« (SYLLABUS DINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. Exact Differential equations, Equations reducible to exact form by integrating factors; Equations of the first order and higher degree. Clairut’s equation. Leibnitz's linear and Bernoulli's equation. 2 LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF SECOND AND HIGHER ORDER Solution of linear Ordinary Differential Equations of second and higher order; methods of finding complementary functions and particular integrals. Special methods for dinging particular integrals: Method of variation of parameters, Operator method. Cauchy's homogeneous and Legendre’s linear equation, Simultaneous linear equations with constant coefficients. 3. APPLICATIONS OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Applications to electric R-L-C circuits, Deflection of beams, Simple harmonic motion, Simple population model. PART-B 4. LINEAR ALGEBRA Rank of a matrix, Elementary transformations, Linear independence and dependence of vectors, Gauss-Jordan method to find inverse of a matrix, reduction to normal form, Consistency and solution of linear algebraic equations, Linear transformations, Orthogonal transformations, Eigen values, Eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Reduction to diagonal form, orthogonal, unitary, Hermitian and similar matrices. 5. INFINITE SERIES Convergence and divergence of series, Tests of convergence (without proofs) : Comparison test, Integral test, Ratio test, Rabee's test, Logarithmic test, Cauchy's root test and Gauss test. Convergence and absolute convergence of alternating series. 5. COMPLEX NUMBERS AND ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX VARIABLE De-Moivre's theorem and its applications. Real and Imaginary parts of exponential, logarithmic, circular, inverse circular, hyperbolic, inverse hyperbolic functions of complex variables. Summation of trigonometric series. 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(He) Se motios om jo aous8s34sp20aouaftoauoo ayy sume 9-D 1 L+ug = ite atte = EE yg a asin Te Rossy poe a fo DT we ur quasm> oy) Jo Moy ayn SunUH9A08 uoRNbs reHUDIE;RIP aYp TEM (Py spexe st onenba tant aouay pue Av. . 1 (D wonenbo toar8 ap Jo suonnjos yuspuadapur Ajreauy ase * = 74 pu * 1g. U x t we 2 ae AP Ne we z 1-| |" rie + @xz= N wet te=W |e 78 9m 0 = APN + SPW lM woRenbe waA18 axp axedin0> ‘Jos = ssaun>exo 103 uonenba 0 = Ap (fi + ;2%2) + xP (427 + @XE) 3H PND (%) + AU2Eq EM “L Aq waa st 2A YA yo (xm uo|squUoIN4 a4 MON v-NOLIDaS cnet te Ig ee tq * op oy DB G-NOLLDAS Woy suoRSINb OML ISEOTE PPS “F zz = I T SS A eee few {HOLA Burkes 5 7 g NOLLDAS wory suonsenb aAL Aue idwony “eC “suonnjos quapuadapt isnot iiss i ‘ypea suoysonb AMO eaey ‘D7 €-NOLLDAS TZ 4@ jo wonnjos are 2 puw * = apes ee Surdure> suonsanb Nay Jo Supstsue> AYOSINAWOD * V-NOLLAS “t + saqeprpue,) 0} suoRPNASU T i simop{ 9amLL = POMOTTY SLL °@ Jo uoRNjos are = z-‘1-= O= HM +m = O=T+mE+WsAVS O=A@+0E+—) = O=AIz + oF + (I- Spey WMP [zot-Wv1a] I1-SOLLWWaHLVIW ONTUSANIONS wo z 328 9 (1) ut 2 = 9 arayas (1-9) 6.4 azx pur g Aq ax Superdog xSq=ze2=% — Sumng Beg ayn ? wo 0 =A (+ Axt + zd) Sf UOHENbe waArd axp jo uLIO} soquids 10S syed AreurSeurt pur [21 oe ae Siaava Tavs an ircoriiianivw onteznion“LON © ‘St0z fupy sadog uonsoney fis z . adp saan afoy “Jog aig Se rmneeec wa ae = 4 0= gfx + fixy + fi uonenba jenuazaysp ay anjog (q) MEE Siscros sedaco | 7 ON ‘8107 foyy sodyg uonsone) fusiaamn sab “jos ¥ ‘ 10 = Aphixg + xp (cfg + x21 + LA 105 yey stn 8 @) 30 4, RUT Jo auaZzaAu0 ay 10} uONFpUd Ua—YJNS pur Arwssa0ou ay] “10g Fez us % +27 90913) ,9 1-95 “saur9s ayfUYUr 105 uoLayHD souafzaAu0D s,AyoneD aEIS (A) wees =u queysuo> Aue st 2 aroym @)f + x9 = A eo 108 1 uopnjos sit pue z z STEP S5 7 Sep es T OF e1 + m9~ gust ay h-+ xd = A wasoy ayy jo uowenbo au 10s oy 206=f(EL+09- 20) = egitsis ener en ECC 7208 = A (EL + eS (1-6) 0) : 4 H yS am (Dur “y = 9a12UM (1 — 6) 6 ha. 70 zx pre g ha qx Supedoy) quafroauo> ose st “nZ uayp quo8saauoo st “aX puv g = x8q=2 = 2-4 Suming| quoSr9auoo ose st < wy tbe = fi (e1 + axg - a2%) st uonenbs ual atp Jo wos syOquiAs ayy, “Jog se0e = fer + ,fixg — | fizx uonenba ayy jo uornjos yexouas amy pura (@) i z xzsoo 2 4 E+ yet ato = 6 Ta 4 aD = A se wounpos ayapduso> aouayy as- et~ = xzup 9S = ies = Jer =spxcus I y+as- a T xqus = *zusg9 Ya b+as— (2) ea T a 2+ lo PTW & O=(—W) (Wye Q=H+mg— zu azuns 99 = f(y + aS st uopenbs uaar8 ayp jo uuoy sqoquids ay ‘1S “powpaut soyerado Suysn xz us so wonenba jenuasasyrp ayy Jo vornjos yesauas om puTT + Ag —_— Frsoliwwaniww onaanrona Vv <0 NUE 192 VOU St] 2194 = “n pue qua819qu09 st “aX pt say wostredwo> 91815 WIE) aay OM 2 10 anuaftzaauoo 105 =triet 16S yup mous rE Sasdva SANS Gait: =Hayay (etme rs 2 ‘1 es Sen Pee Mae ! ; a . were fa = OV? , “ng = Ct iyu let <| ee bees i eS "od eal a ae cia SCRE Fett ett @ @ zx Siow, Ott? an =@" MON ‘SeH96 oEMOTIOS 9 30 a>ua8ioqu0D ayy ww Sy ae oa a 40ND ‘S102 Aeyy sOded woHsaND fsranyee eee) s@t = O'qd = MAH we I 4 Te) 2 (x) +m @=) ype at arediato> do a a +. (= Td 1 BOS | FY oases 29 Pus ‘powom wrprofamy tay = Sees be = G2 +t) aoe ee Tau = O= Ft MyM STV S “THI-D Bod u0 7 “on B ‘I-uouras ’ 5 1 x= A@+ar-@ sf uonenba jequarayp uaatS ayy Jo Woy sHOqUIAS aYL TOS ‘eV avenqeaa Trad, t srapurered jo uonenea Jo pouyaur 1p — A wogenba jequarasytp ay Jo uoRnjos pex9uad ayy Pur (4) “uoRnjos parmbar ayy s} | = A s0> 42 MOH] ° [=9 © 9= 95099 (@) woy ~ re 0=f/9 = xuaym 710 = (0) A Waal, a= his 9 pue {Zt 1—| = vy xeqyeu ayy r03 urazoayy uoyrure}y-KapXe> Apuay D-NOLIDaS 323 am ‘Sunesaquy aE tp Cx +'ay= A x Asoo 2 = (fi soo 2) p=] EON] 0= (A809 ap = z 0= Ap Ams 2 xp Aso 9 jduso> amy 2H) 4 ‘sq woRnyos ajafduso> Yt sv UaHLM st uogenba [enUaTayAp uaats ay “Jos. tps rs po * (Ap A ws — xp fi sor) .9 wajqord anqea jen ayy aazos () “sO we xO TT x ‘€8-0 aBvd uo 6 “ON °O “€ 4aydoyD Jafoy “OS c adus © fq uns expt | = ©) a HP ayy wy yuaum> 2 4 jo anjea Jews ayy 105 Jey) MOS a aad Foy pau; st yd wys.q “pure Aaneq WIM WM! ADT UW (®) “FO i. cuonenba usar yo apy sy x 1 +1(azpuis 2 + (,27)809 Lo] x = A egtl ————~ pnts aNIONFEEE Ls arayen = Bry pur |=) pu © one +2801 waz -= = nag +21= anu e+ = f *yoo9 sit Jo 91Z-D aBed uo “OT a ‘wuadonpp 5 "ni 39 oe Vz as er peti La tue 1ed § way] pasmbar ayy st yory 2 oe ‘ , Aen hota . SE=D AB = dency on D= s+ HH Tu , 5 . ; | s B= "90+ F¥2— Meanie ama) * eas so mg Meee 8 eg eth) 28. sett De= 81+ Azt— e+ xzi—* xo—Aip AZ+I0—* x9 + hp— ©) seonpau (1) a os fs i faxes —Az 2 wi we FP wae Suna I-A LT =p Apz— T Cn —+(—- = | h—¥e w-Az _ gh wf w es hs “109 “P) Ld + CE “DLP = (I PML = (A 'z)L ads tx ‘Ly aowapy | = Be fe-= fey 4 se waytiM 9q weo wonenbo enUEIO}sIP uoAK? OWL “10 “0 = hx + fxg + is uopenbe jenuazeysip amp 24705 ( ‘enya Aue aay ued q pur | = 9 axe sanjea posinbor = @ v= 041 (fat) Pacer) ay ee pe uonenbs jenuaraytp pera ue oq 116 (G cfg + x0 = N pur ox + f= Ww aary am" = ApN + xp wp yt Suuedux on O= Ap (fg + 20) + xp (gt + 4) st uonenba jequazaysip uot 2 19Rx9 81 0 = Ap (gfiq + xo) + xp (gx + A : wonenba jenuaraysip ayy “q pur v jo sanea jeym 205 sua ( + Agen aM rare Zx ‘Lx smoys yoryas “0 = “0 = 2 198 am Butaqos Uc 0= gh + e pueo= Hh +2 - 0= 10 d+ eI +0=9 yeas Aue aq g/‘2 197 “s10;>ea ywopuadopuy Aurwau are Zx “x MOUS OL Bp 2) = HL (0-77) = TAL IEW PHS Aw H+ L UONFUIOISUED 7 puy “aut oe 109 9) = 2“ (€ “1) = fe azoyan Fx “xy st0}>24 9M 10> ( 4) 6 uz > @ = 0 aI yey = = 7 Bre aOR, V-NOLIDaS 09 sey UTLEY, Smop{ 211: PMOL) [zot-Wv1a] 11-SOLLWWaHIVW ONTYaaNIONa STOZ-AVI ‘aadVd NOILSINO ALISUIAL I-SOLLWMSHIVW ONIESSNIONS practice = Som « 4. 8/t- = 6 s/6- 6 i baer Sg é Z a Sasava avanvs caw ae ee.we Sareea cee eee oT. a” Pouuoyewen posmnbar oui 51-9 = A Ee 2) oe pve cE ete hp 9) soonpai uonenba ee ioac® i 1) = 0= 1+ a¥-zaV s wonenbo : Ap A, K ee zn? = A(L+ a= ah) [F-3] See be pt Apt Be wee, ip LAPT ae fe = lip) Pt ize ersee ip 1 fo) Pt (22 2-(2)2 - ie Apt) \ipl ep hp zp _ 3p ye e's lar anf Feo xP, fp ip eens. Apt php hp p= aoe = 18 @ p=rUEAID 1 $= B mosz= x80 © 2-201 mee Aet Ax 3+ PC ay 282) | = jo uopenbs jenuszass1p pauuoysuen ayy puy ’=2 = x Bupnd UO gp? Wek + ye (HD + 1D) =A 81'SD OH oe cee ee Saaava s1anvs oar ———eo tt $$$ Fsouiwwaniivw onmaanionaee x: 1 A 1 Ob [i-4 1 Sol. nare[ ola ahehe 3.28 Characteristic equation is =A 4 32-4 | A-Aall =0 > > (1-4) 2-A)-12 =0 > #-31-10=0 Aewill satisfy it if A?