Scanned with CamScanner* asystem of managing a sports, specifically on implementing the game rules and keeping order in the duration of the game. ports officiating Scanned with CamScanner* The role of an official is very crucial in a sporting endeavor. He defines the success or failure of a certain physical activity. It is therefore necessary for an aspiring officiating official to possess a number of qualities for him to meet the goal of having a satisfying, complain-free, impartial, and successful game. The following are some of the qualities to be considered: * Physical Qualities Emotional Qualities * Mental Qualities * Social Qualities Gualities oi Offictal: Officiating Scanned with CamScanner* These qualities refer to the physical attributes of an officiating official. Since an officiating official needs to catch up with every detail of what the athletes or players do oncourt, he needs to have a high level of fitness to be able to perform his job. To determine his level of fitness he or she has to consider the following: Physical Qualities Scanned with CamScanner* As has been defined in preceding modules in Physical Education, physical fitness is the capacity of an individual to perform his or her daily tasks without undue fatigue and still has extra energy for recrealion and emergencies. Physical fitness is not achieved overnight. One must werk on with elevating his own level of fitness if he or she has to perform better in his chosen field of endeavor. Several ways to determine one’s fitness which are basis in improving it include: * Body Mass Index * PMHR and THR (Personal Maximal Heart Rate and Training Heart Rate) * Fitness or Exercise Program * Nutrition and weight management Physical Fitne. Scanned with CamScanner+ These qualities refer to the emotional readiness of an officiating official to perform his or her role ina game. He or she might have mastered all the rules and possesses a high level of fitness but if the emotional attributes don’t warrant him or her to perform the duties and responsibilities of an officiating official, failure is expected, Emotional attributes that an officiating off should possess include confidence. It is having belief in oneself. Confidence can be situation-specific, but practicing it through actual game immersions and observations of game officiating activities can help improve it. Emotional Qualities Scanned with CamScanner* Social qualities refer to the abitity to deal with others at any given situation. Complaints are inevitable in a game. It is the ability of an officiating official to settle disputes without sacrificing the integrity of a game and the officiating team. To develop such qualities requires practice just as the emotional qualities do. Surrounding oneself with people who make wise decisions especially in officiating endeavors might help one improve his or her decision-making skills. Social Qualities Scanned with CamScanner* When we register as officials, and volunteer to work at events, we agree to uphold these values, and follow the related guidelines listed in each section. Scanned with CamScanner* Aprimary value of officiating is to provide a benefit to those with whom one interacts in the competition area (athletes, coaches, spectators, volunteers, and other officials). A related value is todo no harm. A. Be a Benefit and Cause No Harm Scanned with CamScanner* These values mean that officials should strive for accuracy and consistency in their officiating actions, as well being dependable and trustworthy in their work as officials. The latter implies that officials should accept the responsibility for their errors that may affect competitions, and work to increase or sustain others’ (athletes, coaches, spectators, other officials) trust. Be Accurate and Responsible Scanned with CamScanner* Integrity refers to firm adherence to an ethical code as well as to the absence of impairment or disability. This implies that officials will (a) not allow their judgment to be adversely influenced by personal loyalties or personal gain, (b) will adhere whenever possible to the specifics of this ethical code, and (c) will avoid officiating when their mental or physical competence may be impaired (e.g., through physical illness, emotional distress, or some other personal limitation). Act with Integrity Scanned with CamScanner* Officials have the duty to respect individual athletes or other parties at competitions, independent of cultural, ethnic, gender, age, or other characteristics of the individual that may set the other person apart from the official's own background and sense of familiarity, Although this is usually meant to prevent discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, or disability (all areas of human dive: ure associated with human rights legislation), it also applies to areas of diversity such as age or experience in the athletic event or officiating task. Thus, it applies to treating very young (and thus immature) athletes Show Respect for Participants’ Rights and Dianity Scanned with CamScanner* Officials have the duty to respect individual athletes or other parties at competitions, independent of cultural, ethnic, gender, age, or other characteristics of the individual that may set the other person apart from the official's own background and sense of familiarity, Although this is usually meant to prevent discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, or