Range of motion exercises – nurses does

independently inside the hospital

Levels of prevention:

I. Primary prevention – patient in

community
1. Health promotion
2. Disease prevention
II. Secondary prevention – patient in
the hospital
3. Early diagnosis
4. Prompt treatment
III. Tertiary prevention – range of
motion exercises
5. Rehabilitation – it starts within
the first 24 hrs upon admission
- Avoid complications in the
hospital
Skeletal anatomy
Joint – functional unit of the musculoskeletal
system
- The site where two or more
bones meet
- Matagal ang healing process
Tendon – attachment points where a muscle is
connected to the bone.
- Muscle to bone
Ligaments – a tough connective tissue band
usually connecting bone to bone.
Two types of movements: example is elbow
flexion
Agonist – muscles which accomplish a certain
movement, such as flexion.
Antagonist – muscles acting in opposition to an
agonist
Types of exercises:
1. Isotonic (dynamic) – muscle shortens to
produce muscle contraction and active
movement. (ex. Activities of Daily Living)
2. Isometric (static or setting) – there is
muscle contraction without moving the
joint (ex. Orthopedic/bed bound).
3. Isokinetic (resistive) – involves muscle
contraction or tension against resistance
(ex. People doing weights)
4. Aerobic – activity during which the
amount of oxygen taken in the body is
greater than that used to perform the
activity.
- Goal is to lose weight
- 120bm sustained 20-30
mins burning of fats starts.
5. Anaerobic – involves activity which the
muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen
from the blood stream and anaerobic
pathways are used to provide additional
energy for a short time.
 - push yourself to the limit where
muscles harden or stiffen.

ROM – maximum movement that is possible

for that joint.

- Independent nursing
intervention

ROM exercises – joint movements performed by

the patient himself or by a nurse to move joints
in its full range without causing pain.

- To prevent contractures

Types of ROM exercises:

1. Active or isotonic – to increase and

maintain muscle tone and joint mobility
- Initiated by patient
instructed by nurse.
2. Active-assistive – encourages normal
muscle function (muscle weakness).
3. Passive – maintains joint mobility only
- Initiated by nurse
- Cannot prevent muscle
- TENS (Transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation)

Indications and goals for ROM:

Time of exercise:

Bath time –ICU (bed bath) dailly

Rested in the morning - ward

Before bed time – ward

Evaluate the effectiveness of the ROM regimen.

Then adjust the regimen to the individual needs
of the patient. – private nurse

 3x a week

Join movements:
Procedure: Active ROM exercises

- Patient does what you tell

them
- Used words that they
understand
- Watch the video
Passive ROM exercises: Elbow – flexion and extension
  If there is pain sign of human. DVT.

Active assistive ROM exercises:

Definition of hot therapy:

Definition of cold therapy:

Procedure:
Instructions:

Massage therapy:

Contraindications:
Types of massage therapy:

Procedure: