American Out Evolution SUE KAY JON HIRD CERI JONES TANIA BASTOW VAUGHAN JONES AMANDA JEFFRIESMM Contents ‘Conversation © Postion of acverbiais Aspect Intonation in tag questions W Writing an email of complaint page \_Descriting conversation styles Paragraph organization Conversation calocations Word Dubaing 2 Taste {© Noun phrases. Order of adjectives. P Word stress (© Restaurant experiences page’ Frenting Word biting Coocations with tate. Agreeing and aisagreeing ety (© Hedging. Inversion after negative ana P The sound // W Writing a short article pagel limiting adveriais Linkers Describing cities. Cotcations. Text organization ‘asing emphasis 4 Story © The future as seen from the past. P Sentence stress. © The Christmas cits page i Dacourse markers in writing \V Expressions with story and tale. Decention and beiet Responding toa story ‘5 Bargain © Relative clases, Defining relative clauses Pronunciation ofthe W Wrtinganews story page20 with prepositions. Non-definng relative Features of anes tory Clauses with of Articles Paragraph organization Spending saving, and economizing. Discussing costs. 6 Mind Verbs ofthe senses. Participe clauses P ‘Stress changes in words © Tasting about stress page 24 Verbs of seeing. Cllacstions with ming. Making aporooriate requests 7 Digitat {© Complex sentences. Using medals to speculate P-Stressin compound nouns W Writing cacurive essay page28 ‘bout the future Writing an introduction Compound nouns. Coloquia expressions Using ciscourse markers Discussing imetcations 8 The law {© Paraphrasing, Using medals totaik about the P Expressing surprise © The problems of jury duty age 32 past Vocabulary ofthe courtroom. Collcations with Jaw. Formal vocabulary. Expressing suprise or isbeiet ‘9 Wignt (© Concessve clauses and adverbiais. P Contractions W ting an essay page 36 Regrets and past constionals| Using concessivesiscourse Times of cay and night. Expressions with night. markers Making ane responaing to invitations ‘WO Footprints Passive structures. Comparative structures, Stress in comparative © Backpacking in Vietnam page 20 Ecological expressions Persuasion and structures rs Woras Avoiding reptition: substitution and ells Unspoken words W ting cover eter paged New words. Getting your point across Cover letter conventions Speting ‘2 Conscience © Special uses of the simole past i Sere comermeeinee i (conkc ala page a8 Collcatons. Describing street people. Expressions with conscience,a I Conversation GRAMMAR 1 Add the adverbials in parentheses to the sentences below. Sometimes more than one position is possible. 2 Eavesdropping can get you into big trouble! (at work) Eavesdropping at work can get you into big trouble! / Eavesdropping can get you into big trouble at work! b Inada really interesting conversation with a ‘complete stranger. (recently) ¢ _ Thate people who talk about themselves al the time. (endlessly) é Toverheard the most incredible conversation ‘on the bus! (the other day) e [talk to my grandmother on the phone. {at least once a month) 1 Tiriedto call my boytriend, but he didn’t answer ‘the phone. (last night) 2 Add adverbials to the following sentences so that they are true for you. 2 love people who talk to me, (add an adverbial saying how) b_ Imeet up with my friends to relax and hang out. (add adverbials saying how often and where) ¢ Thad really long talk with my best friend, (add an adverbial saying when) 3 Rewrite the following sentences, changing the position of the adverbial in bold so that the meaning of the sentence changes. 4. Match the sentences below with the correct 1a [had really wanted my parents to meet my boyfriend earller on in the day. b Earlier on in the day, lhad really wanted my ‘parents to meet my boyfriend, 2 8 Frankly, she just didn't answer the question. 3 a. [really regretted asking Jane to come tothe party tater. > 4 a Tdjusttaik to him about it normally. > 5a Only Jack knew how to re 6 9 think she sometimes finds my obsession with neatness annoying, sentence (a or b) in each pair in Exercise 3. 1 But by the end of the afternoon, | had changed my mind. I knew it would be a huge mistake! 2. It would have been much better if she'd . told the truth. Gl 3. But by then it was too late. The invitations had been sent and there was nathing | could do about it. oO 4 But we've both been away on holiday, so | had to email him, Oo S Unfortunately, he didn't know how to speak it. Oo 6 Only sometimes? | think it annoys her pretty much all the time! Oo 5 Underline the correct form of the verb. — ‘Well, () was standing / had stood in line at the © ‘checkout in the grocery store the other day when ‘overheard a really interesting conversation. One ‘woman (2) was telling / had told another woman ‘about her boyfriend. She (3) was going / had gone on ‘and on about how wonderful he was, How he (4) was ‘always taking / had always taken care of her, cooking‘and cleaning and buying romantic gifts. | (5) was ‘beginning / have been beginning to feel jealous, when ‘Suddenly the woman's cell phone rang. “Yes, honey,” ‘she answered. “No honey, of course, honey, right away. ‘Yes, |(6) ‘ve bought /’d been buying some beer .. yes, (7) ‘ve remembered / ‘m remembering your sports ‘magazine .. no, of course I don't mind if Ben and Dan ‘come over... Yes, yes, |(B)'l be getting / "ll have got the food ready while you (9) ‘re watching / ‘ve watched ‘soccer .. No, no, don't worry, you take it easy.” "AS. always.” she added under her breath as she hung up. ‘Of course, everyone else (10) had been listening / hhad listened too, and at that point we all looked away, desperately trying to look like we (1) hadn't heard / ‘weren't hearing a word and (12) were just waiting / had Just waited to pay for our groceries. (© Listen and check. ‘There are mistakes in the sentences below. Find and correct them. 2 Who would have thought he could do such a thing? He's always bee being such 2 quiet person. been This time next week, I'l have laid on a golden beach, far away from everything if Thad been born ina different country, I might be having a completely ditterent childhood. 