- 3A - 101 = 0 1 47f1 4).[13 12 3 2i3 2), 9 16 13 12] [1 4 1 0 A? -3A - 101 = =3 —10| 9 16} [3 2 o1 13 12] [3 12] [10 0 “|9 16] [9 6] [0 10 13-3-10 12-12] fo o = = =) 9-9 16-6-10| |0 0 -. A satisfies its characteristic equation. Hence Cayley Hemilton ti is satis ee sen tyley ilton theorem is satis! Multiplying it by Ax, we get ATA? -3 ATA = 10 A“ > A-3I = 10A7 ~ Pee lls 4). yao Ata GlA aH, F ‘| | aR * 10]. 3, —7| #8 the inverse of A. (g) Define orthogonal and unitary matrice: 4 S with suitabl Sol. (i) A square matrix A le examples. A‘A=1 or A’ =A, x A over R, the set of reals is said to be orthogo™! [Pa] Now AdsENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-I| ——————_____ ———— | cos@ sin@ sin? cos@ ] is an orthogonal matrix. juare matrix A over complex field C is unitary AA =I or A = At tn Fle Anal 1b x is a unitary matrix different form of comparison test. t I. If > Yu, and Yo, are +ve term series and Dv, is convergent and where K is a +ve constant, then Yu, is also cgt. u, If Du,, and Yv,, are two +ve terms series and H < e m,where H, n ints independent of n then Yu, and Dv, behave alike. Let Du,, and Yu, are two +ve term series. uy, >, =! (finite non zero), then Su,, and Sv, behave alike. : >, = and Sv, converges, then Du,, also converges. n >, = and So, diverges, then D1, also diverges. 7 that the series : 1 .© is convergent but not absolutely series is )(-1)" +1 2 =C1)"*1 w, Gay) 1 1 My og A ed 1 > ey ety tn aie ns of Leibnitz’s test are satisfied. series is convergent.ERS | ee MED pSAMPLEDPAP! 1 , a ergent series Vay + tag | and D7, is divers + DED" +1 u, is convergent but not absolutely. (j) Prove that w = cos z is not a bounded function. Sol. a lege = cos (x + fy) =.c08 x, cos, fy ‘sin = sinity = cos x cosh y—isin x sinh y eA das = leos z1? = cos?x cosh?y + sin2x sinh*y = cos? x [1 + sinh2y] + (1 - cos”x) sinh?y = cos?x + cos’x sinh?y + sinh?y - cos? x sin2hy | cos z12= costx + sink2y vey Since sinh y = is not bounded, therefore Icos z| and hence cos z ig, bounded. SECTION-B " Q.2. Solve the differential equation : [5x3 + 12x” + 6y?) dx + 6xydy = 0. Sol. Comparing the given equation with Mdx + Ndy = 0. We have M = 5x3 + 12x? + 6y? and N = 6xy oM aN > “ay = Vy and 5 = 6y aM _6N No erie et = which is a functi Pu. Oe eaympaes a function of x only. N o Tee H) 7 doge — ,logx _ Multiplying both sides of (1) by x, we get (x4 + 12x° + 6y°x) dx + 6xy dy = 0, which is an exact differential equation | peices | Mats | (termofNindependentofx)dy =¢ yisconstant A | xt +12x3 +6y' nae | Ody =c = 2x9 + 3x4 + 3y?x? = cis the required solution. Q. 3. Find the general solution of the e, [ juation : y”” = 32sec 2x, using method of variation of parameters. Tuatlontry/it+ tog teasers = ~_ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-II ipter 2, Qn No. 18 on page C-49. Basse pratt y= 4coslog(1+x). ibolic form of the given equation is [d+ x)? D2 +(14+2x) D+ tly =4 cos log (1 + x) land z= log (1 +x). +x) D by @ and (1 + x? D? by 6 (0 - 1) where 6 = 7 & iz’ We Bet =1)+6+1ly=4sinz Dy=4sinz +1=0 > m=+ti Ie, cos z + c) sin 2] Ee scosz=4z- 2 “cogs (rule fails) +1 -P+1 1 425 cos 22| coszdz = 2zsinz fer. + PI. (cy cos z + Cy cos z) + 2z sin z ¢, cos [log (1 + x) + cy sin [log (1 + x)] +2 [log(1 + x) sin [log (1 + x)] luctance of 2 Heneries and a resistance of 20 Ohms are connected in E volts. If the current is zero when t = 0, find the current at the end E = 100 volts. ent, L is the inductance, and R is the resistance. ictance L and resistance R are connected in series with e.m.f. E, therefore it is di La tRi = E with i(0) =0 di E Bh: a £0, dt t i R R/L oF Le - en tion (1) isENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-|] —————_____ hiatal hiiad 4 (1-4? -4]-2[-14+4-2] =0 (1-4) W?-2-3]-2 14-3] =0 2-3-1394 222+3-2+6 =0 mai? Ha 3/0 wu(2) Satisfy equation (2) if A3 -3A2 + A — 31 =0 ee Ol 12) OP (aa 4" 4 ot 1 2471 oe] ' 9 #2 1 ieee Gee 1 2 olf-1 4 4) [-1 10 12 2=|-1 1 2/1 0 3 ale} 1 1 10 14212 0 6 5} |-1 16 17 eo 10 12 144 1 20 10 0 1 11 10/-3) 0 3 4]+1/-1 1 2/-310 1 0 1 16 17 0.6 5 £21 O20. 1 —1+3+1-3 10-12+2+0 12-12+0+0 10 0. 1+0-1+0 11-9+1-3 10-12+2+0/=|0 0 ol=o —1+0+1+0 16-18+2+0 17-15+1-3 OGD -3A2+A-3I =0 3) ilton Theorem is satisfied. g (3) by A+ we get 3(A71 A) A+ ATA~3AT1=0 A?-3A4+1=3A7 Aste La? -3A+I] -144 2:10) 100 Os 4)—3/-1 1 2/4/0 1 0 wln 06 5 a2 O91, =)nner TT MA TICS i — 2 7 erate Ry + Ry~ > Ryand +R, - 7 R, ' nw an 3 Oe 0) i) Mea St fer) inh 10 (oh a0 pease t 7 i MORO s10 DO he aren a norihy § A ue PIS Gee a 10 10 10 Pa gee) 7a) 4 Aol Gee 10 10 10\s 10m 4 ane ial aa 5 5 is Ree Ae a Bice >, = Sala divergent series, therefore by comparison. Let Shy a vn divergent. i ‘ies. . 8. Examine the convergence or divergence of the following serie : fi : ie i Lal in ae (io) yews pI= (E+): +28012 = u (Paws att yp sort ne = @+ P80] =2 © 1+ L= 2 UaAID (1) = A pur ayeupumayepuy st x yeup aaord ‘Teax are A pure x a1ayM “t= (At +) we J “E807 (F + 1)] 807 Jo Syed AreuSeuy pur year pur “f+ T= 22 “Aysnes yprya jo sanqea qe pury (1) “6 ‘WeBroauoD st souas u9A!S ax "PAYSHES arw 389} SUIS BANLUTAITE Jo suoNTPUOD o= Sia = nT uatn> tik = Ek PI “souras qua8raauoo w st “nZ ysay saroquiary.q Aq (LAM) met LM) Zee Ly ae z ee Bees, in Mo! ae iene WSOLLVWBHLVIN ONIMZSNIDNA a Susava saws caw+ ob + pa nse— 94 I= B70 0 aus 3+ (GE MIS 1Z) + (oS IS IE — og MIS FZ = z Je-(S- & +{S- ele-(E-2) = 6 800 6 cus 2 Chr a he ae ffel[islewmosom 1-‘€1-'s-'S'1e-"Lar fae) Jo quanyR00 z T-'¥'s-"0'S'7—‘L3w (3) (¢-) yo wOY;209 rag Ar: 1-‘$0L-‘OL’s- ‘Ta ‘Syuatoyye0> [eRUOUTIA Jo aM s_Je>Se {9 MON Eee (54) F9)-yora.oe os as Guieize = z'ousse=7-= C(t YEAH 05 9 “9 30 Sajduyjnut Jo sours Jo sayes © Utd ,%! : : *(1 5) 80] Jo ant ‘aaaqun Aue st wary © Le v,2'] wos ee anys os Les} ——tee = fy we Monenbo [enuazyp ox ue 24 q(t) DPV N ue chr = yy = SPN + XPW wpa Strzedwo> AA + xP. fe 1 wonenbs tenuoiaypp wan au 10g : ao Monenba jenuorayyp ay) ,7, Jo angea yey 105, Wh +8)— fame hh 5, {5 j0 ajdurexa ue st |! ea yy ae uFa Paes eee OPO 1 ‘ 32099 + 5.200)! OIE 0 3770 +2! sy ETOH 7+ ues ws ay oF 20 = Miz + a + 7A) 1 wonenba uaai8 arp Jo wH0} Hoquics ay, + ) 22t= 82 + he + A wonenbs tem 249 Jo woos jesoua8 omy puy 0} sra}eurered yo UoHETTEA Jo pouyatn asp (vy -¢ wo [rzs00+ 27146701 oa 7 Pee reat eteh}ez [7800 +7 uIsz- = XZ $09.- Tec moll) Te gi-a_z Ta i zeaz- _ ines 9t+az— \— — A oye P= 27809! Bo xz0098t+D¥~ K1+a) “uopinjos pasmnbar Wee oa nt AE ate 31D = pa >< [Beds e- we 2,214] Se pues [= —__ SOUNNEHLVH DNRESENTONS i [ee] [Side p- FOE, 7h Cee stot P~ 278 2,2"9H FL z. eet ort Pn 8 ste e ee + 2+ y 9 x Be P+ "OS 2, 210p-| +a - , z L z I Pet Ot MOH PER POT a aejer = aie tor ,roermer 8 a f jo anqea ayy Surana Cr tO ete A 9h at5 4,919 ramar 2 o wornjos aidiao> Baeho pl-as+ 0 _ ast A, HOGS, 4 SEE - T 1 (pre wires 2 ae Sagava sans aah ee q] P. Lid = 2 Bee Ptde= 2 128 am “x yxrM sapis yog SuneMUAZaRNIC “3009 514 J0 26-9 280d wo ZT “OND *Ls2}d tafoy it 2 pa eogetoa sp DAP Gh +e + fz + xp cis ® — Wopenba TeHUBIAYsIP 24 30 UoNNIOs ayy pur 904 S141 J0 #9 280d wo Z ONO “t sordeny> safoy + o ta Fp (ole 4t) he onenbs jenusioxsp a%9 aatos (0) -¢ Gey “ = A worenba ayy 24y Fp = ISM “gle = A wopenbo a aatos *yoo9 s1y3 Jo ¢g-5 a8nd wo § “ONO “e sade Jafoy TOS ymorp ap uty 9mm soraz axe b 2830 ue 4 yuan ayy ATTeNEU pue S/T = “uonenba woay8 ap jo ayy puly are b Brey ay pur 19 ou ATrer of 2 | 2421 uopenba ayy sayses | qaumo ay “] 2uePAPUL PUES € Rte d d® -fApue 442 _ Pe t= = 20 Texous8 au amnansuod ‘aayaurezed st d ary * ; og pura uy () tuo aynazpp & 0} 0 = 7 18 paride stad ws Oa -yure UY (®) "FO wo 01 “ONO ‘¢ sidona 19% Teap+ re =fige— AG +I E+ A T+ 20) uonenbs jenuareysip ayp Jo uonnjos a12}duo> 2 PUL 398 9m (W) ux Jo anyea snp Sunmansa € z- y= =f f+, 254, toma ae Ege. aa ae 1 wore £ a4 do = pax [p+4rocan J-c4 2+dpz( 24) | = (bx 1 @ yo uoHng0s Tt { ‘d/pue x ur uonenba swouy vst yon 2 = a1 am 4 a pee te, *P E ate pete =! xp ere] Pde— xz edz =d Eder a a = See ee a ISOLLWW3HLVW ONIESaNION Gusavd a1dnvs aw ewea ‘anbrun pasmbar ayy st = 2 "| = ieee tne =1-=a a2 'U=z4Atparz i than ty wonenbs xmeut aun 0} fenbo st uonenbo yo woyehs == Fy Suneadg “uopnyos anbrun e sey pur jusys}suod are suon sumouyun Jo saqumnu = ¢ = [V]d= (a: Too 3 {€ = suui0y uoyaypy ayy ut smox o19z WOU jo requ = [_ zis 8 ol Tile 1 | zis ec o|~ tite 24 hy + Sa = 8y Sunesado zie 3 dl pis 6- ol wis fo Cit E98 a vo hae - tase Tas -‘u- ‘a By — ta <4 Sued Tit 00 #5 ss Ba hac ojo 0 of flex mado tei 1 0 : Ht oo poyduns ax 01 171" Ao ee B - man fn s8 fe 3 lay yo Aouans1s? * 5 Nou3s on i ——— IFSOULVHaHILVHN ONTUSANIONS . anna(eee m-7-.). 