2.4.2 Relate stoichiometry to the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions by investigating: * Balancing chemical equations. * Solving problems regarding mass changes in chemical reactions. 2.1.2.1 In order to write equations you must first be able to write formulas with correct subscripts. @) \When writing formulas of compounds itis important to know, or be abe to work out, the symbol and valence (combining power) of each element present in a compound, Complete the table to revise this information. Name of element | Symbol Valoncy | Name of element | Symbol Valency Sodium 1 ‘Oxygen 5 1 5 Potassium Ne Sitver 4 lene [ eoron ir Fe Fluorine | sr Al Nitrogen Mg Nickel Barium ‘Argon Mo Copper a ©) To complete the table, write formulas or names for the common polyatomic ions. Name of poiyatomie ion Formula | Name ofpovvtomicion Formula Cyanide sor Por | Nitrate | Hydrogen phosphate Dichromate | Hydrogen carbonate Oxalate | Sulfate 00; | HHS0; cH,COo- Oo | Ammonium PenCeA nes eae me Pron er ae Recs21.2.2. Write formulas for the following compounds. @ Sodium chloride © Magnesium sulfate © Calcium carbonate @ Copper) sulfide @ Silver nitride 0 Lithium nitrate @ ‘Aluminium bromide (hy Hydrogen chloride 0 Ironttl) hydroxide 0 Barium phosphate 2.4.2.3 Complete the table to illustrate the link between the name, formula and composition of the listed compounds. Name of compound Formula Chemical composition Calcium sulfate CCaleium : sulfur: oxygen in ratio 2: 1:4 Sodium hydroxide Magnesium chioride Hydrogen : oxygen = 2: 1 Garton dioxide Chromium sulfite Na,CO,2127 fa) ) © (d) © cu} @ 2128 21.2.9 @ (o) © @ 2.1.2.1 @ (b) 2A2M @ (b) Science Press Balance the following equations by filing in the missing coefficients and, wherever possible, include states of species. K+ HO> H,+ KOH Ba0+ HNO,» Ba(NO),+ HO PoINO), + KCI> —-KNO,+ —PDCI, FeCl,+ AgNO,» Fe(NOJ,+ Ag! BaNO),+ K,S0,> KNO,+ — BaSO, A+ FeO, —ALO,+ Fe c+ Alo, co+ Al Identify the meaning of the following symbols in equations: (s),(), (g) and (aq). ‘Add symbols to the following equations to show the states of reactants and products. 2Na+2H.O =H, = + 2NaOH S +0, 80, 2H, +0, +2H,0 NaOH +HCL =>H,O + NaCl Define stoichiometry. State the law of conservation of mass. A student heated 6.20 grams of green copperll) carbonate in a test tube suspended over a Bunsen burner and was left with only 4,00 grams of black copper(ll) oxide. Write an equation for this decomposition reaction. ‘The mass after the reaction was not the same as the mass before the reaction. Does this mean that this reaction does not obey the law of conservation of mass?