4. Fvenever really been understanding why some people don't enjoy traveling abroad. VOCABULARY 11 Complete the sentences with the adjectives in the box. ® ‘animated bizarre frustrating _ hilarious indepth lengthy less a Thediscussion was really animated _, with voices raised and people shouting, but in excitement, not in anger. His opening speech was We haven't laughed so much for & tong time. © Itwasso trying to explain the problem to him. Ididn't Know what else to say to make him understand, 4. The discussion we had on the future of the company was and wellresearched, and we felt that weld made some progress. € [thought the meeting was The management team clearly had no intention of listening to our arguments. Iwasa conversation, but we did eventually come to an agreement. 9 I got caught up in this totally conversation with a complete stranger. | swear, | have no idea what she was talking about! Replace the words in bold with a verb or expression ‘from the box in the correct form. « always have something to say eon the same wavelength butt in drone on andon flow getacross hog hunt aroune for ¢ He's been working on this project for such a long time. 'm glad he finally gets some recognition for it. 7 Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Use perfect, progressive, or perfect progressive verbs where possible. 2 This time next week, | b Bythe time fm 50,1 © Td been standing when ¢- Fve always wanted to know wiry, € Mylife might have been very different if £Tve spent a long time trying to. but It was really difficult to eonvey the underiying concept. _getacross _ We get along really well. We seem to share similar views and values, © The conversation was really easy and ‘comfortable anc the time flew. 4 Excuse me, |hope you don't mind me Interrupting like this. © His lectures are so boring, He just talks and talks ina monotone voice. {I don't enjoy talking to Rod. He alnays dominates the conversation and never listens to what other people have to say. 9 There was a long, embarrassing silence and was forced to think of a new topic to bring the conversation back to lite! Jose is realy interesting. He is never at a loss for words, no matter who he's talking to. Underline the correct word. 2 The ability to be tactful is @ great skill / skilled / skilifulness. She works so efficient / efficiency / efficiently with her new computer that she gets the job done =n© He's completely lacking in competence / competent / competently andcant do thejo> WRITING property. Writing an email of complaint 4 I'm looking for ajob where | can fulfillment / fulfil / fulfilling my ambition to write. Paragraph organization Its very satistaction / satistying / satisfied when people congratulate you on making 300d Read the review below for a restaurant that has just 4 presentation. opened. Then answer these questions: {He doesn't have any consideration / consider a What kind of food does it serve? considerate for anyone else, he ust does what he What is the atmosphere like? wants and expects © Isit expensive? feryone to go along with him. Do you think getting that report finished by five ck (s really achievement / achievable / unachievable? Restaurant 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the it! Of the Week thinks about the needs of the people around her. Lae Cs moves b really don't think your work is. You're going to have to make much more of an effort if you hope to pass the exam. (satisfy) _Itreally is one of the most jobs I've ever had. I's great to see the students making 0 much progress. (fulfill s ~ 4 Your son's worked hard this semester and should BAR ~TAPAS~ feel very proud of his cechieve) | pea aR a © The shortage of workers is a big ee problem right now. (kil) f That'srote very way ot fyou haven't been to Casa Paco working. I'm sure you could do the job much faster. yet, then you don't know what you're (efficiency) missing. This cozy little tapas bar has 9 He'savery river Hell have no Just opened on East Sth Street. It Is problem getting his license, (competence set out like a farmhouse kitchen, with PRONUNCIATION simple pine furniture, traditional Spanish earthenware, and a huge fire blazing in D}) 1 Ovotistento the same sentence being said twice Goce Db LDaree reese ich sent i tone, an - Which sentence (a or 6) is said ina normal tone. ané— ancy friendly, and the clentele a mixture which is said in an angry tone? Write N for normal Q) ened toranary of students, young professionals, and 2 You forgot to do the laundry fiends of the Spanish couple who runs You forgot to do the laundry. the place. The menu offers an incredibly 2 © Listen to the sentences. Does the speaker use WiCle selection of dishes, ranging from Pa) _tarmal tone oran anary tone? Write Wor normal ClOSSC fortllos to the exquisite daily ‘and A for angry. specials conjured up on the spot by ‘2 This place is mess! Paco and his wife, Laura. @Q)) > Could youturn that down, please? | guess you'd rather watch TV, huh? Are you going to put those away? 4 Idon't want to disturb you or anything f Let's discuss this later, N 3 Usten again and repeat the sentences. Use an angry tone or a normal tone.2 You were so impressed by the review that you decided to book a table at Casa Paco for a surprise birthday party for a very close friend, The evening was a total disaster. Look at the list below and ‘choose four or five of the problems to describe your evening. «= half the dishes on the menu were unavailable «the waiters were surly + the service was incredibly siow «the restaurant was crowded ‘+ you had to wait half an hour for your table ‘+ you were expected to share a table with another group of people ‘* some of the dishes were cold by the time they arrived on the table it was very expensive definitely overpriced! The quality of the food Is superb, a difficult task with such an amazing range of delicacies to prepare. We tried more than fifteen dishes between us, each one better than the last. The shellfish is so fresh you can still smell the ocean, the meat Is succulent and done to a turn, and the desserts are quite something to behold. It can get really busy on weekends, but the staff is never flustered, and it's always service with a smile. Maybe the secret lies in the smooth Latin sounds playing softly in the background. All this for the price of your average pizza. If you'te looking for a new eating experience, head for Casa Paco. You won't be disappointed! 