5 WG 9F+ ONT) + 1090014 6 m6 4 1) = _ + \so0(3. 2. He , Be 7=O+D =| 55 HOH) aiid Treat —wy ser moBiomp st Suey = “ng i uss 9 us (1 dary +) usiioapa ty = “oz , ssaflroayp/so819AU0: ayuyut Sarimasijeg Yax pu “nx yuyu sou oraz sopou sty p= MGs W/L pst Ma wt Ta u/s ‘ Be Kem 0 «2,0 SH i o ; Trgser S pes = joao ayy 189.1 ( aie -WSOLLWNBHLYW DNISEENIONS n pur wasoay} WOH! oe ee amp yo sit : Fasava mans asi!7 Bs] SOD =X e gutsy _ 1) Oe = x09 = | 280° = As (¢) wo, roan Asus (g) wos 2809 = 9 UI & 3,509 = gus 10 AO? = O21 « Ayu = 09 = 9 AM Agus 4428 om Buippe pur ( Fi ysoo x ms = 9 300 é ey Pe yes ¥8 am sured AreuySeun pue yred tear Supenby cay (4. uns x 900 (A 1) $00 x us = g wis 1-9 909 « %9-*D = 6D pur 5 - % « % Superdog | = Gian us = 9.2 @ AI = G9), U8 321 05 -ayaue Bray ‘sured AreuySewy pue yeas 0 ayeradas (@) «e) 1009 S141 fo L¥-d 80d uo (4)6 "ON O ‘ZLOR hoy sadug uowssondy Ayssioayup sof ) ee 9pacmomnns gps0o TT gz 8097 + go> ‘891198 au Jo uns ay) pul *(OBEP) MUS = f= 4.2 50 Wed An © (OREN) 9 x= aso med (USP) , MUS = 10 puis = & WWSO1LVWAHIVW ONNISSNIONS asi 1 #0. fhe Ne We FPWR SE DeXO 2q 01 0 = P(A DN + xp(A NW MOHOHIP 21) 30} vorpuo> qua!oYIns pue Ax¥ssa09u a4], 19g “uonenbe jenuaraysip yexa ue aq 0} 9 = fp (A) N+ xp (i yy, Monenbe oun 103 suonspuo> yuapsysns puv Aressa90u au 91615 (1) & A ‘wornyos parmbar ay st g=24 244 x tee ple “A.we 5 (=) > uogeondgmin ’ ]onnIos parmbar ow 5] 0m24 r+ x 40 3+ ee et 2020 ay) sa}u—p nL + (i; oteese [+ seal2)o [=e St (%) Jo woRNjos oy a1 aH ore—=9-4-[t El ivi anf ea 4ur wonenba seauy e st yr ae" =v om A los xp xp _ xp 7 es 2142 somoveq (y Pa 2E oy = A guping en USI 7; stinosog (Ba PE : fez { Bley ee on 0 enc os pr ) 9001 4 f §7-5 280d wo 7 ony » ‘A NowENbS TerUa:953%p ayy antog (a1) D Zaaideys sapy “105 ie. sat dice = 7 2 ce von ay uopenbo jequasayp vow ou 05 fp 2 = 39 (a+ ire h wonenbs penuazayyip ay) aajos (1) “1D v-Nouas cE zs09 ~ astern ar T pone = @-=2@)-= 4 8unmay Brom? Ech ee. [20t-Wvia] 1I-SOLLWWAHLWW ONTUaaNIDNa AWW ‘didWd NOILS3NO ALISUSAINN Suadvé S1anvs Gew[sa] “EY Puy auay + ne h eer tf. “epEUE aU JOy WaTOSyY VOHTTUIE}] AI]Ae Apa, +9 Sspeur g saHe> uoRDes 1M) UT UosaNb y>ey “240 ‘-NOLLDaS “p00 sit J0 68-9 a8vd uo ct “OND ‘¢ sadery> safoy - ‘MORETTIIs0 we Jo 9uTH am Pury “s~ASudq eye roy) ‘suns ay) Jo suoysuayxa ay 9q 41131 Lye? are uNprquMba uy suorsua} asoym apseya Aq syujod aeauy yy papauUod | pur 2I1qGe) YOUNIS e UO g puL y sux on eee ee ee ee re 30 opn y uaasS jo wonnyos aun 286 [yg pP(SA—€)+ yeren?™(SP-8)}- = — agp ?+ age [nga (P40) + xepizy?(Sh-8)]- = Aga (SP €-) + ngpeey?(E- SP) = Hg aP PS gpa PSH nga? (SP —2)* agro (napa? ugpee? 9S (agro? + ngne? p= fone) *. Z: on apa ngpeze”? = * Pet ay suonenba Aserxny 0=*(L-ab--@) 100 = +x (G-a¥- O= t+ xG- 498 9m (1) ut yy Sumnd “x (¢ - q) = 4 (2) B aq asym "9 =h-x15-P wr “onhasg-% “0 haxv+d et = x anual =u e0= 1-m- o= x6 +A Beta is onenbo juoip vost 1 id] 1) B01] $02 z — [ex + 1) Bop mss (x + 1) Boyfson 'y = 6 , 28097 -2509% +209! =f St uopNjos ayaqduso5 -- 2509—=2p2uN8 fer runfzz =a sys amr zs = z 1+ A- Lt - z= rue =1d ‘MON us % +2509! 29 s1-rD )== 0 8mming..) eu zusz= ML +@+(1-a6) 328 am FZ = pasaum (wrt 09 ha ct + Deda e+ D Superdog =r pue[-perepartl )+2d se uaytim aq wea uopenbs jenuazaysp ward a Ea Pe (et p Bons = A+ FH + Ey HD uopenba enuasssstp 21 2afos *€ D yoog sup fo 1g-D 280d wo 11 “ON ‘1 #xdey s2fey TOS ip x A x2) +#0 (Rx2+ AE) : wopenba renuazaytp amt 2105 ZO + SUR g SISTED LORDS ‘@-NOLLDAS ‘ur uopsonb wed : 330N, pur y Jo anyea wa8te palre jayeur azenbs mn nok op 124M (9 yea way ayy Aq puerszopu uodsaxs0> x79) pue S2nT _ e ip ws + Ae UNS SIZ perenne es Jusava Tanvs oon re suopenbs jepuss9y51p snosueynuns ec aw antes *¥pis fe] ¥ 8. ot fms ‘few aa ¥ [ve 9 o1- . ere T= |=! rj an (1 =sautinpn FZ por To [ada ) y aah gy i ‘couse uation wa EZ 4-~ LD ele = | lt IR on0y “sayae qua8s9auo> & 6 z+ = "nary y(t K sous oy __PAUSRES are 369) 6.z11UqII] Jo UORIPUOD ay og -. : Ss O<4y “n> ty peer eriet c (LeupeuyyupLeuy Leupeuy wa Leu Cra Tue up Te —ap ~ Mp+up US LeU ten, Ss aE tnt mony SEEM hg MD on a T -y- Ue 9 OH aI Sm wl=|c- € 19 @ tIVevrsY, r “suse: weg th WN 4 1 Ht ay ee ahronsagied A PERE a a Rae "I-32 1105, we Ver, Ute ve 9 ot-] [r- 9 9 mw z|s|e- & Tt eee 9) Lt tele sai ¥9-] [rei- sui- 9 ze-|+|96- oF ze |= 199+ VE“ MON ze-] 96 ze W-. quawayeye amok “quazaqwo> Apeynjosqe you nq qusilzenuod of y>qya eopE6 © yo a]durexa Ue ‘auaizanun 6 sopz3e amy usu gan St CN pure ua" “saps Saneusaye Ue aq (ND uA ‘0 < “ny “) ‘sousoe Supeurayqe yo ‘SA~ pur any Ajaaqeusay? ‘Seu98 Jo sutiay ‘sopsos SAHPULDITE UJ “sali96 SuNPUIAIE parTeD s] 0 <“n Yo a19YM woe AL =) + + Yn En + Ui — bn sussoy ang Jo ca1596 y “105 “soos Supeusay[e ‘soustlraauoo oy ye9) OF 9pm ¢z17UqI>] ais so[98 SupeUIDyye ue sUyDq (v) “8D 9009 S149 fo LLT-D 280d wo zon “p siden 42/24 “10S o= = ‘y= 0+ feos monmbe mojo wos og sy por cnn ge (FeDUvnaniva ONNaaNONS — 328 om Fy Sure But De iy v1 ot v xrnew uaa a8 r eres Gusdve siawvs cerENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-| —————— ——— ~~ (1-4) (3-A)-8 =0 > 4-4143-8-=0 R-M-5 =0 od) ley-Hamilton Theorem A must satisfies its characteristic equation (i), we A?-4A-51 =0 wld) ing (if) by A“, we get A - 41-5A71=0 1 Laff 4] pr oy ap-3 4 at aga-ao=Hff, to shea al 1f-3 4 sce é if 2 th d sin 70 in powers of sin 0. have cos 7@+isin 76 = (cos +isin@)’ [By Demoiver’s theorem] = cos’ 0+7C; cos® (isin) +7C, cos? Olisind)? +7C3 cos* AC sin)? +7C4 cos? (isin 0)! +7Cs cos? Aisin) +7Cg(cos0)(isin8)® +7C;(isindY” = (cos” @—~"Cp cos? sin? 0+7C, cos? @sin* 6—"C, cos® sin® ) +i (7 cos® @sin@-7C; cos" @sin? @+7Cs cos? @sin® 6—7C; sin” 6) ig imaginary parts from both sides, use get. 76 =7C, cos® Osind—7C; cos* Asin? 6+7C; cos® @sin® 9@—7C, sin” 8 = 7(yetn®d)tepreenlneee =7(1=sin26) sin pts 6) sin2@ Lee ses 2: ae dcain’: +e sin? @)sin° @—sin’ @ = 7(1-3sin?4+3sin*6—sin® 6)sin9—35(1—2sin20+sin‘ 0) sin? 6 + 21(sin5 6 — sin’? 6)—sin” 0 = 7 sin 0 — 56 sin? @ + 112 sin? @ - 64 sin” 8, which is the required value. the general value of i. j [2nzi+Hogi] x, Fann [ jay i it acet bose the general value of if. 2 ; 1 for what value of “a” does the series); (S ae 3) ee n=2 re= { + 34+ Of +] $ x> 1-405 UaBIOAUOD 51 SaHI98 uan.g ep poe () Sururaus0> we & ena 4 ate # erg ue WIM “WH'S © squDsop HT FEU MO\S UaMT “FH WIS q + 411 809.9 = x femme, ¢, 1\* ‘hq wang8 st aur 3yStens © ur appzed v Jo yuouranerdsyp 20 JTC) FEE 1) sooreg sues oxy “t= ay Ue Ae xto+, tla A 40 wo -quanraauoo st pue S91198 d.ewID}Te we st yory gthitgnae tote: a fey (0) s2onpas s9uas avy “1 = x 4 emote to=h ‘1 suoRn}os € (ym pee 2419 [a] a0 < Fl 205 wa8raauo> 1 sop28 ua9i8 1601 ones hg wren @ On Weiler e? F 0=9-0~ Per eeest abrat arr | <8 in st uokyenbe Areqpne si, Bl) EMS eet yee... o= fo) 109 0= M9-9+(L- O60 Let Quetta ahd 0} saonpar (1) 5 = 9 214m (1 - 099 44 2 *'O &q ax avvidar pue HA (i= tne (1) = “n i a & cy x80, =7109=% gunang 2Biaaua> ‘amg FE 4 Ex sayas amp s00p 2, Jo anten reyes 105 = f(9-ar+ ,4;*2) er wopenbo wani8 ayy Jo ui0s aoquids au "I9S aie sie oat anti umurpeur amp st 31 epnarydure ayy, atten att 5 (ziti), Htc} al 7 Jaa ~ eas BEEP a tem poe BET = ne vox ho 22.427 xz vonenbo ayy Jo woRmpos yes2uad ayn wreao @) on ho FEr te ott UO E © to? = , 140 anya sip 4¢ 2 F=f ey = 1909 + us 0 xe ¢ pe = z = 3901 woy sues apyied ayy ust Ne fg=n pus foe alters WH'S Jo ase 51314 4 spremo paysautp sXe yuiod paxy e wos} eee q \dstp 91 0} yeuonsodord s1 aponsed v yo uoHes9}202" 428 2m ‘0 = APN + xPIN WIM uoRenbe TP um upryas “0 = Aphx 9 + ee xp uopenba reauaieystp 2un Jo onyea painbas x gil = (qr! WIS q + 491809 0) 2rt— = HWS 7114-1 $09 211 D— = ayy wayp pur 1= 997 0= 1-95 _ euet) _ qou- wy remereasaass ¢ Guaava sianvs 03 (e+uyz+4) =p + (1-9) 44809 11 q + jr ws ny ~ = 1 18S als hs WUIS4 + I s00 0 = x ir omianre mmaMon, +e ay n gH agi? xg PE-| ie Bere een |e se 3F 20 'n¢.9 = none om ‘0 (2)% + 1 (2) ypIO 3 Surredwo> se PHO ag 2) = Ta 71 ” ete =weo=ue+ 20 Pees ep i 4(6+a9 +a) S{ wopenbe uaard ayy Jo wix0s oHoquids ay] -Jog ete 04 A uonMbe pequass aie 241 J0 woRinjos fexsua8 ax pur; oj sz3yourezed so oH HA Jo poyyout 9571 (») “¢-O eas0201 =a mM MON, Hie sa geto e002 =f . Tat+ao=h St UORNIOS aafduroo ayy aouapy - [emGosmsen? muss] 7] ere 1 = fi [tary 5s S012 [bon-2+ 2) 508612 (9 9 =} . » "7 + xj? 2080089} ea 8 a (© 416) pur () wo anjea asap Suning [eee Bi an? = saan +E arin: OMG OESOS T [peta 1 a wo [ea] 398 om ‘Sops yo Uo (p) 40 1 — 0} | BurBuEy) [ i+2)mpmarcoomi—1 [ap * » 0809 80] 29809 xl : (vas: x0500)] [mr = 4-a 2 for=o"s8 ‘| P2098 py? Jone = mest son, mayne apes naire. 