ELT-43008 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION - Class Exercise 4, Spring 2020

1. Show that the sinusoidal FSK pulses sin ( 2πk1t/T ) and sin ( 2πk2t/T + φ ) are orthogonal for
arbitrary integer values k1 and k2 and arbitrary phase difference φ, with T being the symbol
period as well as the interval over which the pulses are defined.

2. Consider a binary continuous-phase FSK modulation using the following pulses (defined in
the time window 0 ≤ t ≤ T ):

g1(t) = ± sin [ (ωc + ωd) t ]

g2(t) = ± sin [ (ωc - ωd) t ]

where the central frequency is ωc = kπ/2T, for some integer value k.

Show that the typical frequency spacing of MSK signals is the minimum possible frequency
separation which guarantees orthogonal pulses also in the CP-FSK (continuous-phase) case.

3. Consider the following three digital binary modulations. Assume the symbols ak are
uncorrelated, and transmitted at symbol rate RS = 1/T using rectangular pulses p(t) = Π(t/T).

a) Binary ASK with symbols ak ϵ {0, 1} and carrier frequency fc

b) Binary PSK with symbols ak ϵ {-1/2, +1/2} and carrier frequency fc

c) Binary FSK with frequencies fc + ak RS /2 and symbols ak ϵ {-1, +1}

Derive the power spectral densities of the modulated signals.

Hints: find the low-pass equivalents of the wanted signals, and write them as I/Q
combinations of baseband PAM signals, so that the general expression for PAM power
spectral density can be easily applied. Once the low-pass equivalent power spectral density
GLP( f ) is obtained, the corresponding bandpass power spectral density can be found as
GBP( f ) = 1/4 [GLP( f - fc )+GLP( f + fc )].

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