1

ebZ fnol
dh dgkuh
et+nwjksa dk R;ksgkj ebZ fnol vkB ?k.Vs dke ds fnu ds fy,
et+nwjksa ds 'kkunkj vkUnksyu ls iSnk gqvkA mlds igys
et+nwj pkSng ls ysdj lksyg&vBkjg ?k.Vs rd [kVrs FksA dbZ
ns'kksa esa dke ds ?k.Vksa dk dksbZ fu;e gh ugha FkkA
¶lwjt mxus ls ysdj jkr gksus rd¸
et+nwj dkj[+kkuksa esa dke djrs FksA
nqfu;kHkj esa vyx&vyx bl ek¡x dks
ysdj vkUnksyu gksrs jgs FksA Hkkjr esa
Hkh 1862 esa gh et+nwjksa us bl ek¡x ij
dkecUnh dh FkhA ysfdu
igyh ckj cM+s iSekus
ij bldh 'kq#vkr
vesfjdk esa gqbZA
et+nwjksa us vius vuqHkoksa ls
le> fy;k Fkk fd mudh
,drk gh mudh lcls cM+h rko+Qr gS
 vesfjdk esa ,d fo'kky
et+nwj oxZ iSnk gqvk
FkkA bu et+nwjksa us
vius cfy"B gkFkksa ls
vesfjdk ds cM+s&cM+s
'kgj clk;s] lM+dksa
vkSj jsy iVfj;ksa dk
tky fcNk;k] ufn;ksa
dks ck¡èkk] xxupqEch
ml le; vesfjdk esa et+nwjksa dks 12 ls bekjrsa [kM+h dha vkSj
18 ?k.Vs rd [kVk;k tkrk FkkA cPpksa vkSj iw¡thifr;ksa ds fy,
efgykvksa dk 18 ?k.Vksa rd dke djuk nqfu;k Hkj ds
vke ckr FkhA vfèkdka'k et+nwj vius thou ,s'kks&vkjke ds lkèku
ds 40 lky Hkh iwjs ugha dj ikrs FksA vxj tqVk;sA
et+nwj blds f[k+yki+Q vkokt+ mBkrs Fks rks
mu ij futh xq.Mksa] iqfyl vkSj lsuk ls 2
geys djok;s tkrs Fks!
gM+rkyh
L=kh et+nwjksa
dks idM+dj
ys tkrs gq,
iw¡thifr;ksa dh
futh ,tsalh
fiadVZUl ds yksx
 1886 esa et+nwjksa }kjk vesfjdk ds ,d 'kgj esa [kM+k fd;k x;k fo'kkydk; cSujA
bl ij fy[kk gS μ 8 ?k.Vk esgur] 8 ?k.Vk euksjatu] 8 ?k.Vk vkjkeA