3 Youare going to write an email of complaint to ‘the magazine the review appeared in, Before you do, read an email written by another angry reader, complaining about a recent review printed in the ‘same magazine, and answer these questions. 2 What was the review for? b Whyis the writer of the email so angry? SS] Dear Editor, Having recently read a rave review in your magazine for the latest John Howard movie, I immediately called my local movie theater ‘and booked three tickets for myself and two friends. We were looking forward to a great evening, but I'm sad to say that we were grievously disappointed. Your reviewer had described the movie as a “fun-packed adventure story" and we had gone in the hope of taking our minds off the stresses and strains of a hard week at work. It turned out that the movie was far from light- hearted. The plot was depressing - the story of a young man fighting a life-threatening disease, the movie itself long and very slow- moving, and the ending was one of the saddest I've ever seen. In brief, the review was totally misleading. The movie itself is very good, but I would ‘only recommend it for those looking for a real tear-jerker, I'm sorry to say that after such an ‘awful experience I don’t think I'l ever be able to trust your reviews again. I suggest you take more care in the future or you will lose more loyal readers like myself. Yours disappointedly, Rob Walters 4 Inwhich paragraph (1-3) is the writer 2 referring to the future? contrasting the movie and the review? © explaining the reason for writing the letter? & 5 Follow the paragraph structure in the model email above and write your own email of complaint to the magazine about their restaurant review, Read the ‘email again and underline any useful language that you think you could use in your email. You should write approximately 200 words.a) Taste GRAMMAR d-_ her ceramic exquisite hand-painted bow! 1. Underline ail the noun phrases in this text which © alarge red shiny apple have three words or more. We had a great dinner. Lucy cooked for us, and 1 half’ dozen bive speckled tiny quail egas she's a fantastic cook, We started with some great litle smoked salmon canapés. They were absolutely 4 Bchina new beautiful tea set delicious! Then we had some cold cucumber soup and tiny litte fingers of crisp toast. The main course was incredible; you really should have seen it. She brought ‘out a tray of fresh lobsters and served them with a very simple green salad. thought | couldn't possibly feat any more, but when she brought out the dessert, ‘a home-made chocolate mousse, it was just too good toresist! ba typical regional dish from your town 4) Write detailed descriptions of the following things. Use at least three adjectives each time. 2 something you ate for breakfast today Reorder these words and phrases to form complex the last thing you had to drink noun phrases that describe ditterent types of drinks. 2 piping hot / straight trom the pot / coffee / a cup 4: Your terlle contort food of / strong a.cup of strona piping hot coffee straight @. ‘Glindol food yourealy dont enioy from the pot. citrus /a mixture of / with just a touch of lemon / pices /tongy {the dish you most enjoy cooking 9. Something your mother cooks © anda slice of lemon / water / with a couple of fresh mint leaves / ice-cold / glass of 6 Tulbfat/ straight trom the refrigerator /a glass of J milk / fresh ehot/on top/a steaming cup of / with a dollop of ‘cream / chocolate 3) Write the words in italics in the correct order. Zed) atubot vaniila ice cream with chocolate dark delicious flakes delicious dark chocolate abou! of bean Mexican spicy soup ¢ _thesmell of black italian strong coffee feS Rewrite the sentences, fronting the words in bold She looked up from her tosee that the platform had cleared and her train had departed. The restaurant had a very smopolitan and a lively atmosphere. He punched the address into the 4 sat back in the driver's seat, and thought of the long trip ahead. € They looked in dismay at the fuel gauge as the car slowly to a halt on the side of the road The man walked up to me, a letter into my hand, and then rushed away, Replace a word or phrase in each sentence with a word or phrase trom the box. x batter blared out exquisite Remey pricey thriving ‘2 Therrain came down and washed the dust away. Down came the it away. b The sound of raised voices could be heard in the kitchen. ¢ Haifa dozen fishing boats were bol the water. The name of the restaurant was The Western Isle e Thebestwords todescribeltarehomey. simple. 2 and down-to-earth. +The days of peace and harmony were long gone. 9 We didn't really know what had happened. bh Wehhagno idea when she'd be coming back PRONUNCIATION Look at the words in the box. Write them alongside the appropriate stress pattern. The first one has been done a for you 7 Cauitiower convenience eritm —aeicious | exquisite Intrcate —micromave retreating selection strawberries vegetables © O00 cauliftoner » Oon oOn a © 0s Listen and check. VOCABULARY 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ‘You may need to make some changes to the verbs. aw chug clientele GPS reverie thriving thrust, 2 What had once been a_thriving fishing community was now just a collection of abandoned cottages. 