Contents

Types of network.........................................................................................................................................2
WAN network in BBAL.............................................................................................................................2
Half duplex..............................................................................................................................................2
Half duplex and its use in BBAL.........................................................................................................2
Full Duplex..............................................................................................................................................3
Full duplex and its use in BBAL..........................................................................................................3
Point to point connection.........................................................................................................................4
BBAL and P2P connection..................................................................................................................4
Network Topology...................................................................................................................................4
Best topology to use in BBAL.............................................................................................................4
Importance of networking for BBAL............................................................................................................5
How can OSI model help BBAL.................................................................................................................6
Network model used in BBAL....................................................................................................................7
TCP/IP Protocol Suite and BBAL...............................................................................................................8
Bibliography................................................................................................................................................9
Types of network
WAN network in BBAL
Old legacy systems are unable to cope with the exponential increase in passenger volume, fleet sizes,
and customer needs, and airline companies' global expansion. The value of global network connectivity
in the airline industry differs from company to operation. Airlines and their customers suffer greatly
when network connectivity is lost or application performance is affected, including flight delays,
misplaced baggage, service loss, and more. [ CITATION Con20 \l 1033 ]

Airline companies like BBAL, from various contracting companies can change their networking from old
legacy system to a new type of WAN network known as SD-WAN. This WAN network is highly beneficial
to BBAL because

1. It provides with Greater responsiveness and efficiency in the workplace.

2. BBAL can acquire More bandwidth for a lower price any time.
3. Management of branch networks from a central location so BBAL can monitor the network
easily.
4. Access to the entire network is possible for improvements or changes.
5. Allows BBAL to choose from a wider range of connection types and vendors when setting up a
network.

Half duplex
Half-duplex data transfer allows data to flow in both directions at the same time. It is also known
as a Semi-Duplex. To put it another way, each station will send and receive data at the same
time, but not at the same time. When one computer sends, the other can only receive data, and
vice versa.

Half duplex and its use in BBAL

Half duplex is data transmission is used when there is no need for two-way communication and
one end needs to optimize the use of the communication channel. BBAL uses half duplex in all
the airlines because all the parties present in the communication channel uses the same
frequency. Only one-party can transmit voice over the channel at a time. This secures the data
transmission as whole bandwidth can be utilized at a time. [ CITATION Sal21 \l 1033 ]
Full Duplex
In full duplex transmission mode, the sender and receiver will communicate at the same time.
Both the sender and the recipient will send and receive data at the same time. Full duplex
transmission mode is analogous to a two-way street, with traffic flowing in both directions at the
same time.

Full duplex and its use in BBAL

When continuous communication in both directions is needed, full-duplex mode is used. The
channel's capacity must be shared between the two directions.

This full-duplex network is a lot faster in terms of data communication. The data transfer rate
was 100 kbps in half-duplex communication. As the demand for bigger aircraft has grown, the
necessity of building bigger aircrafts with light weight technology component has played a vital
role. These avionics full-duplex network came up with an idea to reduce the weight using same
protocol with advanced features like data transfer rate is improved from 100kbps to 100 Mbps.
So, using this full-duplex data transmission network, Bangladesh Biman Airlines can enhance
the size of its aircraft without the load of excess wirings and have faster data transmission speed
which is 1000 times more than transmission speed of half-duplex mode. [ CITATION Sal21 \l 1033 ]
Point to point connection
A private data connection securely linking two or more locations for private data services is
known as a point-to-point connection. A point-to-point link is a closed network data transport
service that does not use the public Internet and is inherently protected because it does not
require data encryption. A dedicated connection exists between every pair of sender and receiver.
The entire channel's bandwidth is reserved solely for packet transmission between the sender and
receiver.

BBAL and P2P connection

Since it is a private line rather than a public service, a point-to-point connection offers
unmatched quality of service. It often follows the same direct network route. Businesses use
point-to-point connections to provide reliable, stable point-to-point network data. BBAL can use
this connection to further secure the servers and control the security of the information of their
clientele. [ CITATION Sal18 \l 1033 ]

Network Topology
The layout of a network is defined by its topology. The topology of a network determines how
different nodes in the network are connected to one another and communicate. There are several
different ways to set up a network, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages, and
some are more effective in specific situations than others. Star, mesh, tree, loop, point-to-point,
circular, hybrid, and bus topology networks are examples of physical network topologies, each of
which is made up of various node and link configurations. The best network topology is
determined by the size, scope, objectives, and budget of each company. [ CITATION Sta19 \l 1033 ]