4 = xvses22 424 axp pu wow “or97 aq b af! rae 2p ATEHEUE 31 DIL = 2d yey os aoueuosax oj pauny st ymax a =2,?,, 2” wdusa=p sgh § 4q uasi8 st zesuapuo> © jo ayeid uo b aBzeyp oxp ymozp y-5-| Ue UT (0) “F“ x9= A[z1-ate+32)- a¢e+72)] uopenbe waar ayy yo uusoy 2oquits UL, 105 1x9 = fizt — A(E+*2)— A (6+ 22) uopenbs jepuarazsyp axp Jo wopnyos [es2ue8 au PUL (2) (£80141) sp 2¥ + xp 2082419) = A ‘51 vor njos aya{dwios 2ugH J L ge teHOe-_» (etaDo4 4 (caylee f a Be (8014 1) 5g 9 = xg 228 31+ a? +, oH i i Be x80] =27 = [-© ae ae L 81 @) Jo uoHnjos jesoua8 bailey oe vs ea eee TT "SOLWABHLVH ONTSNION wn) '9 cr eg ans oononpoad ayy pue wns oun PUES OSTY "UoIssaxBord 943, © ws0y Haagen ‘au ery aaord 0} WIAIORNR S,2IAIOW2C] 257) (0) 9 5 -yo0g suys Jo 112-9 280d wo 6'ON O'S Aardoy> 12} (+1)- (E+) Al ) teaAT S sapras Supmoyfoy 24 JO axaarpjaruadi9au0d ayy} 103 ys] ( -yoog seu fo ¢07-D 80d fo Z7°ON O's 421don13 sah “05 ssofronpyeBioauoy (gaye + x e+ ele ow ‘sapras oxy s20p ¥ JO Sanfea yey 305 382, (v) -yoog s1y9 fo 651-2 280d wo ZT ONO “(Ht WoHH2AS) F 42idey> s2foy “1 oer Sos |= Vv SS) ae xaneu amp Jo siopea wa8ye Suypuodsazios ayy pur sanpea ua8re ayy PULL ( -yoog siya fo TZI-D 280d wo 91 “ONO *F 421do w2/om “suonnjos ayuUT GH) woHNIOs ON (18) UOHNTO: sey q= 20 +hz+x‘o1=7¢+fiz+x'9=2+h+xsu ‘ayy 4, PUE ,v, JO anTeA yeUM I0J “zeBHSaaut 0} poyyouT >uer ayy 257) (¥) “9 “ D-NOLLDaS -uopnyos parmbar ayy st “4, uej-29+1—A uel = x a 2+ 6, we2(1—A U8) = 24 AL-D=9+ A pi=pzT [-e : A+1 T [p= fo A of, wersuand] rempt [moe tee, we EE [= 1, an?* i 2+ Apa DD | ey st uonnjos ayaqduro> % — WSOLLVIBHLVW DNISSNIDNS -yoog sist fo T2-d 280d uo z10z fay s2dod di- Is 10 2,4 hyve? = ek P= = al anu uv f with (ma? +f +h a) ae We fe ancy am D= 2a agin 4 SupreditioD 1+A s +A fp . 75 + te x-A, we XP se way aq ues vonenba TenUatayIP uaatd ey 19S = fp @— A men 27 (T+ ZA) ) 0a hp (hx =a ict) + 2PM Ait 2 AAD uopenba jeuaragstp an 24105 (2) 5 °O € = A vonenbs wants axa pia Suope df'o+ ,d-— = * edt . dpe oe 2x90 94 yet = = med ool a4 le Zcotdp df [Eset T 94407 enef80 = ase late Jasava sianvs ae rr— = O=Ayus109= x50 09 (~) wory 0= A quis x s09 99809 = fi ysoo x us 38 am ‘sued AreuBeun pue syed yeas Sunenby 999809 = fi ys x $09) + fi ysoD x US & 922509 = (1 +x) us - ev sof (DEUISIE PE) ne pana * EU oups+0s00)1+1=51+ mon (zm! + 2280) fi +x (9 20509) MIS 191 “TOS 1 pam Et sosouei = 9 a ‘syed AreuySeuy pue year our (9 22802) , 5 a1er3d25 (a) TPES L+H 4 3 (e)= 2] ee csn\¥e BEM oumy 5 vans og aa ogee o ye +H ares pelT=)= jut) = EeE +07 UlSs- er + DUIS H 4 tect ADEN eye are peut tt AL = syoos u 2satp Jo onporg sou9s ay) Jo uns 24 PUY (2) °6 “OD, ‘0=A pur (g 20800) , mis = x aouayy) (g 22809) , ts = x € 20809 = x UIs “929500 = 0 Ys0D x MHS (z) woHy + azsp pur 9 spi =1-129H| PS 2p os eg EL Siaeep=17 (gal, Ge DI AXE O=hel= ne z =< 0= Ke= ran) = 0= A yuts way 11 ase: (109 = 9 29800) 80] = A 3ed ArewnySeun pue z/x = x = yed year (9 302 ¥ g 29809) Bot = A 9309 = 929809 = —— z = #0, 295005) 939500 O= 1 + 9 29809 07 — iz? z (922509 Z = 5.2 +92 € 922609 = rd as. __ Sova atanvs cawENGINEERING MATHEMATICS: ————————————— | 10 0] fi 00 =|-1 1 0JAlo 1 0 001} [001 erating R, > R3 + Ry 11 3 10 0] fi 00 0 1 1| =|-1 1 OJA}o 1 0 ooo} [-11 1) [001 Operating C3 > Cy - 2G 11 0) [1.0 0} [1 0 -2 0 1 1| =|-1 1 ojAlo oo o| |-1 11) [0 0 1 o o Operating Cp > Cp —G i fete 1 -1 * F 9} . pac, where Pe!| 11a 0| aude] De 0 0) 11 re Oe 100 Teale Clearly Bi = |2xeek 0) eetee tr arre ee Naieet me any Ad Deu ; Hie eae ie. P,Q are non singular matrices and normal form of the given matri: 8 [° a} f=)eq oe See Sean O= e+ y+ by « 0} _ [a]fe- 0 oF Ol” |Alic— z- 0 0. erat 498 am “ty — Oy « Sy pure ty ~2y oy BE rd ieee Behr: Bnd) aah = Na pe fy Fy = Sy Suneiado FT ET TO) LL GB Dies ert te f Ove aa o= e+ 4+ y S (000) = ye -41+ 9 + C12 000) = (€-'t'9) 4+ = Sxty + Eaty + Ext ty — Fy © 'y tue - 8y = £y Superdog, p © T orne t (19) = pu LD) 8101994 J0 198 Fy hy Sunesedo if | a < tt FE) yeu ayy jo quer oy PULL Vy reo Tt 0. ‘quapuadapur Apreaury are sioyoaa wal “ eye ese 2.2y 4 tty oncy a 0 = $398 am “q) us o = &y = % SUH 0 = % aaey am “(uy ur g = €y Sunind “0 = °y (2) en qusava sianve ON lel Fool via ivwonraaanionafe [ea] ‘we z. 2) 1+) 50 sanqea anos “aon; wd an MO} “aon z z z gag gegueat geet eet o=sam uel om = poe S36 60 98 a -S(r+ aS z % a+ HD) Fup aap et Gg ecg he sa8ayur Aue sty axaye %y [C2 + 2972) US E+ (H + 297) $09] = ours romsy+(6s004600) | h+x pi MIS E+ 2 809) = ae S fax ; Juavooyy s2610"2C 44) Ereuer+ Ses) = Gus puis1+(6s0— 950) Az 198 we ‘od a sim ss (Ermss+ sos) =, ,<(usargsooy = (1 +H 4 att) = 1 = wea Sf 1 moys way “¢ urs 1 + 9 809 = A pur ‘g UIs} + g 80> = x JI) “g/z=9 © Sf =9 ve ancy am Suupratp € shpat etc! EF 298 am Sunppe pue Suen samc enn enn 4 - oot , z gusa= Z puegsoos=2 wr 4 bam es , sof om) F 23 %-% <£ Suneiado |z z | ~ 242) yo sanyen a wl i)” yea ap [Te PUTT ( OOoL z : Pes = : € 00 z cae t= Ok ee $40 | ease oe us 4 ee fy Sep St gg ‘ oe a Zy-fu+ Sy Suneedo |z zo} ~ guguit+ = soo {Anak a-=29 ee et so 0014 ue |F-0 ic. Be 9 t og Lego Sy tata = Summed |t Z t]= Vv P17 I- ot e tt aasoy euoSesp on|T ZT] xpnew au mpd I- oF ———— sane pane co —acS ta. ee ue O=— =n = ny i pue aouanbas Surseasop v sf {"n) a1'* Yn < Yn = pe=gor= a Summa Taye Tage ne te eae oi o< ee =t*n—"n MON {sqres 0%) Se le ae ae ce ee ee etn: : 1 oat Dane TMs _ 142 = 1+ Yn pe LONE Aressa0au 91H YEU MOUS ¢ fip N + *p Wuonenbs ba ‘quaBraauoo st sa1as usaf ayy ‘3s3) 001 sAyone Aq Fu ¥ con = (p/e—¥UZ)UIS! 4 —21Z)809 Bae) — E200 =(9/ #— x21 H(0/ # He Baggy taro a(o/ sesame ¥ pop ¥000— = (4/4 — HSH (F/ HI ~ eel EJ oan saeea snaitoorp 4 30% a al Es * =) T Sot So] S| ‘waroauod sy saq198 Wants “3S9) sals95 24 at DO : i ee aan Sasava a1anvs[era t= fe-x6+q) are suonenbs uaai8 ayy Jo wi03 ayoquids ay, jos *0 = (4 0 = (OpxaEm VoMID -0= A+2z+ TP y= xe 4 heh a 7 6 Z i uonenbs jepuarazsip snosueyinuns Su;moyjos amp 9aj0s (8) “¢°D 23 By 84 0 ¢ 20249) = » pace ON D2 ido sa 105 = A+ fz — ,,A yepuasesgp 2p Jo uornyos ay2[dui0> ax Pura (4) A e exalt fic~,/ Buis- MIDE YAS pp FOHE) 20+ »E- 3 ¥20N OZ sade 22h "10S -srayaurezed jo uoneuea jo powjau Suysn L Jo wor njos yexaua8 3 oer [Bag aertnef Eg oe> }a}- =a = fig +,f9 - ,,A wonenbs oui so wop nos reioued ou uiead0 (#) 7 °O y 7 Pe @-NOLLDaS z o= [F+§- crs '»| ata Bye way Lac = A ue [zp 81+1]}7= * 10 a8 ax (1) Ut (@) wHo4s f Jo anea axp 8 p/seewq= fh pue Zp80) = 1-77 Babe 2y5=0 48 om ‘sapis yjoq to sued AzeuSeus pu sized yes Sutenb = ¥ ee =f+0-D - ya. [zene]-egyan= #0 -_ ‘€ Ba 2p + 1: fh @ (E-)8- «2+ Zaye Boy + sacuz = (At+2)801 + A+ 2x Bort uz st (¥) JO 'S'D dtch w pBop = 1- (+E * (§-)£-ag—1 Aaw (E+)2- Iie oyu asayen ‘uz +(T) _mener LeUnset = 1-6 a E+1) a +@) 6+a9+ 2 EO 8 =e vd se? (Fo + 12) 81 (¥) I "e-"e-= =u © O= Ye +m) & 0=6+ 9+ MST wr w-= h(6+09+ 2) w-= fy+ir+a(e+a 3e8 om “(a1) uroy (1) 3UNDeE O= K+ a)ig+ay+xG+ De = yx (G+ Qe 398 9m “(H) Jo S9PIs MiOg UO (¢ + q) Bupexedo pur z Aq (1) SULA a o= A+ a) +37 PHN exempt” eecoresc gt |aus 234250012 = (28242500) x9 11D ioe 3. {Gs zuisz= A(L+26) =parym ‘usz= A[L+a+(1-#6) 2 r 308 am () ut (1-99 Aa Colt + D kaa (x +p Superdog (r+ p Sol =2pue 1-9 =¥ e9= 4+ 1 Sung B — qammym (e+ 1) Spusz=A tae D+ de ge uayua aq we> oRenbo yuasaysp woats OU 10S do suysn &q e+ 1) Sor msz=A+ A+) +A 4D yduro> ou | wogenbo jepuasayyp au Jo woRRIOs 29 7 cuognyos pasinbos ou) 5 a me 2 Baers a - I ot ya8 am (9) PUP ee ee Gunava sans oatora ZEres- or 6 ¥ = Avnet | Bye Or Hy O beg a ‘ye v ot 6 [: : re fi tvsmato fi eas | (ian coe ge ‘ayy Jo asioauy ayy PUL OF IF 26M “WRZOIYA WoITTUTEHT-K2qKeD ryEIg ( st St Lg Sh ay c~ 4 pammbas amp sj SL =zpue St = 4/Sl = x aousy ° a - Ww — FE oe- 0 0 uy smox oaz-uou jo zaquinu=(y)de |z- 1 9 |~ y z- $ IH € = [a ? VJ JO wo} ojayog ur Smos o19z uoU Jo saquinu = (A: w- } 06 00 AO | oO fe Ss iH ———_____ ; I-SOLLVIHLVA ONIESSNIRNS eu) pu sks oxp Jo Sousystsuo> ayy 160) 0} poyyaur yuer oun 2871 (#) 9D O-NOLLOaS 6°N OE 4D 42fy “10S way) o1az aze a8reyp ayy pue wasn? 247 Aqrenres pue SUT = wa zp+ ht—!9 = 20-4 x—20= 8-9 3 upHin wen = ay < Th Pere ete. tn “Trap of " TAH ee ote oon erat Te y al, [29-2 a-2. 