2 It's simple, comfortable, and informal restaurant run by 3 family, _homey The food was fantastic ~ perfectly cooked and beaut ully presented, ur meal was spoiled by the music which played loudly from a loudspeaker above our table That restaurant's way t 4 expensive. Let's find somewhere else to eat. He runs a successful restaurant just outside Rome. The shrimp was coated in a mixture of flour, milk, and egg whites, and then deep fried3 @ Match the sentence beginnings (a-t) with their endings (1-6). | think he's got great taste in clothes; | think that joke was in very bad taste; It's a place with something forall tastes, Fresh fruit from Brazil has so much taste; The main course was very tasty but ‘Tm not quite sure about the taste; it's ajay to go shopping at the markets there it was offensive and certainly not funny. maybe it needs a little more garlic he always looks so stylish and elegant where the entire family will ind something to do. | was disappointed with the dessert 4 Complete the sentences with words formed from taste 2 Ourmeal in that new restaurant was awful The food was completely tasteless. b The choice of colors was very It was obvious that whoever owned the house had 2 good eye for colors. ¢ The beer festival normally starts very seriously, with everyone the ditferent beers, {and commenting on them, 4 I thought the whole wedding ceremony was | mean, who in their right mind would have a priest dressed as Elvis Presiey? Use one word to complete the sentences. The first letter has been given to help you. We both apologized to each other later, but the incident lett ab__ad_ taste in my mouth. b Black olives are defintely an 2 taste. | didn't ike them as a chil, but | love them now. € I get along really weil with my new roommate. We s the same taste in everything! 4 I don't understand people who listen to rock music first thing in the morning. But | uess there's no a for taste! ie 4). a Ruby: Tom: Ruby: Tom: Ruby: Tom: Ruy: Jo: Greg: Jo: Jack Ella: Jack: Ela © 06 Listen and check. Underline the best alternative in the conversations a a x Have you heard? Jo's thinking about quitting her job. ())I guess you're right. / That can't be right! | was talking to her the other night and she seemed really happy with her job. (2) That may be, but / | know, it's awful, sie told me that she and Greg are going to open a restaurant. We went to Jo and Greg's new restaurant last right. ‘And? Well, | hate to say it, but the service was really slow and the food was terrible! (3) I rest my case. / | know, it's awful, isn't It? We went a couple of nights ago and | was really embarrassed for them, ‘The customers have been complaining about the service again. They say it’ really slow. But (4) that's garbage! / | quess you're right! We're all working as quickly as we can and no ‘one's had to wait more than about ten minutes. Well. (5) I think you'll find that / that may be, bbut the couple in the corner has been waiting ‘or more than half an hour. This is one of the worst restaurants I've ever been to! (©) Ob, | don't know, / I quess you're right, the staff is friendly and the decor’s nice .. Ah, here's the fish .. Oh, no, it's cold! ‘Ang i's only halt-cookea! (7) That's garbage! / [rest my case! (2) I quess you're right. / No way!LISTENING ‘© 07 Cover the listening script onthe right and listen to four stories about people's experiences in restaurants. Then choose an appropriate title for each one. 2 Open allhours > Aquiet night out? ‘ A fishy tale A free lunch | ___ 2 Listen again. in which story is there: GR) = tesstot mitatenicentty? > aniliness? € violent incident? a generous gesture? eee 3. Which stories might these sentences come from? > 2 Its great to see you. You know, Luis was ‘asking about you. He was wondering if you were still working on that translation Project. 1b Don't worry. | eat here all the time. Let me order. € I've had enough of this 'm not going to stand for it any longer! 1d. There are some drinks behind the bar and the music is by the stereo, Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ‘You will need to use some of them more than ance. aon to up 2 Heinsisted___ ordering, b- Imallergic shellfish, © Inoticed a couple waving __me. He put ___asspecial night for us. © Asthe evening went __, we all started dancing {At twelve o'clock Juan came over__me. 9 He asked us to lock everything __ when we lett. bh Hestarted shouting | Heended with his face in my soup. the waiter. Check your answers in the listening script. 1. Onur first date, my boyfriend took me toa really ‘ancy restaurant. Clearly wanting to impress me, he insisted on ordering, so said fine, but warned him not to order anything with shellfish in it 'm allergic to it. thought fd made myself perfectly clear about this ‘and that he knew what he was ordering, but obviously the didn't. An hour later I was in an ambulance being rushed to the hospital. | could hardly breathe. My boyfriend looked rather embarrassed, sitting by my ‘side holding the oxygen mask to my face. 2 Iwas in arestaurant with my wife one evening and | ‘couldnt help noticing a couple waving at me from a different table. Eventually the man came over, said hello, and started talking about something | knew ‘nothing about. He then said. “Goodbye, Pablo." and ‘sat back down at his table. We finished our meal and asked for the check. The waiter told us that the man at the other table, who'd since left, had paid it for us. !m ‘absolutely certain Id never met him before in my life. 3. 1used to lve inthis litle village in Mexico, and each Friday my friends ang | would go down to the port to ‘eat at our favorite restaurant. The owner, Juan, was 2 ‘great guy, and when I told him my friend was coming ‘over from the US, he said he'd put on a special night ‘for us. And he certainly did. It was amazing, and the food was out of this worid, As the evening went on, all started dancing, and when it got to twelve o'clock, Juan came over to me.| thought he was going to us to leave, but instead he gave me the keys to the restaurant and told me we could stay as long as we liked as long as we didn't forget to lock everything up! 4 We were sitting in a restaurant in Miami when we noticed three quys at the next table who were ‘obviously getting frustrated because the service was ‘50 slow. Suddenly, one of them stood up and started ‘shouting at the waiter and telling him to hurry up with his food. The waiter answered back rather rudely and ‘the next minute everything went crazy. One of the ‘guys ran into the kitchen and started a fight with a ‘chef and the other two began fighting with the waiters. ‘twas like something out of @ cowboy movie, with bodies flying everywhere! Finally one of the chefs, ‘came fying across our table and ended up with his ‘face in my soup. The crazy things, they still made us pay the check and we weren't even offered a discount.a City GRAMMAR Complete the sentences by choosing two possible answers from the box. ‘appear appears believed evidence hardly any little proof proved recognized seem seems shown . 