVEL THREAD KERNEL LEVEL THREAD

User thread are implemented by users. kernel threads are implemented by OS.

OS doesn’t recognized user level threads. Kernel threads are recognized by OS.

Implementation of User threads is easy. Implementation of Kernel thread is complicated.

Context switch time is less. Context switch time is more.

Context switch requires no hardware

support. Hardware support is needed.

If one user level thread perform blocking

operation then entire process will be If one kernel thread perform blocking operation

blocked. then another thread can continue execution.

Example : Java thread, POSIX threads. Example : Window Solaris.

a) Kernel thread
b) User thread
c) User thread
d) Kernel thread

Q 4: We discussed a paradigm for cooperating processes, producer process produces information that is
consumed by a consumer process. Change the below code in such a way that producer process produce an

item and do nothing (wait) until the consumer process consume the item. Write an algorithm, no need of
coding. (3 Marks)
 Bounded-Buffer – Producer Bounded Buffer – Consumer
item next_produced; while (true) { item
/* produce an item in next produced */ next_consumed;
while (((in + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE) == out) while (true) {
; /* do nothing */ while (in == out)
buffer[in] = next_produced; ; /* do nothing */
in = (in + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE; next_consumed = buffer[out];
} out = (out + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE;

/* consume the item in next consumed */

}

Solution
The only problem with the above mentioned code is that the
maximum number of items which can be placed into buffer is
buffer size -1. One slot is unavailable because there always
has to be a gap between producer and consumer.so we will try
to overcome this deficiency by introducing a counter variable.
Q 5: There are different methods (i.e. sockets, RPC and pipes) used for inter-process communication in a
distributed environment or client-server environment. Describe the client-server process communication
using Remote Procedure Call (RPC). (4 Marks)

Solution

Client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the
providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. Often clients and
servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may reside
in the same system. A server host runs one or more server programs, which share their resources with
clients.

A remote procedure call is an interprocess communication technique that is used for client-server based
applications. It is also known as a subroutine call or a function call.

A client has a request message that the RPC translates and sends to the server. This request may be a procedure
or a function call to a remote server. When the server receives the request, it sends the required response back
to the client. The client is blocked while the server is processing the call and only resumed execution after the
server is finished.

The sequence of events in a remote procedure call are given as follows:

 The client stub is called by the client.

 The client stub makes a system call to send the message to the server and puts the parameters in the
message.
 The message is sent from the client to the server by the client’s operating system.
 The message is passed to the server stub by the server operating system.
 The parameters are removed from the message by the server stub.
 Then, the server procedure is called by the server stub.

A diagram that demonstrates this is as follows:

Q 6: Write a multithreaded program using Pthread library in C++ that calculates various statistical values
for a list of numbers. This program will be passed a series of numbers and will then create three separate
worker threads. One thread will determine the average of the numbers, the second will determine the
maximum value, and the third will determine the minimum value. For example, suppose your program is
passed the integers: (4 Marks)

90 81 78 95 79 72 85

The variables representing the average, minimum, and maximum values will be stored globally. The worker
threads will set these values, and the parent thread will output the values once the workers have exited. The
program will report

The average value is 82

The minimum value is 72
The maximum value is 95
Solution

#include<stdio.h>
#include<pthread.h>
int arr[50],n,i;

void *th()
{
int sum=0;
float average;
printf("enter your number :=");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
sum=sum+arr[i];
}
average=sum/n;
printf("The average value is:%f",average);
}
void *th1()
{

int temp=arr[0];
for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(temp>arr[i])
{
temp=arr[i];
}
}
printf("\nThe Minimum value is:=%d",temp);

}
void *th2()
{

int temp=arr[0];
for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(temp<arr[i])
{
temp=arr[i];
}
}
printf("\nThe Maximum value is:=%d",temp);
}
int main()
{
int n,i;
pthread_t t1;
pthread_t t2;
pthread_t t3;
n=pthread_create(&t1,NULL,&th,NULL);
pthread_join(t1,NULL);
//printf("\n done and my value is %d",n);
n=pthread_create(&t2,NULL,&th1,NULL);
pthread_join(t2,NULL);
 //printf("\n done and my value is %d",n);
n=pthread_create(&t3,NULL,&th2,NULL);
pthread_join(t3,NULL);
//printf("\n done and my value is %d",n);

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