disability (all areas of human dive: ure associated with human rights legislation), it also applies to areas of diversity such as age or experience in the athletic event or officiating task. Thus, it applies to treating very young (and thus immature) athletes Show Respect for Participants’ Rights and Dianity Scanned with CamScanner* Professionalism means exhibiting a courteous, conscientious, and generally business-like manner in the workplace (including volunteer workplace). Applied to athletics officials, it means that officials, as part of their volunteer duties, will conform to reasonable technical standards of their area of practice (e.g., starter, track umpire, throws judge) as well as to any ethical standards that govern them, &. Exhibit Professionalism Scanned with CamScanner* This value presumes that athleticism is part of a generally healthy lifestyle, and that BC Athletics and Athletics Canada encourage not only athletic competition, but enhanced health in their members and in the general public. #. Model Appropriate Health Habits Scanned with CamScanner* This means obeying the law (e.g., criminal code of ‘Canada, human rights codes, and IAAF or other rules of competition). I Adhere to legal Standards Scanned with CamScanner+ In our society, we now recognize that some individuals (e.g., persons with disabilities) are more vulnerable to poor treatment because of their relative youth, mental or physical disability, or other characteristics that place them ata disadvantage. This code of conduct recognizes that such individuals may require special attention. J Protect Vulneraile Persons Scanned with CamScanner* gestures used by sports officials to communicate to the players and audiences specifically game related events, like fouls, points and the like. Hand Signals Scanned with CamScanner4 THREE-POINTS SUCCESSFUL SHOT db uh gS 2 CANCEL SCORE OR CANCEL PLAY THREE-POINTS ATTEMPT ONE POINT TWO POINTS Scissor-like action with arms, ance across chest Three fingers {extended on each hand Three fingers (extended) Two fingers, ‘flag’ from wrist One finger, ‘flag’ from wrist Scanned with CamScannerIl, CLOCK-RELATED 1 ‘STOP CLOCK FOR FOUL (blowing whistle simultaneously) STOP CLOCK (blowing whistle simultaneous) One clenched fist, other palm dawn pointing to offender's waist Chop with hand TWENTY-FOUR ‘SECOND RESET Rotate hand, index finger extended Scanned with CamScanner0 VV R 13 SUBSTITUTION ) BECKONING-IN CHARGED COMMUNICATION (blowing the whistle TIME-OUT BETWEEN simultaneously) (blowing whistle | OFFICIALS AND simultaneously) | TABLE OFFICIALS Open palm, wave towards the | Form T, index finger Cross forearms body showing Thumb up ‘Scanned with CamScannerTRAVELLING ILLEGAL DRIBBLE oR DOUBLE "2 ORIBBLING Rotate fists Patting motion Hall rotation, forward direction B THREE SECONDS Arm extended, show fingers Scanned with CamScannerEIGHT SECONDS ‘TWENTY-FOUR SECONDS BALLRETURNED To DACKCOUNT Wave arm, index finger pointing OUT-OF-BOUNDS AND/OR DIRECTION ‘OF PLAY ‘Thumbs up lollawed by point finger in direction of ponemaxion arrow Scanned with CamScannerV. REPORTING A FOUL TO THE SCORER'S TABLE (3 Steps) STEP 1 - NUMBER OF PLAYER Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner8 9 a ILLEGAL USE BLOCKING EXCESSIVE HOLDING OFHANDS (offence or defence) SWINGING ie | oFeBows =| (tt Grasp wrist Strike wrist Both hands onhips | Swing elbow backwards downward Scanned with CamScannerPUSHING On CHARGING Clanched fiet, strike open palm Grasp wrist upward Clanehed fists Scanned with CamScanner‘l. — FREE-THROW ADMINISTRATION (2 Steps) iTEP 1 - INSIDE THE RESTRICTED AREA ONE Two THREE FREE THROW FREE THROWS FREE THROWS - Ss Ly 1 finger horizontal 2 fingers horizontal 3 fingers horizontal ~ ‘Scanned with CamScanner aiTEP 2 - OUTSIDE THE RESTRICTED AREA ONE Two THREE FREE THROW FREE THROWS FREE THROWS Bfingers extended Index finger Fingers together oneach hand ‘Scanned with CamScannerUnderstanding Sport Coaching Unit 2 Physical Education Scanned with CamScannerTABLE 7.1 Roles that a cosch may be expected to perform cS Besponsbitny fect Passes itormaten about tachrique, taming and other apes of pertormianee Fives adress Develops spectic match fess Momater frenis determination and a desre to succand Dscptrartn Ensres the athletes atienton focused on the sporting tat Organiser Respornible or xganaing the atHete ad the traning envronment, ard tang with parents and officals Rek manages Enos the tranung and match verueshurtaces are Pubicretmsons otter Azar amarteting epresentatne of he sport Flare (Orsarses the taming and gave seasons ard aha the long-term gare propa ofthe dub Turco Suppor the sports chub ty helping plan and nn tardratang acts Comet ‘Adyoes the athlete when fequred on a sporting or perzoral level Tren Supports the atvete and cn te tuted ta ek afer trem Sport scenitnt Understand the lain n the sports technique and technology and apes this Enomlecige to thelr ahs Seudent Constantly lear long with the shiete and uses thelrsbty to analy eter cluster ts benef he zhiete obo mace Persons the pavtie atinbstes of beng imei in soot Aesesoe Assosas te attela’ patormarce m rareng and m competion Faction Artie sate compet orn forthe ale compet feb tre acheter coral ces cd Strateystard titan Devas gene pans a tarts to aprly aurng the compattvesamson and ayant spect oppastion Bectun ‘Adises the atiete on approprate dietary requrenents and guideines kr before, during