Neutral or Acid Solution

Br2(l) + 2e– ! 2Br–(aq) 1.065

Reduction Half–Reaction Eo(V)
NO2(g) + 2H+ (aq)+ 2e– ! NO(g) + H2O(l) 1.03
F2(g) + 2e– ! 2F–(aq) 2.86 – – –
[AuCl4] (aq)+ 3e ! Au(s) + 4Cl (aq) 1.002
OF2(g) + 2H+ (aq)+ 4e– ! H2O(l) + 2F–(aq) 2.1 + + – 2+
VO2 (aq )+ 2H (aq) +e ! VO (aq) + H2O(l) 1.000
O3(g) + 2H+ (aq)+ 2e– ! O2(g) + H2O(l) 2.075 –
NO3 (aq ) + 4H + –
! NO(g) + 2H2O(l)
(aq)+ 3e 0.956
S2O82– (aq) + 2e– ! 2SO42–(aq) 2.01 2+ – 2+
2Hg (aq) + 2e ! Hg2 (aq) 0.90
Ag2+(aq) + e– ! Ag+(aq) 1.98 2+ – –
Cu (aq) +I (aq)+ e ! CuI(s) 0.86
Co3+(aq) + e– ! Co2+(aq) 1.82 Hg 2+
+ 2e –
! Hg(l) 0.854
(aq)

H2O2(aq)+ 2H+(aq)+ 2e– ! 2H2O(l) 1.763 + –

Ag (aq) +e ! Ag(s) 0.800
MnO4– (aq ) + 4H+(aq)+ 3e– ! MnO2(s) + 2H2O(l) 1.70 Hg2 2+
+ 2e –
! 2Hg(l) 0.80
(aq)

PbO2(s) + SO4 2–(aq)+ 4H+(aq) + 2e– ! PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) 1.69 Fe3+

+e –
! Fe 2+
0.771
(aq) (aq)

Au3+(aq) + 3e– ! Au(s) 1.52 + –

O2(g) + 2H (aq)+ 2e ! 2H2O2(aq) 0.695
MnO4–(aq ) + 8H+(aq)+ 5e– ! Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) 1.51 2HgCl2(s) + 2e– ! Hg2Cl2(s) + 2Cl–( aq) 0.63
2BrO3– (aq) + 12H+(aq) + 10e– ! Br2(l) + 6H2O(l) 1.478 MnO4–(aq ) + e– ! MnO42–(aq) 0.56
PbO2(s) + 4H+ (aq)+ 2e– ! Pb2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) 1.455 – –
I2(s) + 2e ! 2I (aq) 0.535
ClO3– (aq) + 6H+(aq) + 6e– ! Cl–(aq)+ 3H2O(l) 1.450 Cu +
+e –
! Cu(s) 0.520
(aq)

Ce4+(aq) + e– ! Ce3+(aq) 1.44 H2SO3(aq) + 4H + –

! S(s) + 3H2O(l)
(aq)+ 4e 0.449
Au3+(aq) + 2e– ! Au+(aq) 1.36 + –
C2N2(g) + 2H (aq)+ 2e ! 2HCN(aq) 0.37
Cl2(g) + 2e– ! 2Cl–(aq) 1.358 [Fe(CN)6] 3– –
! 4–
(aq)+ e [Fe(CN)6] (aq) 0.361
Cr2O72– (aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e– ! 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) 1.33 2+ –
Cu (aq) + 2e ! Cu(s) 0.337
MnO2(s) + 4H+ (aq)+ 2e– ! Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) 1.23 2+ + – 3+
VO (aq) + 2H (aq)+ e ! V (aq) + H2O(l) 0.337
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e– ! 2H2O(l) 1.229 PbO2(s) + 2H + –
! PbO(s) + H2O(l)
(aq)+ 2e 0.28
2IO3– (aq) + 12H+(aq) + 10e– ! I2(s) + 6H2O(l) 1.20 2HgCl2(s) + 2e –
! 2Hg(l) + 2Cl –
0.2676
(aq)

ClO4– (aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– ! ClO3–(aq) + H2O( l) 1.19 + –

HAsO2(aq) + 3H (aq)+ 3e ! As(s) + 2H2O(l) 0.240
ClO3– (aq) + 2H+(aq) + e– ! ClO2(g) + H2O(l) 1.175 AgCl(s) + e –
! Ag(s) + Cl –
0.2223
(aq)

NO2(g) + H+ (aq)+ e– ! HNO2(aq) 1.07

SO42–(aq ) + 4H+(aq)+ 2e– ! SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 0.17
Cu2+(aq) + e– ! Cu+(aq) 0.159 Na+(aq) + e– ! Na(s) –2.713

Sn4+(aq) + 2e– ! Sn2+(aq) 0.154 Ca2+(aq) + 2e– ! Ca(s) –2.84

+ – 2+ –
S(s) + 2H (aq ) + 2e ! H2S(g) 0.14 Sr (aq) + 2e ! Sr(s) –2.89
– – 2+ –
AgBr(s) + e ! Ag(s) + Br (aq) 0.071 Ba (aq) + 2e ! Ba(s) –2.92
+ – + –
2H (aq) + 2e ! H2(g) 0.00 Cs (aq) +e ! Cs(s) –2.923
3+ – + –
Fe (aq) + 3e ! Fe(s) –0.04 K (aq) +e ! K(s) –2.924
2+ – + –
Pb (aq) + 2e ! Pb(s) –0.125 Rb (aq) +e ! Rb(s) –2.924
2+ – + –
Sn (aq) + 2e ! Sn(s) –0.137 Li (aq) +e ! Li(s) –3.04
– –
AgI(s) + e ! Ag(s) + I (aq) –0.152
3+ – 2+
V (aq) +e ! V (aq) –0.255
2+ –
Ni (aq) + 2e ! Ni(s) –0.257
+ –
H3PO4(aq) + 2H (aq)+ 2e ! H3PO3(aq) + H2O(l) –0.276