2 it__appears _/__seems that the population of many modern industrialized cities is beginning to decline. b There is 1 doubt ‘tat in the future we wil have to take radical action to contral traffic congestion in our cities. itis generally L that living incites with @ population of over a million people can be detrimental to our health, There is tittle 1 that the levels of toxic pollution in the major cities in the US are beginning to deciine. € itwould 1 that ‘the changes in weather patterns could endanger large urban populations in lowrlying land areas due to the rise in sea level. f Ithas been 1 that prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer, Rewrite these sentences using the words in parentheses. ‘2 Smoking can lead to cancer. (no doubt) ‘There is no doubt that smoking can lead to cancer. 'b Scientists in many countries believe that climate ‘change is the greatest challenge facing our society, (widely) ¢ There is evidence to suggest that the rate of population growth in China is beginning to decrease. (appears) 4 There is a general feeling that people believe ‘governments are not doing enough about global ‘warming. would seem) Complete the negative and limiting edverbial phrases — Inthe sentences below using no. not oven.) a2 theteacertoidthem natn” no"-account were they to leave the school premises. b after a long wait did we finally get to hear the results of the tests. © We were told that under circumstances were we to use our ceil phones. even in summer are there so many tourists to be seen in the town. until ne ett college adhe really appreciate how much he'd enjoyed being a student. f In__other world capital wil you find the same incredible mix of nationalities. 9 ‘once in the whole time | knew him did he ever make a mistake in judgment. h after spending a few months here will you Understand how this city survives Complete the adverbial phrases with the words inthe — box. @& ‘after after barely never only rarely seldom sooner realized how much !loved the city only after__Ihadlettit. b Wenad no. house than our troubles began. © Thellocal people were not Us, but they also ignored the children moved in to our new rude to d Wehad. ‘imagined that people could be so hostile. € We made our first friend only, two months. 1 Wevery ‘saw him, however, and life was stil lonely 9 The children had. been so quiet betore. We decided to go back to the city. We had put up a "For Sale” sign when the people began to be friendly towards ust (© 0s Listen and check. oS Rewrite the sentences from Exercise 4 so that they VOCABULARY begin withthe adverbial phrases you completed. (NP. onivatterthadlefe the city did realizehow_ 1 Matchtthe adjectives +) with their opposites (1-6). much loved it. haphazard 1 modest mm » > tacky 2 unimpressive - bustling 3. organizes . 4 soaring 4 stylish © Imyourtace —S_sleepy 1 awerinspiring 6 lowrise . Sa 3 . - 2 Underline the one word in each group which does not _“@™> : collocate with the adjective. & haphazard: arrangement magazine re system 3 Cin tatty clothes decorations meeting € bustling: family. marketplace streets ps soaring: noses mountain tops, oftce buldings € imyourface: celebrities talk fashions awerinspiring: performance sight vilage PRONUNCIATION 3. Complete the sentences with adjectives from Exercises 1 and 2 w 1 Look at the sentences below. Underine all the examples ofthe - ‘sound /9/. — eee ee (Rp Mts beauty is not as awe inspiring > aia Everyone se a= [W LONDON F< > fermnesenstosaycutice, cai hd a as though some unariten law forbade sleeping before dawn. © Youre constantly jostled by hawiers and hordes of tourists 4 Youcan tind pockets of another time, such as an old wooden house, a Kimono shop, ofa smal inn © Yount even see an old lady in 2 tractonaloress sneeping the sidenalkoutsice ner home with 8 forte 4 thin he pasic savers some people buy on {It's the city’s hyperactive rush that really draws vacation are really __tacky _ the people nee ©) With is 24-hour cute centered on gambling . and entertanment ts neon signs a ts brash (OD ovrristen and eneck nature, Las Vegas is one ofthe wor’ most cies . 2 Look at the words in the box. Cross out the ones that € Arriving in Hong Kang harbor, you're immediately mw don't contain the sound struck by the skyscrapers \ that stretch a Taras the eye cane — i ky fs Tite ae wth people er a vatn forte rocesion oar ected _ saat Theat planned the new one-way system ina very ay he geting lost ~~ and having to ask for directions. H) @voListen and check {The fst sight ofthe Andes on 2 lear days =4 Replace the expressions in bold with the expressions ln the box. Make any necessary changes to the expressions. & fall prey to live on top of each other put a finger on something tomakewayforanew work its magic 2 They knocked down the old stadium in order to put a shopping mail in its place tomake way for anew shopping mall [could never quite understand what he sav in her. ¢ They were a family of eight and they were all ‘crammed in together in 3 small two-bedroom apartment. became a vietim of the charms of the street ‘vendors with their beautiful silk scarves and silver jewelry. _Tarrived tired and stressed after an eventful trip, but as sat by the lake, the view of the sun setting ‘on the water helped me relax. 'S_ Solve the anagrams (a-q) and then match them with the definitions (1-7). @w @ treetsrfeporsmre _street performers _4_ 5 hee tou raoeg tar rang ta vihdnal ctasreie conveniently places where you can get food ‘aloud and protracted complaint ‘musicians who play or sing on the street to go and see what something's tke to watch, look at, or stare at someone to eat an enormous amount of food Sousuns ‘Ad6 do, does, or did to the sentences below. Change the verbs in the original sentences it necessary. did enjoy 2 [really enjoyed the movie lastnight. t's one of the best movies Ive ever seen Youre right about the new stadium. I looks alittle bit out of pace. {© Shopping malls ar fine it you're looking for convenience, but | think loca street markets are much more interesting 7 4. Our neighbors are really friendly, but they make a lot of noise sometimes! € Myelementary schoo! was really small, but it had {an enormous sports field. 