Independent University, Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Obtained Marks:

Course ID : ETE 322L / ETE312L

Course Section : 1

Experiment No : 01

Experiment Name : Study on amplitude modulation and demodulation

Date of Experiment: 01/04/2021

Date of Submission: 28/04/2021

Semester : Spring 2021

Name of Lecturer : Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Details of the Author

Student’s Name : hasib Ahmed chowdhury

Student ID : 1

Summary:
Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L)_Spring 2021 Department of EEE (IUB)

Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

The objective for the experiment is to study amplitude modulation (AM) and demodulation and
understand the modulation index of the AM. Amplitude of high frequency carrier signal is changing in
accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of baseline signal, this phenomenon is known as AM.
Utilizing AM, the experiment generated baseline signal and observed three cases (i) under modulation
(ii) 100% modulation and (iii) over modulation (pace reversal). They were then demodulated
generating five graphs in total adding the baseline signal and demodulation graph. We can get the AM
signal using the baseband signal and multiplying it with the career signal.

To generate amplitude modulated signal, firstly a DC signal is added with a sinewave and then
multiplied with the career signal to generate the amplitude modulated signal. For the experiment we
used adder module, the multiplier module, taking signals from the variable DCV, which should provide
the DC signal. The AC signal was taken from the master signal block. A 2 kHz sinewave was used as the
low frequency base band signal, and the 100 kHz sinewave was used as the higher frequency career
signal.

Changes were made to the control knobs to get efficient output. The G and g knobs were turned fully
anticlockwise. The VDC voltage knob was then turned fully anticlockwise. The circuit was then
connected to observe AM. A DC signal from variable DCV module was connected to one input of the
adder module. Then the other input of the adder module was provided from the master signal block.
The 2 kHz sinewave was connected to the adder block input. The adder module output was connected
to the multiplier. This signal was multiplied with the career signal which became the 100 kHz
sinewave. It was our career signal. AM signal was obtained from the output of this multiplier. The
output was then connected with channel 2 of the oscilloscope. It was ensured that the black lead was
connected to the ground of the trainer board. Input signal will be seen on channel 1, hence it was
connected with the output of the adder module.

The trainer board was turned on and there was no graph on the oscilloscope. The g knob was turned
clockwise to get a DC level of 1V. Changes were seen in the DC value. Next, the G knob was changed to
obtain 1V peak to peak sinewave. The AM signal was successfully obtained in channel 2. The input
signal is exactly same as the enveloped of the signal and displayed an under modulation case of AM
signal. G knob was rotated and the modulation moved towards 100% modulation. Changing G change
the baseband signal, creating over modulation. We could go back to 100% modulation by tuning the
amplitude of the signal.

The modulation was connected and then the output from this modulation was connected for
demodulation. Before the connection was started, the trainer was turned off. The output from the
multiplier was connected at the input of the rectifier. The output from the reciter module was
connected at the input of the RC LPF. Another connecting wire was added at the output of LPF. Channel
1 was kept at previous position to compare the message signal and the demodulated signal. Two

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L)_Spring 2021 Department of EEE (IUB)

Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

graphs were visible, channel 1 for baseband signal and channel 2 for the AM demodulated signal. The
frequency was very similar but the amplitude of the demodulated signal was distorted due to internal
noise of the device.

Data and Calculation:

 Calculation of Modulation Index:

Modulation Index,

Em
m a= ×100 % (Using t h e amplitude of base band∧carrier signal)
Ec

 For Modulation:
Type of Modulation Amplitude of Amplitude of carrier Modulation Index
Baseband signal(Em) signal(Ec) (ma)
Under modulation 1V 3.4V 0.29

100% modulation 1.96V 3.4V 0.58

Over modulation 5.2V 3.4V 1.53

 For Demodulation:
Parameters Baseband Signal Demodulated signal
Amplitude 1.12V 616mV

Frequency 2.005 kHz 2.006 kHz

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L)_Spring 2021 Department of EEE (IUB)

Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Graphs:

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L)_Spring 2021 Department of EEE (IUB)

Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Discussion:
It can be seen from the waveforms of the career wave, modulating wave and the resultant modulated
wave that the envelope of the resultant waveform is identical to the modulating wave and this utilized
by the AM received for recovery of the modulating signal. In our oscilloscope, there were two graphs,
channel 1 for baseband signal and channel 2 for the AM demodulated signal. The frequency of the both
were very similar but the amplitude of the demodulated signal was distorted. Although we did not pass
our signal through any channel, the device itself has some internal noise causing some phase
difference. We obtained the output for AM demodulation. AM and demodulation is a useful tool in
telecommunications and TV transmitters. It allows efficient radiation, reduced antenna height,
transmission from multiple sources, strong signals and less interference and noise.

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L)_Spring 2021 Department of EEE (IUB)

Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Question Answers:

1. We are not shown the context of the multiplexer module or its input and output signals. If the
amplitude of the output signal varies with time, then it could be a variety of AM signal, or it
could a single baseband signal.
2. A. Carrier frequency B. Lower sideband frequency C. Upper sideband frequency
Values from the experiment:
Carrier frequency Lower sideband frequency Upper sideband frequency

3. Amplitude modulation of a carrier signal has two sidebands. The signal components above the
carrier frequency constitute the upper sideband (USB), and the ones below the carrier
frequency constitute the lower sideband (LSB).
4. The outline of the peaks of the modulated signal is known as envelopes. It has the same shape
as the modulating signal. Envelope detection has numerous applications in the fields of signal
processing and communications.
5. Baseband signals send the information signal as it is without any modulation. The demodulated
signal shifts the signal to be transmitted in frequency to a higher frequency and then transmits
it, where at the receiver the signal is shifted back to its original frequency.

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