Best topology to use in BBAL

A mesh topology is a network configuration setup in which each computer and network unit is
linked to the others. Most transmissions can be distributed using this topology even if one of the
connections fails. It is a wireless network topology that is widely used.  Every computer in the
network has a link to every other computer in the network in a complete mesh topology. BBAL
should use mesh topology because-

1. It can manage high amount of data traffic because multiple devices can transmit at the
same time.
 2. Even if a failure occurs the system will still work, and data transmission will not stop.
3. Adding or removing a device will not hamper data transmission between other devices.
4. Hubs and repeaters used in this topology is easier to get in the market

Importance of networking for BBAL

Network planning and scheduling, or an airline's ability to create flight schedules that maximize
both profitability and reliability, is at the heart of its operations and services. And, in the current
climate, also encouraging people to travel by matching load factors and aircraft numbers. For
Biman Bangladesh Networking is important because [ CITATION Ste15 \l 1033 ]

1. Airlines have access to a vast amount of data, but traditional historical data sources are no
longer relevant; however, there are fresh, innovative ways to find relevant information for
any airline passenger. Airlines, for example, use traveler search and shopping trends to
forecast demand. For airlines like BBAL, networking makes it easier to mine these
details.
2. Travelers have become more vocal about concerns, suggestions, and reviews as a result
of increased customer awareness; as a result, airlines like BBAL must be constantly alert
and on the lookout for potential negativity and complaints about airline services that
could cause more passengers to travel or not travel with that airline. BBAL, for example,
uses networking bridges to connect with its customers.
3. BBAL uses mobile technology to synchronize anything from flight bookings to e-tickets
to the airport experience, providing passengers with ease and comfort before, during, and
after their flight. This involves remaining alert and delivering first-rate in-flight facilities.
How can OSI model help BBAL
The Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI Model) is a theoretical framework for describing
the functions of a networking system. In order to promote interoperability between different
products and applications, the OSI model characterizes computing functions into a common set
of rules and specifications. The OSI Model is still used to define network architecture today,
even though it does not always map directly to specific systems. [ CITATION Jai18 \l 1033 ]

1. As OSI is a generic model BBAL can use it to make their network model based on OSI.
Models based on OSI have seven layers If a malfunction occurs, network administrators
can more quickly detect the problem by inspecting each layer. Investigating the whole
network is not really a waste of resources.
2. The OSI model is also adaptable, as it can handle both connection-oriented and
connectionless services. Connection-oriented services can be used in situations where
BBAL wants to preserve reliability. In comparison, if BBAL is concerned about data
transmission speed, connectionless services would be the best choice to use.
Network model used in BBAL
The Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) is an internetwork architecture that
enables ground-to-ground, air-to-ground, and avionic data subnetworks to communicate with one
another by using common interface services and protocols based on the ISO OSI Reference
Model. [ CITATION ATN99 \l 1033 ]

Like every airline the network models used in BBAL is a special type of network known as
aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN) which is a unique type of network and used only
in airlines. This type of network benefits BBAL by –

1. The ATN offers a single solution for a variety of data exchange requirements. As a
result, several dedicated communication systems are no longer needed, each of which
can only provide limited functionality.
2. The ATN enables flight crews to have better access to flight data. The ATN allows air
traffic controllers and flight crews to work more efficiently. It also supports automation
software, which eliminates human errors.
3. The ATN enables the sharing of data between ground facilities in real time, potentially
improving safety and productivity.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite and BBAL
The TCP/IP model, which is based on standard protocols, was designed and developed by the
Department of Defense (DoD) in the 1960s. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) is the acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. TCP/IP is a
simplified version of the OSI model. It has four layers, as opposed to the OSI model is seven.
This model is an industry–standard model that can be used to identify current networking issues.
So BBAL can use this model to

1. Since it is interoperable and enables heterogeneous networks to communicate across

platforms. It is well suited for airline companies such as BBAL.
2. It is a client-server architecture that is scalable. This enables new networks to be
introduced without interfering with existing services. For BBAL this can help to expand
their networks reach without interfering with their important day to day services and
activities.
3. For an airline company network security is very crucial. Since tcp/ip protocol gives each
computer on the network an IP address, allowing each device to be identified over the
network. Security is ensured.
[ CITATION Fen18 \l 1033 ]
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