1 Myoffice is a mess. It really needs a good, thorough reorganization. Write the words in the correct order. 2 aboutiit/Ilove most / The thing / is / the dome /. The thing | love most about it is the dome. othe sunlight / i's / love / that / it reflects / the way that / “ ¢ from the tower /are / What / the spectacular views / also lke / 4 Youhave to /is that / One thing// pay to/ don't like / go inside the cathedral / swaying in the wind / I's / with / the square /its palm trees / love / that /. 1 is/1really ike / there's always / the fact that 7 What / 8 cool ocean breeze /. Write three sentences about a place you particularly like. a Thething| What! © itsthex WRITING 1 Writing a short article Linkers Text organization Read the following text and choose the best discourse marker. Hosting the Olympics® is extremely expensive. ) Furthermore, / However, / On the other hand, it can ruin the local environment. 2) Despite / For Instance, / But greenfield sites and woodlands can be lost to urban development, which means that local residents’ quality of life may be diminished. (G) In addition, / Although / On the other hand, it ‘can provide a boost to the local economy, generating jobs and trade. (4) Hewever, / Despite / In addition, the effects can be all too temporary, leaving a city with unwanted installations and a huge debt to pay. (5) Nonetheless, / What's more, / For example, with ‘careful forward planning, most of these problems can be avoided. Look atthe list of changes that can occur in a city ‘when it hosts the Olympic Games. 2 Decide whether you think their effect will be long term LT) or shortterm (ST). Decide which ofthe changes are benefits (+) and which are drawbacks (-) ‘An increase in pollution andtrash [ST] Improved sports installations fa More jobs inthe construction industry. Good publicity for the city O Improved roads and airports [3 Temporary accommodation facilities {An increase in traffic congestion More faites for parking cars Massive increase in numberof visitors Aan increase in local trade Security problems Read the following task. ‘Your city (ora city near you) has made a bid for the Olympic Games which has been met with ‘mixed reactions. You have been asked to write ‘short article for your local English-language ‘newspaper defending the bid. Your article should ‘cover the following points: hy the city would make a good venue the construction work that would be necessary the disruption to normal ives during the games ‘conclusion: the long-term and short-erm benefits for the city Look at the sentences below. Which point in the task in Exercise 3 could they be used to support? 2 Allin all, | think we should welcome the ‘chance to host the games Curiously there has been some hostility towards the city’s bid to hast the Olympics. Although it will entail some upheaval in the short term... However. the long-term benefits far ‘outweigh the short term disruption .. In addition, we will need to upgrade the present infrastructure as well as There will inevitably be some disruption to everyday lives. However, .. New roads will obviously be needed, as wil. {and in addition itis perfectly located .. ‘Make brief notes on your ideas under the four headings. 1 why the city would make a good venue the construction work that would be necessary the disruption to normal lives during the games ‘conclusion: the long-term and short-term benefits for the city 6 Write your article using your notes and the useful ‘expressions from Exercises 1 and 4, You should write ‘approximately 250 words.Id Story 2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in GRAMMAR mw parentheses so the meanings are similar. 2 We intended to leave way before dark, but we completely lost track of time. (going) 1 Underline the correct alternative. 2 We were on the point of leaving / to leave when q they finaly arrived We __were qoing to leave way before dark but we completely lost track of time. y » Susan had almost given up hope when the doorbell rang. (verge) Susan when the doorbell rang, © We wanted to set off by 5:30 p.m, but it was closer to 6:30 pm. by the time we finally let. The president was have opened / to have when Helena came into the room. his behalf. | always feared Id been thinking to drive / of driving to San in my choice of career. Francisco, but | took the train instead. Thad planned to pay her a visit, but she had gone to her sister's for the day. (going) ro but she had gone to her sister's for the day. 3 Complete the sentences about events or situations in your lite C 2 Iwas once going to but b The other day, | was just about to, when © Hernandez was on the verge of signing / to sign with the Red Sox, but an eleventh-hour bid from the Yankees was too lucrative to resist. {Play was resuming / to resume at 1:30 p.m. but at twenty past, the heavens opened yet again. ) thing, but immeralis anather” main stress in two different places. Check (/) the Molly gave a sheug. "Tm realy sentence in which things happened as planned, and nt so sure about Nicola's story. Sounds lke just ut a cross (7) next to the sentence In which things (2 didn’t happen as planned. Ay the kind of thing she would have made up to - 2 | was planning to arrive at six. impress Harry: sianning’ b Iwas planning to arrive at six. There was something about the whole setup. He tried tothinkhimselfintoa «2. @ Listen tothe pars of sentences and put a detective trame of mind. What would Sheriock check () or eross 0) according to whether things (>) Holmes doin the circumstances? happened as expected or nat. Match the adectives (2g) from Exerese 2 with 21 Wewere planning to surprise es. ] words (-7) with similar meaning. ii We were planning to surprise her. |) 1 onic Z 2 naive O 3 dubious 4 dishonest 5 credible 6 streetwise 7 disloyal Here are some ways of responding to a story or something you hear. Match the beginnings (a-a) with the endings (7). | Iwas hoping we'd be having pizza, Ii Las hoping we'd be having pizza ] 2 Ohno. What a 1 wow! J b Fmnot 2 you! ¢ | We expected him to get an A ] c Whata 2 _reten li. We expected him to get an A. ] 6 Idon't 4 awful q « Unty S smpbed 4 | You were supposed to dress up. a © iitinael ih Youwere supposed to dress up. ] 9 On, 7 blame yout © | The plane was due to arrive at 3:30 p.m. ] Rae ll The plane was due to arrive at 3:30pm. [] ; 1 Ithought he's be ate. g li. I thought he's be late. ] Write appropriate responses, using five of the expressions trom Exercise 4. More than one Listen again and repeat. expression is appropriate in some cases. 