ysfdu bu lcls vesfjdk ds tk¡ckt+ et+nwj ncus

okys ugha Fks! muds thou vkSj e`R;q esa oSls Hkh dksbZ
i+QdZ ugha Fkk] blfy, mUgksaus yM+us dk QS+ lyk
fd;k! 1877 ls 1886 rd et+nwjksa us vesfjdk Hkj esa
vkB ?k.Vs ds dk;Zfnol dh ek¡x ij ,dtqV vkSj
laxfBr gksus 'kq: fd;kA 1886 esa iwjs vesfjdk esa
et+nwjksa us ^vkB ?k.Vk lfefr;k¡* cuk;haA f'kdkxks
esa et+nwjksa dk vkUnksyu lcls vfèkd rkd+roj FkkA
ogk¡ij et+nwjksa ds laxBuksa us r; fd;k fd 1 ebZ ds
fnu lHkh et+nwj vius vkSt+kj j[kdj lM+dksa
ij mrjsaxs vkSj vkB ?k.Vs ds dk;Zfnol dk ukjk
cqyUn djsaxsA 3
 ,d ebZ 1886 dks iwjs vesfjdk ds yk[kksa
et+nwjksa us ,d lkFk gM+rky 'kq: dhA
blesa 11]000 QSDVfj;ksa ds de ls de
rhu yk[k vLlh gt+kj et+nwj 'kkfey
FksA f'kdkxks egkuxj ds vklikl lkjk
jsy ;krk;kr BIi gks x;k vkSj f'kdkxks
ds T+;knkrj dkj[k+kus vkSj odZ'kki cUn
gks x;sA 'kgj ds eq[; ekxZ fef'kxu
,osU;w ij vYcVZ iklZUl ds usr`Ro esa
et+nwjksa us ,d 'kkunkj tqywl fudykA
4
et+nwjksa dh c<+rh rko+Qr ls Hk;Hkhr m|ksxifr mu ij
geyk djus dh ?kkr esa FksA lkjs v[k+ckj (ftuds ekfyd
iw¡thifr Fks) ^^yky [k+rjs** ds ckjs esa fpYy&iksa epk
jgs FksA iw¡thifr;ksa us vklikl ls Hkh iqfyl ds flikgh
vkSj lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa dks cqyk j[kk FkkA blds vykok
dq[;kr fiadjVu ,tsalh ds xq.Mksa dks Hkh gfFk;kjksa ls
ySl djds et+nwjksa ij geyk djus ds fy, rS;kj j[kk
x;k FkkA iw¡thifr;ksa us bls ¶vkikr fLFkfr¸ ?kksf"kr dj
fn;k FkkA 'kgj ds reke èkUuklsBksa vkSj O;kikfj;ksa dh
cSBd yxkrkj py jgh Fkh ftlesa bl ¶[k+rjukd
fLFkfr¸ ls fuiVus ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk Fkk---
5
3 ebZ dks 'kgj ds gkykr cgqr rukoiw.kZ gks x;s tc eSdkfeZd
gkosZfLVax e'khu dEiuh ds et+nwjksa us nks eghus ls py jgs ykWd
vkmV ds fojksèk esa vkSj vkB ?k.Vs dke ds fnu ds leFkZu esa
dkjZokbZ 'kq: dj nhA fugRFks et+nwjksa ij xksfy;k¡pyk;h x;haA pkj
et+nwj ekjs x;s vkSj cgqr ls ?kk;y gq,A vxys fnu Hkh et+nwj xzqiksa
ij geys tkjh jgsA iqfyl neu ds f[k+yki+Q pkj ebZ dh 'kke dks
'kgj ds eq[; ckt+kj gs ekdsZV LDok;j esa ,d tulHkk j[kh x;hA
ehfVax jkr vkB cts 'kq: gqbZA o+Qjhc rhu gt+kj yksxksa ds chp
iklZUl vkSj Likbl us et+nwjksa dk vkàku fd;k fd os ,dtqV vkSj
laxfBr jgdj iqfyl neu dk eqo+Qkcyk djsaA rhljs oDrk lSeqvy
i+QhYMsu cksyus ds fy, tc [kM+s gq, rks jkr ds nl ct jgs Fks vkSj
t+ksjksa dh ckfj'k 'kq: gks x;h FkhA
6
bl le; rd Likbl vkSj iklZUl viuh iRuh vkSj nks
cPpksa ds lkFk ogk¡ls tk pqds FksA HkhM+ cgqr de gks pqdh
Fkh µ o+Qjhc nks lkS yksx gh jg x;s FksA ehfVax o+Qjhc&o+Qjhc
[k+Re gks pqdh Fkh fd 180 iqfylokyksa dk ,d tRFkk
èkM+èkM+krs gq, gs ekdsZV LDok;j vk igq¡pkA mldh vxqokbZ
dSIVu ckWui+QhYM dj jgk Fkk ftlls f'kdkxks ds ukxfjd
mlds Øwj vkSj csgwns LoHkko ds dkj.k ui+Qjr djrs FksA
ehfVax esa 'kkfey yksxksa dks pys tkus dk gqDe fn;k x;kA
lSeqvy i+QhYMsu iqfylokyksa dks ;g crkus dh dksf'k'k gh
dj jgs Fks fd ;g 'kkfUriw.kZ lHkk gS] fd blh chp fdlh us
ekuks b'kkjk ikdj ,d ce iQsad fn;kA vkt rd ce iQsadus
okys dk irk ugha py ik;k gS ysfdu ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd
ce iQsadus okyk iqfyl dk HkkM+s dk VV~Vw FkkA 7
 8