9-6 p-|-|z1+z- 949-¢ z1-8 &. Poe BI-LL 9+97-! 9° a9] [ze 2 6 u- 9 ale ge a 9 a vx li- a el) Hoo] |t zt] |z-2 6 J yo 1 ojerjz- 1 zjo-jz- e pee Meort) it ey) lt- a e ye8 om (Z) WET “ZV “Y Sonqea ayy SuBIMINSqNs wz 4 6) ft zupe zo ‘ Pers et|" z= tz\t=eb cin ny rae) bt ec lt ¢ + O= ILL- V9 + 2V9~ eV O= 1-19 + 19 el 0 O= 1+ 19-219 O= YEH IDFA cl- ze + Seth + BO O= (+O +(E-HE- GEO oF [y+1 =n ae (gn Ga gael Ke Sf soli0s u2At8 YI ‘ToS T+ pup ts ssoBrontp/saotra8z2auo3 ger eet & sopias au x Jo sanfea yeYM 205 162.1 (2) “8D “00g sup Jo 281-0 #8nq 40 OL “OND “6 Hiden 4292 “10S -Areur Agarnd x0 oraz xowyo axe xyneu uepautzay Mays ¥ Jo sone waBy> Jey aA0%d (A) 7 a % wai9 capt as Sco [ fo ]- L =. 1 Pure sonyea uaSte sy axe 9 “¢ ‘Z- = ¥ OH “yoo siyi Jo FLI-D aBng uo “oN “F sanded 42foy “10S Tranvs aan addSorat coe WP heey Bop z : es wf 2 =n TOD) Sojoe 30 18 2m 4,30 smear aap fe “CHE)- pue gp og eR | — 7 (H48))- = 1-6 -=E-d-p- + (4800 #7 auras aug so aoua8i9au0> ainjosqe axp yea. 9 9 9 9 —n ie argo foal Fuss 2 ne =z -T=uSunmg 0 = 487 + %yo+y'y p ffs x ysoo p + fsoox yurs Ayo ann st 0 = ‘0 “Ny + G TOY + LT == lym om Koy 4 tyr 4 y! ‘Armoun a6 0 19 = % PUR CL '1) = TK 4 ye ieee Ps S10}990 uaa ay“ EGR nanvs oa 7;buf -%y Fy uy onto zo ysol~v LZL 308 am yz + tye Oy ZL oO _—° zize|7 ¥ Lz jad om q+ ty « by Sum ave PT Tes zte-|7¥ I-te Rat c a «| eso evs ou Jo ayqesteuoderp st F ats yas yuaSraAu0> v st | “|X IS -sausas 98190 ¥ 5} ap= , 0-800 | remnap Atje2quoyououtr pur 24+ 5be” =a x22 2?-| _|a nl, ane a ,.2 =m ony aM 'a (3% +m Onto I Suediny ag xz2(0% + pany = pg m1 Oe i 329 + a9 81 (1) 30g > = MO = (T+) (1+) @O= Z+wEt WS EY sy (a) us = A+ e+ a) St uopenbo uaat8 arp jo wo} orfoquiis ayy jos “sropurezed jo uoperes jo pouyaut + , fi voyenba arp jo uornyos Texas ayy ure\qQQ (q) uonnjos pamnbar aya st'5= A 4x4 ee estos = fro [rafters ees) | D= fp (x jo yepuodaput,y Jo sutra) [sew | $1 woRnjos sit * a Peercr te lt aalenltn ors 18 am 28 hq wonenbo vans xp Suda Tt cfg A801? = 60 fi _ (hit ght weehgor _ E+ A+ pak XOe hr fis eiexore= fe + zie + efor = phe Att fer irehcX6* i gum wopenba u29i3 p= fptix- 2 fed +8 ba sine on Mo won e998 0 P a-NOLLOaS n-neeq am[Bi_ tale Tote r ao208= f wonenbs wants ayy jo wos on openbe jenuai}yip a Jo uonnjs semansed op pea ed sainbad ayy st y>IyeA "= 42 (Ax) D= 2 (L-A 4+ f= fin) D= 21-A)+12@)- om 9= me [a-Aex22 - emma 3= fro [er ca-te i sn Sq aoyesodo Su uopenbs (en Brom 3 2+ P- 1zo re 9 pur uroj eunou > | yy apres ayy 2mPay (4) I £- 10) ez4h-xiz=re+ht- t= suopenba yo ways4s ayy 30 £oua1 L+H NBA (hes) “a= * NB# 49)= tx 2a(yy syle = (14 0060+ isin @)-1/2 =(20me? + 2isinb co | ee (roms) "foe nin? Hi res (By De-Moivers Theorem) 08 8/4 Equating the real parts. on both sides, we get C= —Athen Me @ Fe URHE 9 we> uoHenbo wan ayy 405 oe. T= F5(cAx+1) fe wonenbs aun anjog 2-5 sai8ap sh oot en ae dap weno (A) uonenbo renuazayriq #2 rap ySeL{SNY xp Jo 1apuo arp st uonenbo jeHuasazsEp k Jo J9ps0 aU ae 24+xpCAD0 y are ‘A axum “D = Ad + z peauas uw - ee pan E Tdea Tete uy gh ot + ips? fi of HO} a —— 5 aN —, op on ama am \ my “wonents yewp aaoud joys am’ 22 = he Tema } Neo we 31 Kpsuaauay "PEKE 2q 04 0 = fpN + xp ory 22. fe. exe _ x0he Sibi z-@. ae ae XB fee pe Ao ree Ne ag we oa NAiduns 10 N= Ae a W Atdurs 20 (Ax) = = 398 am (g) pur (Z) Surzedwoy, enqnoqe> ‘TeRUAIaYIP word nalP (Gpg voppuny eta jaune waa!8 YL TOS 20 _ A gy pera amp 01'0= APN +P Ne We e Ep ay} 10} WORTPUD 1aPYINS pure Axessaoou au Put jaaold “F eran sio+nuax=f 10 G+ 5 -ue x78007= 1h « xz 500-7 pue xz ue = Year ves Puy 278 x7 $09 x7 Is ORDUny Om FEMA MOUS “LD Ast fit = 22 fo0 [et hors ho -gounfos yf 29uay pue LoRENbe fenuaxayTP ex s 0= Apt Ayre + Aan) + 7 (iar + foo, ye am phir hq eorer =Demg=G10y+rg= E46 se uanHsM aq ue? sy uonent o= Angee + A(aE 2)-= N poe ee SAeY 2080 = APN + xPIN WIE Suedw0> “wonenba jenuasaytp snoauafowoy e ~ anighee ~ fix) vonenbo jenuoianp dK 941, "105 [een tow = feats \o1or+ jx180-= [jor arent pre. 2s gre Seg P eerie = Txta ae ‘Suadvd aanvs aeTeRURIOP 13e%9 st YoTyaR g = fp x age as}. f ~af? eS] e e 73 am oa Aq uonenbs uaas8 ayy Suriidymyy & Hey 2801 = xSoyp9= x (9 = AT 7 fe N xe he Ne ne fixz= © pue fxg = fe A Ne we fk= N pur x2 zhit= wed am =f = i 0 PN + XPIN WOE 9 = Aix —29( 2 2h) Suuedwo> Jo x et © ze cae z 2g = 2 a me, aA 398 om ‘sapis ynoq SunesSo}u] NE eee Susava siawvs caw‘uapusdapuy Ayveauy are suonnyos uaa sous ie uns ee a te xuts =" pue xs00= ong pur Ayseauty “x wis = "A pue x soo = ‘A uownjos aug ary “FEO. -@) Jo wornjos A peer che + n0XC) + XP(a7T + 2XE) $1 UOHENba feHUAIA;IP UaAIC» *oRnj9g 0 = fiplee + 22) + plez + 2X6) wonrenbs aup yo245 “uonnyos pasinbas ap st | so>| = Bee 0-9 +1 30- = 2+ 1.0503] 20) o=xuayno=f = 0 2+ [fis03| Bo) ~ 4 2, Buneure awinBus 10.1 vest (1) A128219 edos 44] ne eee _— sasave sees a6a z eh hays vt An ~ 4 ed ur seapenb e st yorum, O= (fx + 22) -fd- de concn pe Wis 2) r= (=A) d aniog v2 De ABoiz-F +x Boe & sun om f[onli-2) [som ba jenUarOHEp EX. Ue S1 YPN ‘0 = a(i-)-x s fit so on BEE bq (30 spss on Ba 3, SN 1 T ‘qq axojaiayp ‘vonenba jenuaz2}i snouadoutoy & st (1) US fit = x-fi - ft-f ot= ANN © efi faz - = N pur f- eft = W aney am 0 = Ah yjos pasinbas oun St yoru 0)S i ya om (1) 12 = aedie 9 = (Ri x2) 80] 10 A - 20 = 37 10 sy uornios SI uonenba synesie> partes st (A) f+ {so0z Aew “L'a aa {hd So] = d uopenba rerorayp ay 94fos pur woRtenb9 sInesTeP sued ‘62 4 “uonmnjos pasmnbar ayy SF Snat2 = x2 2954 wey 9=4P if - xprueixs0s{ A uey nook 9 = ipo +xp(,2-Aeyxuey x28) [ SI UORNIOS sit qpexo st (1) uonenbs asuoy pue 22 = A2 — sy2e015 Ne We er oo eee = yal ps Se em. Fomrmnse- Ge A pas x28 = N 0 = APN + “105 [s002 “29a ‘n'L'dl ()" — 0=Aphizasx208 + xp (aA wey x wey x 208) :uopenba penuasaysep ays 24105 '87‘D ‘uognjos pasinbas ayy st As Bnamuiorgossn| sl Aq uani8 81 (1) Jo wounjos aouayy "yoex9 51 uoHENba waa oxy ee Ne we eich xex-1 (A+ 2x) (efit 22) RER-1GA+ Svat pro 4 pe Esai ao APN 47? ( ft a o- fl se uaytim aq wed uonenba [enuerea esmmbas oun 51> = 42 Gf 5 2) Pe +2 she) . Pm 0+ AE +32)- 9 (0 + fsx) i I=L e2| - e+ 2)- oes fe ge = 2= pAt+32)f- 302+ f+) 2a heal ee 1 pure fenuasayp HE we s UNI D = APA ze +P e+ At) 4998 om 3 Aq (1) Sunkidninyy, oe pel ere i om + =m re Oy =F) bi by the method of variation of parameter, Let the complementary function of equation (1) be C,u + C, v Now PL =o (t) utc (x) 0 Iwhere cx) = fe and ¢(x) = oe , vy] where Wt, 0) -|: | “ev uf() « @) = J- ae syteande@)~ lean” L. Complete solution of a (1) is =CF.+PJ. y. Method to Solve Cauchy's Coun with variable coefficients ? a" - i) Write the equation Py" Se wt Pyan 2 Pay SE] in the symbolic form Py x" D" + p, a" 1 pet fi) Put x ii) Replace x D by 0,32 D2 by 8-1), 20° by 80-1) (@- 2) ete when 9= Fa ) Then the given equation will reduce to the form of a linear differ with constant coefficients. re Write the complete solution for ¥ in term mofzand then put 2 = log x to ge Tequired solution. : Method to solve Legender’s linear equation with variable coefficients. Write the given equation. n-2 ential equation ane yr Bayer art art nse n Po (ax + by a +P, (at * Py = fx) in the symbolic fom[2] z z eee eEnse Ret oye" 0= z+ uz + 2u309 T+ ug + BER res Ce esa” O= zu) - 2 + 2H) O= hb + lh + yu O= F+ yu st uonenbs Areyxne = +45 wn ou ofan = — ; o= hy + ip wopenba [eAUaIasIP aH 28105 T° up 30 resfanuy seqmonsed ayy pame> sth puy (4) fae “4(1) wonenba Jo woRn|OS Fee hea ae Wvaail jo vonnjos au Jo uonuny Arewuowoy doo oH Pos endo yenusiayp seat Aue aq jo wonpuny Au yar ge at + wonouny Areyuouroydiso> 44 purjsropun nok op uM TD isan aaKI08 Soy = and vow pu eqsuoo ya}se woreda @ ha a+ 29/1027 20 B® onv'aia ** ae (q + 20) 801 = , a aore totie+ ee fe euros ft ae ; [srs ameuniy) Jer(Z)ertferrc oe De sg i [ses ama] b+ar—F— zf-2) - 8 = 92e-@) T : 2@-a) , 92@-) v ee eT ig = Td qa +) st-¥D ZZ = © 0 = 2{2- i) sf uoHENba UaAIs Lp JO “A'V “19S (+27 US + 2za)8 = Aelz -A) : uopenba Supmosfos ayy a4jog “9 '‘O. 9 ax ursedas pue 8u a. au “105 oun 08 aya}duso> 22u2} iar [- Mer: [rus [rps [seus se0ox-]2,9 = {sp(<502-1 [Ces | [ppsus =i Gy = rupert 2 = t BeBrg case meni =e 0 = + yu st uonenba Areqrne 5 zunsz= Ab + 26) a -rugsr= Ay +9+(t-a0) oe Beart = quay (0-66 fa za'9/a cx Samed pur ro] =ze 2= naned (eBoy) us x30 = (+8 +02) uopenbo jepuarayip uaa aup 30 wins spequués 241 TS » " s(x Boj) wis x So] = ins Zeeeet Pes.5:0 gga (edaus’>+(cfoe 2) +5 ~ ato =f atts 25+ (tuto 428007) x 1 woes duo+ xe! IS ee? OTSA eT USY),2 6 ‘St Td 405 uognjos jeuy,«. Lt 6 WS 39 22 $09 «2 = X Ut sup auoU A.) LF ee =m e0-1-y MIS 7 ~ XZ $09 x¢9 = A(L ~ 2) St uogenba us Beaten x6 ws 9 — 22 000 59 = A= cas ZUR} + XZ 225) Boy xz 900 F — az us% «¢ be Ta+a2=f 5] wor njos aaqdusoo up,wat (L4 tare a? 2 = 0/9 =m ancy am‘ ee ae + 9() 9 Td Saas inne +Mz- IY SI v st uonenba jenuosayp uaard ayy jo wos oquas 41 198 pep yo pouyaus Supen x Boj 2 = hs Az anos st D z 503 a sprue f--zute- Brand Se] mle (6+ 00. gus (¢+,@a Get Beas x2)prap+d- synsax preyodry een. 2? 