2 A: Tom’s house was broken into last night. | think they took a lot. 8 How awful A: Sarah borrowed my camera and left it on the bus. m absolutely furious with her. 8 would be, too. © A: How was the flight? Br Don't ask! There was a last-minute delay and we spent six hours in the departure lounge. A dA: Hey, quess who won $1,000 in the lottery last night? imea @& LISTENING 1 © 18 Cover the listening script on the right and listen to a short story adapted from The Gift of the ‘Magi by the American author 0. Henry. Answer the questions. 2 Who are the two main characters? What is the relationship between them? ¢ What are their most prized possessions? 4 What Christmas gifts did they buy for each other? LUsten again. Number the events below in the order they are mentioned in the story. 2 Della remembered how she and Jim saw some combs in a store window. Jim sold his watch. Della decided to sell her hal. Della bought a gold watch chain for Jim. Jim came home from work that evening. Della gave Jim his gift. Jim opened his gift. Jim gave Della her oitt. Della opened her git. Did the events take place in the same order as they ‘are described in the story? Read the story and find words or phrases that mean: collect or gather dark red put on carelessly walked determinedly apiece of hair valued greatly gave quick look shaking nervously moved clumsily ‘The Christmas Gifts Della so wanted to get her husband Jim something ‘special for Christmas, but the few cents she'd ‘managed to scrape together weren't going to go very far. ‘As she stood in front of the mirror, her beautiful, ong auburn hair hanging over her shoulders, she ‘had an idea. She flung on her coat and marched ‘out onto the street. She stopped in front of a door which bore a sign saying "Hair Goods of All Kinds.” ‘She pushed the door open and walked in. “will you buy my hair?” asked Della. “Twenty dollars. Will that do you?” said the old lady. Della nodded, fighting back the tears as the first lock fell to the floor. But once she had the money in her hand, the smile returned to her face. ‘She knew exactly what she was looking for. The one possession that Jim prized above all others was a ‘gold pocket watch that had been his father’s and his grandfather's before him, but it had no chain. And. Della wanted to buy him a simple gold chain to hold this precious watch. She handed over the twenty. dollars, wrapped the chain up safely and set off for home. ‘On her way, she stopped to look in the window of her favorite store. It sold antique knick-knacks and there in the window lay a set of beautiful hair ‘combs. She and Jim had stopped here the other d. to admire them. He told her that the combs would have looked beautiful against the dark red of her hair. Della caught a glimpse of her reflection in the ‘window. What would Jim say? She was sure he'd forgive her once he saw his gift. And anyway, she thought her hair looked OK in its new, boyish style. ‘That evening she felt excited, and when she heard Jim's footsteps. she ran to the door. The look on hhis face when he saw her was a hundred times ‘worse than anything she could have expected. His face crumpled and he reached out his hand, saying "Your hair.” ‘She ran towards him, crying and apologizing, “Jim, ''m sorry, | sold it to buy you a gift. Look!” and she thrust the tiny package in his hand. He, at the same time, reached into his pocket and held out a small Package of about the same size. "My darling, of course | love you, with or without ‘your hair it's just that | bought these for you ‘They both took the small, simply wrapped gifts from each other's trembling hands. Della opened hers, ‘There in her hand lay the combs. “Oh, my love.” she whispered, “They're beautiful, ‘but don't worry, my hair'll grow. Go ahead, open your gift...” His hands fumbled on the paper as he pulled out tthe gold chain, and his mouth shaped itself into a ‘sad smile. “Don't you like it?” she asked anxiously. “it's perfect.” he said. “But it's just that ... sold my watch this evening .. to buy the combs!” Pre [aa Bargain GRAMMAR Underline the correct alternative in these news @e = LOWER POWER ‘Aorist in Chicago is offering bunches of dead roses ‘wrapped in black paper for jilted lovers to send to their ‘exes. The owner says the inspiration forthe idea was her boyfriend, she spit up with ast month / whom she split up with last month, SECURITY RISK A shoplifter was given a sirweek jal sentence by @ court in Nebraska yesterday afte he removed a security tag from an item of dothing and tied to walk out ofthe store with it 50 it couldn't be used as evidence. “It's not something 'm proud of / of 'm proud,” Paul Gracia, 26, said ashe left the court. itis the ith shoplifting offense of which Gracia hhas been convicted / which Gracia has been convicted. COUNTING ON THE MONEY ‘A woman from Michigan, whom Dracula and vampires have been a life-long obsession for / for whom Dracula, and vampires have been a life-long obsession, has set up ‘company which imports and sels coffins from Transylvania. ‘The company sel five cifferent products, the most popular ‘of which is painted blood red / of the most popular which is painted blood red. HITTING THE JACKPOT ‘A man whom the local golf club was a second home or for whom the local golf club was a second home, _and who bought his wife a lottery ticket only to stop her ‘complaining, has won the $500,000 jackpot, And what is the lucky Mr. Stein going to treat himself to first? "There's «anew set of cubs for I've been saving up//ve been saving up for,” he sid Informal. 