Li"V Fkk fd ce dk fu'kkuk et+nwj Fks ysfdu

iqfyl pkjksa vkSj QSy x;h Fkh vkSj urhtru
ce dk izgkj iqfylokyksa ij gqvkA ,d ekjk
x;k vkSj ik¡p ?kk;y gq,A ixyk;s iqfylokyksa
us pkSd dks pkjksa vksj ls ?ksjdj HkhM+ ij
vUèkkèkqUèk xksfy;k¡ pykuh 'kq: dj nhaA ftlus
Hkh Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k dh ml ij xksfy;k¡ vkSj
ykfB;k¡ cjlk;h x;haA N% et+nwj ekjs x;s vkSj
200 ls T+;knk t[eh gq,A et+nwjksa us vius [+kwu
ls vius diM+s j¡xdj mUgsa gh >.Mk cuk fy;kA
 bl ?kVuk ds ckn iwjs
f'kdkxks esa iqfyl us
et+nwj cfLr;ksa]
et+nwj laxBuksa ds
nÝ+rjksa] Nkik[k+kuksa
vkfn esa t+cjnLr Nkis
MkysA lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks
ekewyh 'kd ij ihVk
x;k vkSj cqjh rjg
VkWpZj fd;k x;kA
gt+kjksa fxjÝ+rkj fd;s
x;sA
vkB et+nwj usrkvksa µ vYcVZ iklZUl] vkxLVl Likbl] tktZ
,atsy] ,MkYi+Q fi+Q'kj] lSeqvy i+QhYMsu] ekbdsy 'okc]
yqbl fyaXx vkSj vkLdj uhcs ij eqo+Qnek pykdj mUgsa gR;k dk
eqtfje o+Qjkj fn;k x;kA buesa ls fli+QZ ,d] lSeqvy i+QhYMsu ce
iQVus ds le; ?kVuk LFky ij ekStwn FkkA tc eqo+Qnek 'kq: gqvk rks
lkr yksx gh dB?kjs esa FksA vYcVZ iklZUl iqfyl dh idM+ esa vkus
ls cp ldrk Fkk ysfdu mldh vkRek us ;g xokjk ugha fd;k fd
og vkt+kn jgs tcfd mlds cso+Qlwj lkFkh i+QthZ eqo+Qnes esa iQ¡lk;s
tk;saA iklZUl [+kqn vnkyr esa vk;k vkSj tt ls dgk] ¶eSa vius
cso+Qlwj dkWejsMksa ds lkFk dB?kjs esa [kM+k gksus vk;k gw¡A¸ 9
 vYcVZ iklZUl
tsy esa iRuh
ywlh iklZUl
vkSj csVh
ds lkFk

