PRODUCT LOAD CALCULATION When a product enters a storage space at a temperature above the temperature of the space, the product will give off heat to the space until it cools to the space temperature. When the temperature of the storage space is maintained above freezing: temperature of the product, the amount of heat given off by the product in cooling to the space temperature depends upon the temperature of space and upon the mass, specific heat, and entering temperature of the product. In such cases, the space heat gain from the product is computed by the equation: Op =mCpat | —>® Where: Qp = the quantity of heat in kJ mp = mass of the product in kg Cp= specific heat above freezing in kJ/ (kg®K) At = the change in temperature of the product in°K Note: Table 10-8; Design data for meat storage pages 208-209 Table 10-9; Design data for vegetable storage pages 210-212 Equation Qp = mpCpAt does not include the time and that the result obtained is merely the quantity of heat the product can gain. In some cases, the product is to be cooled over or less than 24 hours. Since time is always a consideration in determining the cooling rate, a useful equation must be used to determine the quantity of heat given. CHILLING RATE FACTOR When the product load enters the cold storage, there is a large temperature difference between the product and the storage temperature. During the early part of the chilling period, there is a significant rise in the space temperature. This may affect the capacity of the equipment (the compressor) most especially when the product load is at peak period. ‘When such arise is undesirable, a chilling rate factor is sometimes introduced into the chilling load calculation to compensate for the uneven distribution of the chilling load. The effect of the drilling rate factor is to increase the product load calculation by an amount sufficient to make the average hourly cooling rate approximately equal to the hourly load at the peak condition.‘This results in the selection of larger equipment, having sufficient capacity to carry the oad during the stages of chilling, Note 1. The calculation without the chilling rate factor will of course show the average ing rate for the entire period. Thus; product load calculation with chilling rate Op = mCp At @ factor is (oman ew COROT UNG RATE FACTOR) al Note 2. Chilling rate factors are usually applied to chilling rooms only and are not normally used in calculation of the product load for storage room. Since the product load for storage rooms usually represents only a small percentage of the total Joad, the uneven distribution of the product load over the cooling period will not ordinarily cause over loading of the equipment and/or unacceptable fluctuations in the space temperature and therefore no allowance need to be made for this condition. PRODUCT FREEZING AND STORAGE When a product is to be frozen and stored at some temperature below its freezing temperature, the heat involved is calculated in three parts: 1. The quantity of heat given off by the product in cooling from the entering temperature to its freezing temperature. 2. The quantity of heat given off by the product in solidifying or freezing. 5. The quantity of heat given off by the product in cooling from its freezing temperature to its final storage temperature, That is; Constant freezing temperature — Freezing Solidifying ——- —____,. tinitiat theeving threeting ty ‘Where: the quantity of heat given off by 1 and 3 are QPs = (Mp Cpatove freetngltinitiat ~ teering) QPs = mp Cprctow. freezing (threzing ~ tinal) Where: tina is the design temperatur h ina e of th ¢ quantity of Pea fearing ee 1p ie cold storage and the quantity ofQp2 = mp x hir Where hir= the product latent heat in kJ/kg, ‘The summation of the three parts is divided by the desired processing time in seconds to determine the equivalent product in kW. Opi + Qp2+ Qp3 Or Op= Opi rs Qp2 Qp3 OO es aera IEE ai aan DEARED PROCESING TME TexCRP Tfreezing Tstorage