2 This isthe store from which | got my camera. This is the store | got my camera from. Isthis the hotel in which we stayec last year? Rewrite the sentences to make them more formal or @ © Jois someone you can always rely on. arrested for. € The person to whom you need to speak is not here right now. 1 Are they the people Scott went on vacation with? Which of the tweive sentences in Exercise 2 are formal (F) and which are informal (1)? o Rewrite the sentences as one sentence using & non-defining relative clause. » 2 He ears about $200 a week. He spends most o it CA) on computer games. - He earns about § 200 a week, most of which he spends on computer games. nave afew riends in California. Most of them ive ines Angeles ¢ We made a lot of food for the party. Most of it didn't get eaten. 4. There are eight Ivy League colleges in the USA. The oldest is Harvard. ¢ Wehave exams all next week. The first exam is math,5 _ Underline the two correct alternatives inthe w sentences. Fm going to the work / fice / bed / mall b William's not here. He's at store / gym / home / school ''m going to theater / work / school / gym later Let's meet outside library / Tom's house / Caté Coce / café at 7:30 pm. Alex is at the eaté / bed / home / movies. {dhe to work for the police / education / medicine / government. @ [don't lke the Brahms's music / music of Brahms / Brahms's 4 Symphony / Brahms you were playing last night. When did you leave party / home / schoo! / mall? | ve always loved the paella / paella for tunch / paella in this restaurant / paella my mother makes. Fill in the blanks with a/an, the, or ~ (no article). south of Porto Alegre. bb Weusually have ___lunch at home, but we're ‘going out for __ surprise birthday lunch for my mom today. © [hardly ever go anywhere by _bus. In fact. last went on _bus about a year ago d We put off the party unti!___next weekend because that's__ weekend my brother and his. family are visiting us. © [buy things on___ internet all the time. | think internet shopping is tantastic. 1 Ihope that one day we have_ world without crime or violence or wars. One day we might have __ world peace. 9 People say__ French often criticize foreigners who don't speak __ French, but Ihave never found that to be true. PRONUNCIATION Look at the sentences below. Decide whether the is usually pronounced as /09/ or i. a The TV remote control is on the table. {s the umbrella in the hallway? This is the oldest building in the city Don't use the printer. The ink’s running out. ‘The ice rink is next to the park. Just before the college building. ‘The exam’s on the 8, In the afternoon, The movie was great. The scene at the end was amazing 2 live in the_south of Brazil, in a small town VOCABULARY 1 ‘expressions connected with money. Then use these expressions to complete the sentences. Combine wasn doc Awin ae nso tomate (@) x down fancy impute make sop 8 around bay do meal payment 4 eat ator anew pa ofan. nove to rake do with tes lf ones owl b> itsaweysa good idea to and compare prices before you buy anything. I've never even worn this pink and orange shirt. Iwas an. last summer, | thought it looked cool atthe time. 4. Hey let's celebrate the end of the year with a at that new restaurant, € Ifyou can't afford to pay in full, you can abways make a ot, say, 10% to reserve the item, Write true answers to the questions, 2 Have you ever overspent on something? What was it? When did you last have a fancy dinner? Do you generally live within your means? 4. Name something that in your opinion is generally, overpriced, ¢ Name something that in your opinion is exorbitantly priced. {Have you ever made an impulse buy? What was it? cc3 Look at this extract from a radio show and complete 4 Complete the expressions using the words in the box. inhat Steve says withthe correc form ofthe phrasal @ verbs athe bar com frie off robbery theres come trough cutback getaround getby | ‘My accounts aways in heen etna veon. payot! runup geting overdraft fees for beng overran, saveup pinout Altes ow ne aitnes re prety inexpensive, bu he serie i iterewers_ As ort of ur festure onstuaer prety bad. foo ny experience weretaking abou money Mithme fist Fly dla for tha What rip Of todays Steve, wh ist radtes Is ot woth tent. 1s cove trom allege Sa Steve how si eng 8 susent hese dys nancy spessing? Complete the conversations by choosing the best, Steve: Wel ts ot eet mean ityour aiternatne @ parents cn ator you » ne . () __get into _ debt before you've oe tneleys ja these dev coandhried Youn yl epertioe 8 Get anew job Or start spending less job, but it really isn’t enough to (2) broke / thrifty / frugal SEER TOUNMETOECTEAR yg There are some ort bargains in that cant bhi maybe eves Desrow From) clothing store on Market Street. Most things other eaiesandtake ot tar, S0 oe * Steet Mos most students have (3), ——_"™ von more gets by inline ay Great. try and get ere ater oraduate short of mene / affordable iscounted Intervene: And was tha he cae fr you? WA: somes Sulandercxwoancr Steve: Wet, started of spenaing without thinking, you know, (4) con this and that. But | soon realized that | was going to have to (5) fon much, much less each week. Also, | originally thought I'd be able to © to.go away during summer vacation, but that was never going to happen. So, what did you do to start ‘economizing? I started @) ‘on what | spent by, say, Buying supermarket brands, buying things in bulk, not going cout so much, and that kind of thing. {And I brought my old bike from home so! could (8). without Using public transportation, And how did you do? Well, just about managed, although | have to say that my parents (9) ‘occasionally with financial help. My college days were fantastic, but it was hard having no money. '™m working full-time now, but 1'm still 0) my credit cards, Interviewer: Steve: ® Listen and check. B: Amazing - increcibly | hate to think how much it cost, exorbitant / lavish / generous dA: What's that new restaurant tke? Not bad. And pretty, too. ‘discounted / budget / affordable © Ar Should we try that new restaurant tonight? B: heart's alitie Maybe we should save it for a special occasion. overpriced / affordable / no-frills, 1 Ar Itcost $300 to fix my computer. B: How much? That's : It should've been a hundred at the absolute most. lavish / upscale / exorbitant 9A: How can you travel abroad for so long on so litte money? B: Youhave to be ~ cheap hotels, get the bus instead of the tran, and eat cheaply. frugal / affordable / lavish