and afer waning and competion ‘Scanned with CamScannerStyles of Coaching Coaches need to be able to apply their style/ method to changing situations. Coaches often combine these most common styles: Authoritarian or Autocratic Casual Democratic or Cooperative Personable or Friendiy Delegatory . Scanned with CamScanner. Authoritarian or Autocratic Style Strict and firm Demand discipline Make decisions without player input Severe on poor performance Don’t explain why something is being done Focus on winning Development of team unity (when successful) May turn off sensitive/"deep thinking” athletes Scanned with CamScannerDemocratic or Cooperative Coaches Athlete centred Shared decision making Flexibility Develop trust & respect May be seen as weak or athletes may exploit freedom Scanned with CamScannerCasual Style Relaxed, almost detached from athlete Loosely organised, may lack planning Act like a consultant Helps when advice is sought by athlete Highly motivated athletes may want more structure Some athletes may feel empowered and gain independence Scanned with CamScannerPersonable or Friendly Style * Friendly and approachable * Good athlete rapport * Issues dealt with diplomatically '* Openness may be exploited by athlete ‘Scanned with CamScannerDelegatory Style Use a group of experts under a head coach Expensive Often at the elite level Head coach is manager & BM oversees program Requires excellent communication ‘Scanned with CamScanner+ Tals wtdoton—* Sola tha dow + Mabon + Mates ecrscna econ, Aranees + Explaine totam bien RIGUEE 75 The coaching tle continuum * Conus: © Shares teas * Delegates * Adison oe + Defines brits + Atown atieten + Asaisty * Calts or + Lots ateta towckeitin == athioton mupgesion — “ makedecoiora — Seirediimés when ahd + Mahon er adic suggestions ‘toteam ‘Scanned with CamScannerActivity * List one coach whom you know, have been coached by or have seen on television that fits the mould for each of the coaching styles. * Describe why that person fits the mould for each coaching style. * What style of coach or combination of styles of coach are you? OR would you be? Scanned with CamScannerSkills & Characteristics of a Coach Aviiyto FEE partsterce GG pertrmarea orm SS Coreneaten ad ara of Mevanng ‘performance = \ sats bles a ! Catareg or Modeling Ctterencet, Dehawiour = es Quattcatons & p ietegry Knowledge of x test i | ess FRGURE 7.4 Catential doaching Uth and charactertiss ‘Scanned with CamScannerActivity * Provide a practical example of a coach addressing the issue of risk management at their club or team. * Why is it important to have behavioural standards for coaches? * You are the coach of an under-10 basketball team. A parent of a team member continually abuses their child and the umpires. How would you approach this situation? Scanned with CamScannerCommunication Should use both verbal & non- verbal Clear & concise Explanations & demonstrations Listen to what the athlete is saying Ensure there is a positive environment where there is mutual respect Have a sense of humour Scanned with CamScanner. . . Experience & Qualifications Understands training principles and methods including periodisation Apply sports psychology Knowledge of rules, skills, strategies and techniques Keep statistics/key data Follow national sport pathways/accreditation schemes Scanned with CamScannerAnomy Exercize physiology Sports prychology Frness training principles and matheds Inpry management > Arousal are aratety management > Mental imagery > Components of fitness: > Fess testing 2 Methods of airing 2 Traihing periodisation 2 Using and understanding stamstcal data > Learning and developing new stits > Dacron malang > Skil anabats > Physics of sport 2 Training cet 2 Pre-game det > Gare det > Postgame det 2 Prevention and management ‘Scanned with CamScannerSkills & Characteristics of Coach Cater for individual differences: — Age — Preferred learning style — Ability & stage of learning — Level of competition — Motivation and goals Organisational skills Observation & Performance Analysis Ability to improve performance ‘Scanned with CamScannerLeadership Effective communication Cater for individual differences Patience and persistence Ability to motivate Integrity Model appropriate behaviour Scanned with CamScannerTeam Culture Values and structures that are accepted by group members — Attendance and punctuality — On & off-field behaviour — Dress code — Selection procedures — Leadership structure — Training procedures — Pre & post-game protocols ‘Scanned with CamScannerActivity * What do you think makes a good coach? * Are coaches born leaders or can they develop their leadership skills? * How important are tactics in the following game settings: An U12 netball match, and U18 basketball match at the national championships and a Twenty20 international cricket match? Explain your response. Scanned with CamScannerPerformance Analysis * Collecting statistical information from the game — Quantitative- frequency of particular skills, speed etc. — Qualitative- effectiveness of disposals, execution of skills Provided before, during and after the game Scanned with CamScannerPerformance Analysis Considers: — Energy system requirements — Movement patterns, type and direction — Muscle groups & actions — Work : Rest ratios — Skill requirements —Team strategies — Opponents strengths and weaknesses — Biomechanical techniques — Intensity of movement Scanned with CamScanner