Software Design and Architecture

Q1. Singleton design pattern provides stricter control over global variables.

 Justify the statement with your own logic.

Ans. The Singleton Design Pattern allows you to ensure that a class has only one
single instance while providing a global access to this instance. This is useful if
only one object is needed. The Singleton pattern allows you to access an object
from anywhere in the program. It also ensures that the instance is not
overwritten by any other code.

 Compare Singleton design pattern and global variable (similarities and

differences)
Ans. Differences

Singleton Design Pattern Global Variable

Singleton pattern ensures that the
class has one instance and that is also
globally accessible.
Singleton design pattern is either
created upon first access or program
initialization. Singletons are created
only once during runtime
A Singleton pattern can be accessible
via a global, static instance field since
Singleton is static.
Singletons are used to create an
instance of a class.
Singleton is not freed until the
termination of the program.
Global variables are lexically scoped.
A global variable doesn’t allow you to
instantiate an object only when it is
required. The object is there the whole
time.
Global variables are declared above all
the functions, so all the functions can
manipulate them during run time.
Global variables don’t provide
encapsulation.
Global variables are freed after use.
Similarities
Both Singleton and Global Variables are globally accessible.

 Implement any example (in Java), representing concept of global variable

and Singleton design pattern, highlight the differences with coding and
output.