iw¡thoknh U;k; ds yEcs ukVd ds ckn 20 vxLr 1887 dks

f'kdkxks dh vnkyr us viuk i+QSlyk fn;kA lkr yksxksa dks
lt+k,&ekSr vkSj ,d (uhcs) dks iunzg lky o+QSn cke'kDdr dh
lt+k nh x;hA Likbl us vnkyr esa fpYykdj dgk Fkk fd
¶vxj rqe lksprs gks fd gesa iQk¡lh ij yVdkdj rqe et+nwj
vkUnksyu dks--- x+jhch vkSj cngkyh esa dejrksM+ esgur
djusokys yk[kksa yksxksa ds vkUnksyu dks dqpy Mkyksxs] vxj
;gh rqEgkjh jk; gS µ rks [+kq'kh ls gesa iQk¡lh ns nksA ysfdu
;kn j[kks --- vkt rqe ,d fpaxkjh dks dqpy jgs gks ysfdu
;gk¡&ogk¡] rqEgkjs ihNs] rqEgkjs lkeus] gj vksj yiVsa HkM+d
mBsaxhA ;g taxy dh vkx gSA rqe bls dHkh Hkh cq>k ugha
ikvksxsA¸ 10
 lkjs vesfjdk vkSj reke nwljs ns'kksa esa bl Øwj i+QSlys
ds f[k+yki+Q HkM+d mBs turk ds X+kqLls ds ncko esa
vesfjdk ds lqizhe dksVZ us igys rks vihy ekuus ls
bUdkj dj fn;k ysfdu ckn esa bfyuk; izkUr ds xoZuj
us i+QhYMsu vkSj 'okc dh lt+k dks vkthou dkjkokl esa
cny fn;kA 10 uoEcj 1887 dks lcls de mez ds usrk
yqbl fyaXx us dkydksBjh esa vkRegR;k dj yhA

11
vxyk fnu (11 uoEcj 1887) et+nwj oxZ ds
bfrgkl esa dkyk 'kqØokj FkkA iklZUl] Likbl]
,atsy vkSj fi+Q'kj dks f'kdkxks dh dqd
dkm.Vh tsy esa iQk¡lh ns nh x;hA vi+Qljksa us
et+nwj usrkvksa dh ekSr dk rek'kk ns[kus ds fy,
f'kdkxks ds nks lkS èkuoku 'kgfj;ksa dks cqyk j[kk
FkkA ysfdu et+nwjksa dks Mj ls dk¡irs&f?kf?k;krs
ns[kus dh mudh reUuk èkjh dh èkjh jg x;hA
12
ogk¡ ekStwn ,d i=kdkj us ckn esa fy[kk % ¶pkjksa et+nwj usrk
ØkfUrdkjh xhr xkrs gq, iQk¡lh ds r[rs rd igq¡ps vkSj 'kku ds lkFk
viuh&viuh txg ij [kM+s gks gq,A iQk¡lh ds iQUns muds xyksa esa
Mky fn;s x;sA Likbl dk iQUnk T+;knk l[r Fkk] fi+Q'kj us tc mls
Bhd fd;k rks Likbl us eqLdqjkdj èkU;okn dgkA fiQj Likbl us
ph[k+dj dgk] ^,d le; vk;sxk tc gekjh [k+keks'kh
mu vkokt+ksa ls T+;knk rkdroj + gksxh ftUgsa rqe
vkt nck jgs gksA---* fiQj iklZUl us cksyuk 'kq: fd;k]
^esjh ckr lquks--- vesfjdk ds yksxks! esjh ckr
lquks--- turk dh vkokt+ dks nck;k ugha tk
ldsxk---* ysfdu blh le; r[rk [khap fy;k x;kA¸
13
13 uoEcj 1887 dks pkjksa et+nwj usrkvksa dh 'ko;k=kk
f'kdkxks ds et+nwjksa dh ,d fo'kky jSyh esa cny x;hA
Ng yk[k ls Hkh T+;knk yksx bu uk;dksa dks vkf[k+jh
lyke nsus ds fy, lM+dksa ij meM+ iM+sA

f'kdkxks esa
'kghn et+nwj usrkvksa
dh 'ko;k=kk dk fp=kA
blesa ns'kHkj ls vk;s Ng
yk[k yksx 'kkfey gq, FksA

14
esa vufxu la?k"kks± esa
cgk djksM+ksa et+nwjksa dk
[+kwu bruh vklkuh l
èkjrh esa tT+c ugha
gksxkA Qk¡lh ds r[rs
ls xw¡trh Likbl dh
iqdkj iw¡thifr;ksa ds
fnyksa esa [k+kSQ+ iSnk
djrh jgsxhA vufxu
et+nwjksa ds [+kwu dh
vkHkk ls pedrk yky
>.Mk vkxs c<+us ds
fy, izsfjr djrk
jgsxkA