1p 1 ogous jo wopenby JO] IWILNIY3ddIG HO 4O NOLLWOIIddv¥ 9elu} seydoud8] hes 22 9 my j of t= in “tas 59 p09 s] ope 2 oF “quis 8u-= hy our e st ogous yo wonenby, sanjnpuad aydims “Ar ee sods hos hae Fe 5 1_ 421 Hiwo L = pty 0 iF JP 1 5, uonow p uowenbs 2211 ® uso Tw? ee = bor A _ 0 pue t 1 Ea aiayn’ ;= a + ru p03 5 © raz 2— 2 ‘a tid su ys 5 + 21 ys0> > 20 oY wl + 1D od * i gia a I _ ecu iy G- gi e- a) 2) oh By sow (a Wz, 30_ pA P pe Ea wm |emdy 9 —— 7 Al : Z = yo wai ‘quzod pr sy ye unre x = XO aavy 2% ae ———————_ oa10-5 su tied 7 6 sp? (-98u ~ Spe Bupoe in ery ho mp om: ) ; AP 1-= Faas mp0 puget d a = 1 osu (amu “tN one unp ag 10 10 sey Sus [eiuoz}oY rAsEI® PIYHAE —E yoos) 2 = uowou pug wn po = xyeyuowous Buypuedty---- Now maximum bending Lowe manioum bending momen = {een —1) Q.3.A stretched elastic horizontal string has one end fixed mass m is attached to the other. Find the equation of the motion of the natural length of the string and e is its elongation due to Jacement § of particle when initially r = 0, v = 0. Sol. Let O be the fixed end of a horizontal elastic string OA attached at A. Let P be the position of particle at any time t, OP = 5,80 AP=s-1. For the eldngation (s ~ 1) mg(s-1) e tension, T = pan dee ‘equation of motion is my = ~T (-:tension is the only horizontal force acting on the particle) mds __ mg(s-l) ds Fos ae ae (ot) 2 msi woomesi fi fen] Complete s from (2), we Q.4, Solve the eq Sol. Given dif its solution iscorent when @ 120 (0) = % find sol. The given ¢1 “+ og? ei ‘ ispended from the end A tion produced by the mass m hanging in Q9. Anemg, inductance L, displaced through a further distance x from @x ration of mass m at the postion s © and mg downward ing force k (e + x) upward Equation of motion is x maz ~mg-k(e+ x) = hehe =k im ema {Using (1) é or af Pr Owe = = (02+ 04x =9 AE is m+a2=o = as “: Solution is z se. Differentiating war“? we 1°08 Ot + © sin wt meg : ee]_ ___ —————— Et Et {cospt SE faoat ( Solution of equation (2) is q=CR+PL EL > =, c0s pt + cy sin pt- ay #08 phe Given from (3), @) becomes Differentiating w-r.t’f, we get Sol. Let © be the fixed point, | the length of the string and Fe eer whee we AP=sand > AG “The forces acting ag on the bob are : (@ weight mg acting vertically downward (ii) Tension T in the string peer]aia ops across Land Care LS = Ld 4 - 7 oc By Kirchoff Law #4 4 295 eee Lib +t -0= atic =o a eteano where oP = a a Now eta > Gh aot Its sepresents oscillatory motion with time period Sol. The given differential equation is : é ; LosiR eee aay (p-2)-t R pK Ce eeNBD SAS Eo a k Chis © [eycospt+ensinpt] -(-E ia cospt-+cy sin] R R Rt Rt R (Q. 14. Two balls P, dx 9, Solve the equation “5 + 2h Te + 02 + pe Show that particular integral represents an oscillation maximum when ht = 1, Sol. Given equation is j Px de ge 1h Gy t+ px = ke cos pt [ese]when ht =1 resents an oscillation of variable amplitu Now Tension T; ion PB act along Pl a be the amplitude. Let the particle covers a dist and covers a distance AQ = « + b in the first two seconds. |, OP =a a, [¥ x= cost f] a-a=a.cos p 4 $=2,0Q=a-a-b a -a-b =a cos 2u cos y= S28 a-a-b 08 2 = SE eos yp -1 = Braz—— a (MIDSANPLERESS Q.12.In case of stretched elastic string which has one end’ ninss attached to the other, find the equation of motion of the Tength of the string and ¢ is its elongation due to. the particle when initially s=8,0=0 ced end of a horizontal elastic string OA of 2 particle of mass m be attached at A. Let P be the po ‘where OP = s, so that elongation AP = s = ,, Tension T = mg. for elongation S4, tension T = Now equation of motion is P, rane Only horizontal force acting on the p -- 86-0 or Soe ‘i ts symbol om (02+ ite Eno: wad CR isc, cos and from (2), Q. 13. An elastic stretched till Sol. Let the mass m, st at extension = 31 = 2i =2r Given 1 = time period = “= #a 7 ee = sje matrix equation equivalent 1027867 (ot Ax =B i]ne-[#] a. 4, ™ where A= | [% Taking BO Lael 8 Now (AB i { [sh % Case I. When B #0 AX = B ( whe Ifp (A: B)=P 0) is a system of non-homogeneous I = number of unknowns, then the < the number of unknowns, then’ the then the system AX = B:has no sol ijons is sid tobe consistent iit has no solution (Case Il. When B= Then the system of equation AX = 0 is a system of ho In this case fp (A) = number of unknowns, ten thé system hs Independent and Dependent Vectors Xj -uXy is said to be Hinearly de zero, such that 14% +X +5%t (ii) A set of vectors Xy, Xap Xqy nn s Xy is Sad to be relation of the type 14%q +A gXa + Ba e hy =hg=hy Note. If 2 set of vectors is linearly dependent, then any ‘as a linear combination of remaining vectors. = Ex00 ke Al Tis a normal form of A matrix A is 2, A has 2 linearly independent v ‘can be expressed ation of these matrix A are Tineat! Q.4. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the Sol: We wt the given matrix side by side with the unit 00 wyOperating Ry ~ By - 2 Bir We 12 8] [1 09] Bea ilo ole pms. a eel oomaany cca and R, > R,- 58s AR aS Ret es pai |=2 0 1) Operating R, * R; + 2Ry aim 0 0 19 2 -9 nee |e | Ae ee | Bias Ate|rt 1 -2 0fl zw a: 8 [0-55 5: 15) Operating Ry 2a {o -187 17; -s1 [ wii rh} Alone eet. aT Beet 1: 00 0:0 sol, Given system Letz= Putting the values of y and z in (1), we get k+3 of 2) = AT e 27k+81 _ 7—16k = = k+8- - ere i 2=16k _ k+3 Hence x= >), y= T= and =k Rare infinite solu of equations. Q.8. Find the value of A and for which the system of e 3x4 2y+2=6,3e4 dy + 32 =14, 6x + 10y + Az = has | (No solution, jearly independent ? Te18),%, 9 65:4) ‘h that 8,-3)=00 eit 5 : 5 8 3 0 0 ez zl 0 0 wort10 on 00 oo “Hence o(a=3 ‘Q. 14. Find non-singular matrices, P and Q such that matrix11 0 - ope ja} 10-140 trices. Also from ig P, Qare non-singular mat Q. 15. Test the consistency and solve the system xt 3yt7z=4 3x + 26y +22 =9 7x4 2y +102 = 5 col; The single matrix equation equivalent to the Sivan gl AX =B os 7 x where Az|3 26 2). X= [yl B= 7 2 10 z [5.3 7314 Now farBy-[3 2% 23 9 1 lz & whee 0.16. Investigate for tions : a 17 1:8 | 36? “2 EE 7 2 102s SoL The single maleIt willbe so if p (A) = 2 and ie. when n= Band p10. Case I. The given system of equations will have a plA:B) ‘number of unknowby + kg + O hy - 3k =O Sly + ky + 13K, = 0 gtk 0 ky =~ ky = 2 (Gay) * 5k, + h- 132 =0 2k 24 ky -FA+0+3h =0 Fork=1 Putting in (1) the values of ky ky by and ky we get 9. 12. (2x, 2x, +%-%) =0 mentedeS _ given system of equations reduces to er oRC > xtytzel and wyt2-1 ‘Taking z= eat, Fromi(z ataaeleast ya-3h From ay amas ae a wheres © Karelia 0 system of equal ions for k = 1 Fork=2 i 1 > youtl Argumented matrix (A:B]=}0 -1 2 : 1m of equations reduces 0 given syste 121 «14/% fo o 0 ojfz] [0 yeytz=1 ny+2z=0 yrz Taking z= 4, y~20 : from (3),x+2a+a=7 > x=1-3a Hence x = 1-32, y= 2s, 2 =a, a ¢ Rare infinite solutions of equations for k = 2. 200 1 0 2 0| andB=|0 002 0 i) 16 (iv) 12. 