Co2+(aq) + 2e– ! Co(s) –0.277

PbSO4(s) + 2e– ! Pb(s) + SO42–(aq) –0.356

2+ –
Cd (aq) + 2e ! Cd(s) –0.403
3+ – 2+
Cr (aq) +e ! Cr (aq) –0.424
2+ –
Fe (aq) + 2e ! Fe(s) –0.440
+ –
2CO2(g) + 2H (aq)+ 2e ! H2C2O4(aq) –0.49
3+ –
Cr (aq) + 3e ! Cr(s) –0.74
2+ –
Zn (aq) + 2e ! Zn(s) –0.763
2+ –
Cr (aq) + 2e ! Cr(s) –0.90
2+ –
Mn (aq) + 2e ! Mn(s) –1.18
2+ –
Ti (aq) + 2e ! Ti(s) –1.63
3+ –
U (aq) + 3e ! U(s) –1.66
3+ –
Al (aq) + 3e ! Al(s) –1.676

Mg2+(aq) + 2e– ! Mg(s) –2.356

 AsO2–(aq ) + 2H2O(l)+ 3e– ! As(s) + 4OH–(aq) –0.68
Basic Solution
– –
Reduction Half–Reaction Eo(V) 2H2O(l) + 2e ! H2(g) + 2OH (aq) –0.828
– – – –
OCN (aq ) + H2O(l)+ 2e ! CN + 2OH –0.97
O3(g) + H2 O(l)+ 2e– ! O2(g) + 2OH–(aq) 1.246 (aq) (aq)

– –
As(s) + 3H2O(l ) + 3e ! AsH3(g) + 3OH –1.21
ClO–(aq) + H 2O(l)+ 2e– ! Cl–(aq) + 2OH–(aq) 0.890 (aq)

2– – –
[Zn(OH)4] (aq)+ 2e ! Zn(s) + 4OH –1.285
HO2– (aq)+ H2O(l) + 2e– ! 3OH–(aq) 0.88 (aq)

– –
Sb(s) + 3H2O(l ) + 3e ! SbH3(g) + 3OH –1.338
BrO–(aq) + H 2O(l)+ 2e– ! Br–(aq) + 2OH–(aq ) 0.766 (aq)

[Al(OH)4]– (aq)+ 3e– ! Al(s) + 4OH–(aq) –2.310

ClO3–(aq ) + 3H2O(l)+ 6e– ! Cl –(aq) + 6OH–(aq) 0.622
– –
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e ! Mg(s) + 2OH –2.687
2AgO(s) + H2O(l ) +2e– ! Ag2O(s) + 2OH–(aq) 0.604 (aq)

MnO4–(aq ) + 2H2O(l)+ 3e– ! MnO2(s) + 4OH–(aq) 0.60

– – – –
ClO2 (aq ) + H2O(l)+ 2e ! ClO (aq) + 2OH (aq) 0.59
– – – –
BrO3 (aq ) + 3H2O(l)+ 6e ! Br (aq) + 6OH (aq) 0.584
– – – –
IO (aq) + H 2O(l)+ 2e ! I (aq) + 2OH (aq) 0.49

Ni(OH)3(s) + e– ! Ni(OH)2(s) + OH–(aq) 0.48

– – –
BrO (aq) + 2H 2O(l)+ 2e ! Br2(l) + 4OH (aq) 0.455
– – –
IO (aq) + 2H 2O(l)+ 2e ! I2(s) + 4OH (aq) 0.42
– –
O2(g) + 2H2 O(l)+ 4e ! 4OH (aq) 0.401
– – – –
ClO3 (aq ) + H2O(l)+ 2e ! ClO2 (aq)+ 2OH (aq ) 0.35

2Ag2O(s) + H2 O(l)+ 2e– ! 2Ag(s) + 2OH–(aq) 0.342

Co(OH)3(s) + e– ! Co(OH)2(s) + OH–(aq) 0.17

– – – –
ClO4 (aq ) + H2O(l)+ 2e ! ClO3 (aq)+ 2OH (aq ) 0.17
– – – –
NO3 (aq ) + H2O(l)+ 2e ! NO2 (aq) +2OH (aq ) 0.01
2– – – –
CrO4 ( aq) + 4H2O(l)+ 3e ! [Cr(OH)4] (aq) + 4OH (aq) –0.13
– – –
HPbO2 (aq)+ H2O(l) + 2e ! Pb(s) + 3OH (aq) –0.54

HCHO(aq) + 2H2O(l )+ 2e– ! CH3OH(aq) + 2OH–(aq) –0.59

2– – –
SO3 (aq ) + 3H2O(l)+ 4e ! S(s) + 6OH (aq) –0.66
3– – – –
AsO4 ( aq) + 2H2O(l)+ 2e ! AsO2 (aq)+ 4OH (aq ) –0.67