2 0 of Sol. det A=|0 2 0) lo 0 2) onee-|Q.2. Reduce the matrix its rank.denies x] fa wilh Hie ojlz} [0 grty-z91 ing it in (2), we get ytlak=1 y=1-14k yand = in (1), we get 3x #1 -14k-k=1 Q. 6 Show that the equations : rt2y-2 =3,3x-y+2z=1,2x- Dy +3252, x-y+zeeq) are consistent and solve them. us pLA: Bl = p(A)=g) ‘stent and has a uniTO —EOrr Q. 7. Show that following equations are consistent, Alsg ae + 3y-2 =3 x-yt2-5t=4 x-2yt 32-4 =5 Sol. The single matrix equation equivalent to given system ¢ AX =B 2 where amt 1 The agumented matrix 2 [A:B)=]1 1 1 2 1 1 ° ° on i S 3 = -2 3 =i = 1 3 = oa 5 eal =1 a =A al 1 0 = 1 0 Clearly p (A : B) = p (A) = 3 <4, the number of > Given system of eq econo eet as fe . ‘reduces to:‘equations will have an int ) <3 ie, when p [Az I be s0, ifa-4and b= 5. IGhow that the system of vectors (1, 1, 1, 3), (ly 3), Xp = (1, 2,3, 4) and Xq = (2, 3,4 (1,2,3,4) + dg 8,34, 9) = 0, 0, OF + Diy + Bley hy + 3Aq + Meg BA + 44+ 5h + diy =0 Shy + Mg + Thy = 0rom (4) by 0, Putting tin (3) we get a= 0. % Hence we have XA Ky > hae Hence Xj, Xy Xp are linearly independent vectors, {11 Prove that vectors (31,4), @22,-8) and and find the relation between them. & Sol, Let X= @, 1,4) Xp (2,2, -3) and X= (0,4 Jig hy be scalars such that ak tM * Hake “0 2148.1, A), 92,8) + 85 (0,-4.1) # 04 3 y+ yy 2h My = Hh, * a) Bayt Dg # gO +0,-O,=0 aence Cayley Hamilton 1 B = Ae From (2) A? - 112 = "emultiply by At 4 “114 ate= Ad -3A2 4B Hence Cayley To find AT Premultiph A A3- 3A= tton theorem for the matrix A= | 2 Q.3. Verify Cayley-Hami _gae_7av+ 11A?~A~10 Tas linear polynomial in A, express AP a 14 Sol IfAis ofthe matix A= [> 4 | then its |=0 1o[? 4]24)) eee Now a-a=/) 3l-4lo l= a vat a oi Q.4. Write four pre If, is an eigen characteristec i jl-A 4 1A-a] =O) 4° 4 | “0 =G-2 Ga or - 4-5 =0 since by Cayley Hamilton theorem, matrix A satisfies (2) A?-4A-51 =0 1 4yf1 4 9 16 erifi ‘ ae | (iu) IFA is an eig vertictions At=|2 3] 3] eae © a a ‘J 9 16] [1 4]_.[1 0 Q.5. (a) Explain Now | A?=4A—51=]5 47/7 4/2 3) 310 1 ) Define Hi 9 16 4 16 58 where “Ia a7] [8 12] 0 5. we have 9-4-5 16-16 ]_[0 O]_, Ae =| 8-8 ,17-12—5|s0eD Hence Cayley Hamilton theorem is satisfied f Eeample ai To find A? From (3) A?- 4A = 51, Pre-multiplying by A7 we get AMA? -4 AA =5 ATT A-4I =5A7124i 8-3 21 Sol. [s+3i -5 2 41 eae ia -| 172 -5 | = B (say) 2 [-s+5 | 5 ae |: = anaies _ _| 1-2 ae 5 * | 5-5 i 1-24 -3-58 v=) =| 3-5) “5-2 i 1-2) -3-59 -p=|-1-21 -7i 5 3-51. BH From () and (fi, we have BP = -Bie. (A= ~(iA) B= {Ais skew Hermition. e ‘ A \ 5, Prove that the -1 244 5-3! aria s|27t 7 54 | show that Ais 543i -Si 2 'kew-Hermition matrix. Sol. Givenee passa —4+2+2 ooo jean +41 See 5 2+4 2-442 1am ygonal of a, b, c if the matrix. sue Sol. \ will be an orthogonal matrix if AA’ = 1 0 2 co a a] [1 0 a b -cla 6 -b} jo 1 ay shy c Miers re mcticben OR ate reach 2 | we-2 @+iee @-P-2] fo ete goree Wirecl > 4+ 2 =1 2-2 =0 a+Pte =1 @-P-2 =0 no co Adding ()) and (ji), we getHence Let valued = 2. Then 2 X= |¥ 22 |-omndonwarda -1 4p = -1 poe ° Pi 7 jane 31 p=| 1 Nom peap=| 2 1 2 |-1 0 o1 fra 1 2) ee 0 [3 0 1 [3 1-1) a Now Ale 1 2i/-2 1 [o1 201 733 j Now B=A?+5A+31=|-8 1 8H Now from (ii), A = 6 23 6 jn 75 69] (aa 75 69 72|-6)an 7 3-3) [15 5 -5 -|-8 1 8/+|-10 5 10|+/0 2 3 05 10 Q.11, State Cayley Hamilton Theorem and hence Solution, Statement : Every square matrix A satisfi |A-al[ =0Co ee i-A 0 1, 2 2 2 aaa +0-1Q-4+2)=0 5h +22) +2-22=0 502-294 2-2h=0 = 23+ 62-114 6=0 28-602 + 110-6 = 0 ja-a] -0= 1. = 1 satisfies it. 2 + 114 ~ 6 by synthetic division, we 02 - 5h +6) =0 2 4 =1,2,3 rience eigen values of A are 1, 2,3. a1} Ba 4 4 For h= 1, Let X; = | yy |#0 be the eigen vector of A, 6 4. & For 2. = 3, let Then, (A-2X,=0 > (A-DX=0 00 Alyx] [0 = 11 1\/y,|=|° pee dl\z,\ \°. Operating Ry -> Bs ~ 2K we get 0 0 -1}[x,] [0 Cee iy.) =\0 foo oly} lo = =2,=0 andr, + Fy [rot 2, =0andx,=-y=1 jpst (eases fe00s yeha sp SAMPLE oo is eigen vector of A €0 2 1 13. Find the eigen values of the matrix )0 -4 2 0 07, 293 246 240 240 243 246 Now J A-al =0 2 Expanding along Cy, we get (1-2) 4-9) 0-2) 99 > AA Q. 14. Verify Cayley-Hamilton Theorem for the matrix A wher saL-The dursctrstc equation of mats Aig ea 3.2.4) [10 0] [= ~|4 3 2|-ajo 1 Olam 2.43) [0 Otiena ee al element Clearly each diagons ent is independent of y ~+By ght Baa) = AO + pa +p AB, - 1B, = 1)" pid AB, ~ 1B) = (A) Pt AB, ‘ing the above relations by A" an Ae 0 (ay A" + pA + A = At +pAt +p AY 4 ot raat From (1) and (2), it is clear that A satisfies its. JA-2l| =0 17. Diagonalise Solution. Characte Qu 2-2 5 3 3 1-4 2 |29 expendi = Ra en 0 Expanding long Ry (= Wy [0-2-4] -59-34-2) 43 E714 (2-1) 02-24-3)-5+ 158415 + 3h 90 es]wo equal eigen values 2 = -3. For 4 = 5, let X= (A-51)% =0 -7 2 -3][x5 = 2-4 -6l/y,| = -1 -2 -5]|z Operating Ry > Ry a “1-2 =5 2 -4 -6lly, 7s ea Operating R; > Ry + 2Ry, Ry > 2 Ys zs 1-2 -3][x5 0 -8 -16]/y,| = 0 16 32|/z5 _,.... => 2. unknown are to be tx = 3ky - 2k =3,4 50, #0 be eigen vector of — OP ike Now Hence D = sing Ry > 1-2 0-8 Modalna SAMPLES a ‘a then 2? is eigen a owen of } rn iyerse of unitary matrix 6 ate nd = Ais unitary. [eatyt =) -{ matrices have the same Es 3 matrices. « wo square matrices of the same order i ye same order such that AP = PBor B= P'AP- value of A. [A= Al] =0 From (2) and (3) wee sume that A" = Al AP -APOP| = [P (A: and we sl Il prove Now [Bal] = - Pre-multiplying (4) = (Ph pa-au Pl = |P'P||A-ATl=[1]/A-All 4 =|A-a1)=0 vi shows ha 2 |B-al| =0 i = his also an eigen value of B i Futting n = 50, 48, Hence A and B have same eigen value‘againg 0 pin he syumetic matrix A fr the quadratic a7. “pay Aas + 6ans 59 HS sal. x] lax |y| Oe 2 aa eK (A required symmetric matrix A = Y egS a. a di) . 1, Determine the eigen values and 244 Ast 2 4)let X12 | #0 be the eigen vector of A corresponding t wow his eigen value 9 ve (A-41) X= 0 [ 2. -2s <1) of toe OF ihey * -1 2 -|-4/0 1 oll|x,|=0 ([: 2 a} {oo ls [24 17 =a 0 + [tie a x2 |=|0 ees ng R, > Ry + 2R, and Ry > Ro + Ry fo -3 -3|[x] fo fo. 3 ah) allo {a = =a) |aa) [0 Applying Ry > Ry - R, and then R, > - 3 5 2-2) (2-9? Sam 0 0 lie 0 0) as og =|o a 1\\>,)=10 f a 14 )bs) lo — Applying R, > Ry + Rp To verify Cayley Hamill oo 0 i 0 -|0 1 1\\x,|=|0 10 «| [x] lo xp t xy=Oand x,-x,=0 => x =-xp=x5—k (Say) Kk => X=|-k|, (k +0 is any arbitrary constant) is an eigen k-41-0 Art, we get A2-6A+ 91-447 = 0° f gale AP 6A 4 9T 6 5) 8) a 5 6 5|-6)-1 2 1/49) 5 56) tee eed B-r -6 2 Sol. Here A-M=|-6 7-h W4 2 ne 34 where 2. is characteristic root of A. Now JA-al| =0 B-A -6 2 6 7-h -4\2 x 2-4 4 st (8-d) (21-10-27 - 16) + 6 (18+ 64 +8) + = (B-A)(6- 104 +22) + (-60+36A)+ (20+ 42)»] qe [eon ct Forh=3 let X= |) (A-31 x, =0 5-6 fn] [0 6 4 ily) = 24 oly} [0 Rand - bse 1 1 Operating Ry > Ry and Rp -> Ry 12 3 2 3) 54 2 Operating R, -> Ry + 3R, and Ry > pose Operating R, > Ry + Ry bake xy 2yy = and ty- y= 2ypand 2y, = - 4, =2yj2-%,=2 x7 Byer dy(5-6-2? -1)-1(1-2—3) +3 (1-154 3A) = (1-A)(4-6h-0?) + +2424 98 =O. > 13 +722 +0h-36 =0 or 23-712 +36 =O Clearly 4 = -2 satisfies it, Dividing it by (2. + 2) we get (a+2)Q2-927 +18) =O = (+2)@-3)@-6) =0 1.=-2,3,6 are eigen values of A. Sperating RySa" +R, es operating Bs 121 [nm] [0 fo 5 sllse| «lo {o o offz,} fo 1:1 ht Wand 5y,+ 82 no B= mand y= Taree ae cele isan eigen vector corresponding to X= 3, ta) [xs] ince l: te an eigen vector of A corresponding to 2: (A- 6x, =0 - a Operating Ry + Rp i 1A 1x3] fo) 5 1 3ily|= 3 1 ]/2| |o Operating Ry + Ry + SRyand Ry—> Ry + 3R bs abl ag4322+ Dry~ dy? - 4xz to canonical 6 Reduce 2 #2405, rite alo its rank, index and, by Hineartranaforma be dy + 322+ Day ~ Aye ~ Az 2 1 -2)[x stv 2 ap. -2 -2 3}f2] x 201 2) ae X=|y]andA=| 1 2-2) > 2 2-24, w we reduce A to a diagonal matrix. ALA 2 1.2] ong aiaeomen e 1 2-2} =|0 1 ofalo 1 0 [2 2 3] [oo 1| joo 1 Operating Ry > Ry ~ Ry andl Ry > Ry + Ry 3 2 : oo 5 Al =|-2 1 olalo a > Operating C+ C,~ $C, and Cy C+ C, 2.0 0 100 1 ating Co > opeto diagonalize the q) 7. Vee Laren ee gat dye + ‘gol, The quadratic form" xt + 2y? + 32? ~ Aye + Dry - dz vf apa 2 2 Siz 7 22+ 2y2 + 322 - dye + Dry Ae 823 yy Sol. Let ( r = 3908 2 Where y= 34+ 5y—21¥g =¥—5e aNd ys == 2 Powys tee > yn201 A- ° 20 102 Q.9. If 2 is an eigen value of a matrix A, then ». is an eigen value of kA, ” is an eigen value of A™ 4 m ¢ N, be an n x n matrix. Since 2 is ix X of order n x 1 such that AX = ax () Consider (kA)X = k(AX) = k(x) an eigen value of A => (kA) X= (a) x \. kA is an eigen value of kA. igen value of A” (m € N), if AX = "X for all m «© N we shall prove it by induction on m, The result is, obviously, true for m = 1 Assume that the result holds for any positive integer k and w her integer k + 1. oa AX = KA (Assumed) Now ak*1X = (AAQX = A(AKX) = AGN = aAX) = Max) = ak Ix It shows that the result holds for m =k +1 Hence by induction, it holds for all positive integral valu Q 10. Prove that eigen values of a skew-Hermitian pure imaginary. Sol. Tat be the elgen value of:Ae ta aa such that eescigen value of an the elements of @ unitary mat 1 sum of eigen values of square m “t product of the eigen values of Ais prove the result for a matrix of order 3 %: a bh 4 A= | by | be3x3m q fy By. Cy ic equation is |A-Al| = 0 % ei Gynk = 0, Expanding along Ry ' = AY leq —A)~ bea] ~ Bae Ha = Mg) = (ty AYIA? = (by + egVAt bag = Bae) — bh ae = Ayby)4 ult 5 Asay thy 1)? Goh gelchapter five vj, = Its converse is not necessarily true 2, Comparison Test (Statement) ¢‘ By cauchy’s root tes, given series is convergent. 2-2 ee Sol. Here 1 By D-Alembert's ratio test, Zu, converges if > 1 and. converges if x <1 and diverges if x > 1. It fails for x= 1, 2z Forx=1,ty= 2p? lim ty = 2 Dal nee nse 142" -. Duy divergent for x= 1 “Hence the given series converges for x <1 and di Q. 6, Discuss the Convergence/Divergence of the 4 (Inn)? = W 03 Sr a> a ay mm (wr _ Sigeing test are satisfied and hence ain Q.8. Examine the convergence of 1-545 =f tun 1 1.3 cpm ea. 1 a Clearly limu, = timt <9 “a nen ag My a1 <0 ws test of alternating series ) (<0)! convergent. 0.8. Tet the congene of + 2 4 SS, att ane Sol. Let 7 a FaSS ES 4.7 .(3n+1) qn. Tet the convergence of ET s#"PTMD 4JonGntD sn f Sol. Let 47.0040 Gn+49) nat = Matt” 12m (ntl) ich i finite but non lim “2 = lim Bem mle igg) 9234 Xe ( Yity 20, behave nl3+ 21, is also diverg by Ratio test the series 3u,, is convergent for 1 1 1> 5 butit fails for x= 3. «by Rabee's test series is divergent, ‘wit ». given series is convergent for x < 5won « and gener ‘Pe hich the series 2, (x) is con Tor same N. Then we say series is ose N which is independent of ch he series Zi, (2) 8 be uniformly €0 by Logarithmic the given lim Ma. Mathuw | apo 7 ik a ‘sts and is finite iff p > 1. Yu, converges to 1, where Sy = ty + Mg * tly + won + Maa * My ims, = L Alo jase 77fore by Guass test, the given series is diver convergence of the series : 12 + 3 z Tt ‘ Sol. The given series is 1=—te4 te ta 8 Role @ Sol, Here 1 Cleary it isan alternating series with ty = = i L vow a= aioe 20 4 and ty 41 - My = ie peo | entiene [n+ ; Hyer < nM "oth the conlitons of Leibnitz’s alternating test are Hence the given series is convergent. Q.22. If positive term series 21, is convergent, to show that its converse may not be true ? cera Sol, For first part see Q. 19 on page C-230. . ee |eas By comparison test pehave alike, But 2 0, = Eu, and E% feet (+ p=5 5 u, is also convergent for x= 1, ven series convergence for x $ 1 and d the give oe rues the convergence of the series : a(a+1)B (+1) a ey B- 1 (Q.27. What is Hes the convergence Sol, Let 2u, bea a > ne = 4 <,is that My, =0, The given series for x = 1, test fails. Forx=1————— sy Rao esti gen ares Sia ule fails for 2? = 1 pors?=1, ve é rss The given set Interval oF comsconverges forall yE( i wzear <0 of 73 S850 Hence the given series converges for all__—— 0 SAMPLE PAPERS, a 1 Te by root test = 740% Eup io divergent we have <1 <1 Y 8 Test the gol. Here ins unchanged when x changes tp 1 above, 2u, is convergent for 0< 1 < x lie information if x= 1. = 41 choose », = 4 ”r BD SAMPLE PAPERS hnat values of x, does the series Q. 13, Discuss for aiverges- . ne = dt ore Sol. Let cee Tt, faa sol He 2 ty WO? gan, eH) 1 “n me Dn (n+?) 2*? do? Qn42) Qn [20 1 Ln (nt? = AUn+N@n+) 1 _22n+0 ig ty 2 OD ‘a Test the cor 22h (+3) att c a (i+) By Ratio test series 2u, converges for <> ¥ < Lie x2> 4, For x? = 4, rule fails ii ty, Ont) 1 _ 2nd a Fora a ener la as tree a a4) ef] 2 a | 2 by ratio test, Su, {es 1) "bez ; ] :=1, Mth=16)=1 by Gauss's test 2, diverges: i epee the given series converges if Q. 16. Show thas the series converges if x <¢ and+ 2 ifp2 1. Hence the series 2 : r= 1 nog)?test the given series is cot --4 ae forx=- rc By Leibrite tors? 10rx< 1s gitalla #07 ect ne convergent for = vegral, © [ge ergents series 5 01 yijc series: (ci) Geometti poi ato atart 4 the cube roots of unity. sube root of unity >Sol. Giver EquiSol. Let tart (x + xt Changing i to ~ f on bothHence sinh w= tan @, 2tan 9 (i) sing» —2_ Ta 9 7 Sol. Given equation is 4-23 + 2-x+1=1 Multiplying by (x + 1), we get -H4s2-141)-0254180 Various values of x are ci cis = = - 1 corresponds to the factor x + the given equation. “tools of given equation are cis (2kEquating real parts and imag u = sine cosh B Now 1¢u2+ 08 = 14 aint = 1+ sin?a.c we sint a cook = 1+ and sinta + cosh? = wie, Hence sin aS a the Pete rrt ao t ) 7 (Q.20, Sum the series : sin a =" Sol. Let Sss, gum the series i C=1 +x cos 5 =0+xsin@ i =18i 4 "aes « sin2e 24 If tan (r+ ty) = ain (ut), prove tak es C+iS #142 (Cos) Sol. Given tan (x + iy) = sin (u + io) LHS. by 2 c0s (¢ - iy) 2sin (x (x ~iy) 2.c0s (x + iy) c0s (x —iy) Multiply and 2 MAREN gy a ‘cos 2x+ cos (2iy) 9% Sum the series ¢ bea 20s A cos B = cos (A+B) sin 2x +i ‘cos 2x +SS i LL C+ 15 = since (cos f+ isin) ~ 3 sin? (C0828 + +} sine (0 = sina} cinta d+ 5 sin ae | ce where x= sina eB = log (1 + 2) = log (1 + sine of) = og (1+ sin a (cos B+ isin) = log [+ sina = Jog Yi + sinc cos)? + (sina sin BY [tone n= Equating imaginary parts, we get seas: sin asin B ) T+sin cos A)” Q. 27. Find all the roots of sinh = = Sol. Given sinhz=i > 1 = fab naj B-2e-1-0 > C-PO Nee e ‘~, e@eice? =emie? iti = if ee : Hens z= (in+1). i wheren€N. Q.28. rove that #= exp [#3 What is #7 Sol.NE || eee eee | . (any? ig (1400120 +1sin 26° 3 (aca o+21sn cod)? = (20802 ol 1 (ou-1an8)womet va ” frond 2 2, A 6 aad cx a(m9}: (Q. 33. Separate into real and imaginary parts exp. (5+ &), Sol. Exp. (s+) seeds =e (oof =8(0+i)=01 ‘> Real part = 0 and imaginary part = €°. & (Q. 34, Find the sum of the trigonometric series +isine| Se ee Sol. Let § = sina+ xsin(a +B) ah C= cosas xeosa+ B+and C= cos + cos(a +A) + c0s(a + 28)+ + cos(a a= = C4 1S (cos +isin a) + (cos(a +A) + isin + A) +( 0 + (cos(a+n=1 wets let 4 Her +, 4+ eilati-8) 3 = ety + eB +, tlt AY = OT tr HP + + eae) et pe lize etre! ine? 1 1 (Fe) pl atnt) _ OP) + eto?) 2=2cosB (cose+ isin) —[cos(a+ nf) + isin (a+ nB)]-|“oa + cis (a + f)=0 narit fos (e+ Bin B49) cheap +1) +0080 + ta 2 2+ P+ 2+ 2ab + Qhe + 2ca= 0 “4 2+ B+ 2=0 > (cis a)? + (cis BF + CisyP= 0 cis 2a + cis 28 + cis 2y = 0 an + cos 28 + cos 2y) + i (sin 2a + sin 28 + sin 2y) ig real and imaginary parts, we get cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2y= 0 and sin 2a + sin 28 + sin 2 = 0 (ii) From (8), @ + b= = ¢. Cubing both sic (a+b) +B + 30h (a+ > (cos Equatin or (cis a)? + (cis) + (cis 7 is > cis 3 + cos 3f + cis 3y = 3 cis (@ +B or (cos 3a + cos 38 + cos 3y) + i (sin 3a + sin 38 + siny) = 3 [cos (« Equating real and imaginary parts, we get cos 2c + cos 3B + cos 37 = 3.c0s («+ B. ae fs. (ii) tan-* a tant 2 nat tan” foc =1;2,u0c 1 Then we have = ah +e Putting there values in (1) we get adMBO SAMPLE PAPERS: ee + cosh?y + sin® x sinh2y ~ sin? x) (1 + sinh? y) + sin? sinh2y ~ sin? x + sinh? y @ is +ve and as such, from Be ve s0as to make the RAS. = ~ sin x. (- sin x) = sin? x sin x = +5in6 ing the real art of the principal value of coe (i * and, therefore, sin x is positive. rt ( /sin@) sinx = Jsin@ or x= sir from (4), sinh y = — sin or y = sinh" [-,/sin 6 ] = log [- sin @ + = tog[- Jain + Fain] Hence cos (ef) = sin~! (sin @) + ilog[ Ji-tsin® Q. 17. Sum the series upto n terms. 12 cos + cos 20 +33 c00 30 # = cola Sol Let C= 1+xcos# + x2 cos 20 + 3 cos 30 S= 0+xsin#/ + x2sin 20+ x3 sin 36+... ton Thus C +iS= 1+ 2(cos @ + i sin 6) + x? (cos 20 + i sin 28) = 1+ xelf' + x2 2d + x3 639 +. tom terms which is a G.P. with common ratio xe” — tel je = (cos a - ety = [cos a- > cris= COS Case I. When n is a positive dalesiane* Becca 1x, Bee 1NGINEERING MATHEMAICS —1 : x gence of the following series : re conve (®) Find for what value of k the set of 2y-3y + 62-5t=3 c (p>) 34 lt +. 344s +t to : ss _rest the convergence of 214527 2 0) sow f se 4. (@) Solve 239i ee Solve : cos x aysin x= 4/see, An emf. E sin pt is applied at t= 0 to a circu | | in series.The current satisfies the equation. (fai fp? = 7 and initially the current x and the current in the circuit at time tis given by 6.(i) Solve HY all soyas “a (it) Solve : p>(x* - 1) - 2pxy + Yr -1=0. 7.) Sum the series : 1+ x cos 0+ Ty ye : iaTEXTBOOK SERIES. FOR THE STUDENTS OF N 7, We a lo y For B.Tech. SOGRL Cd sae runes genta HHHHT/////T ys: Engineering Mathematic: (BTAM-102) Ee aoe ee ER er nee ee ar ree =