Indian Minerals

Yearbook 2017
(Part- II : Metals & Alloys)

56th Edition

IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

(FINAL RELEASE)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF MINES
INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES

Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines,

NAGPUR – 440 001

PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471

PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648
E-MAIL : cme@ibm.gov.in
Website: www.ibm.gov.in

March, 2018
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
9 Iron & Steel and Scrap
I ron & steel is decidedly the vital component of
a c ou n t r y' s e c on om y a n d i s c on s i d e r e d
amon gst th e driving force of moder nisati on.
The level of per capita consumption of steel is
treated as one of the important indicators of
s oc i o- e c on om i c d e ve l op m e n t a n d l i vi n g
st anda rds in a ny count ry. Steel contin ues to
be the foremost of engineering materials, which
is not only environment-friendly but also is
recyclable.
The finished steel production in India has
grown from a mere 1.1 million tonnes in 1951 to
101.80 million tonnes in 2016-17. The contribution of
non-alloy steel segment stood at 91.70 million
tonnes, while the rest was contributed by alloy steel.
The growth in the Steel Sector in the early decades
after independence was mainly in the Public Sector
units. However, following the adoption of new
economic policy and subsequent deregulation and
decontrol of Indian Iron & Steel Sector, the 1990s
witnessed accelerated growth in the Private Sector,
catapulting its share of steel production from 45%
in 1992-93 to 85.40% in 2016-17.
Steel exports from India began in 1964. Exports
in the first five years were mainly as a result of
low demand in the domestic Iron and Steel market.
Exports subsequently declined due to revival of
domesti c dema nd. India on ce aga in st art ed
expor ti ng st eel i n 1975 wh ich subsequen tl y
registered a slump due to rising domestic demand.
Post liberalisation, a rejuvenation in the Steel
Sector resulted in large-scale exports of iron and
steel. In 2016-17, India's finished steel exports &
imports were at 8.24 & 7.23 million tonnes,
respectively. Though the country's production
of iron & steel is sufficient to meet the domestic
demand, it imports mainly finished/semi-finished
steel and iron & steel (scrap) to meet specific
requirements and supply of essential grades.
Liberalisation of the Indian Steel Sector
The Government's new economic policies
have opened up opportunities for expansion of
the Steel Industry. With a view to accelerating
growth in the Steel Sector, the Government since
9-2
1991 has been initiating and implementing a
number of policy measures. These measures have
impacted the Indian Steel Sector positively in
terms of modernisation and growth.
NATIONAL STEEL POLICY
The New National Steel Policy-2017 has been
a p p r ove d on 0 3 . 0 5 . 20 1 7 a n d s om e of t h e
Highlights of the National Steel Policy 2017 are
enumerated below:
1. The Indian steel sector has grown rapidly
over the past few years and presently it is the
third largest steel producer globally, contributing
to about 2% of the country’s GDP. India has also
crossed 100 MT mark for production for sale in
2016-17.
2. The New Steel Policy, 2017 aspires to
achieve 300MT of steel making capacity by 2030.
This would translate into additional investment
of `10 lakh crore by 2030-31.
3. The Policy seeks to increase consumption
of st eel an d th e m a jor segm en t s t h a t coul d
influence the consumption are Infrastructure,
Automobiles and Housing. New Steel Policy seeks
to increase per capita steel consumption to the
level of 160 kg by 2030 from the existing level of
around 60 kg.
4. Potential of MSME Steel Sector has been
recognised. Policy stipulates encouragement and
adoption of energy efficient technologies in the
MSME Steel Sect or t o i m pr ove t h e over a l l
productivity and reduce energy intensity.
5. Steel Ministry will facilitate R&D in the
S ec t or t h r oug h t h e es t a bl i sh m e n t of St ee l
Resea r ch a n d Tech n ology Mi ssi on of In di a
(SRTMI). The initiative aimed to spearhead R&D
of national importance in Iron & Steel Sector
utilising tripartite synergy amongst Industry,
n a t i on a l R& D l a bor a t or i e s a n d a c a de m i c
institutions.
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
6. Ministry through policy measures will
ensure availability of raw materials like iron ore,
coking coal and non-coking coal, natural gas etc.
at competitive rates.
7. With the roll out of the National Steel
Policy-2017, it is envisaged that the Industry will
be st eer ed i n cr ea t i n g a n en vi r on m en t for
promoting domestic steel and thereby ensuring a
scenario where production meets the anticipated
pa ce of gr owt h i n con su m pt i on , t h r ou gh a
t e c h n ol og i ca l l y a dva n c e d a n d g l oba l l y
competitive Steel Industry. This will be facilitated
by Ministry of Steel, in coordination with relevant
Ministries, as may be required.
The principal objectives that the National
Steel Policy 2017 aims to achieve are the following:
a) Build a globally competitive industry with
a crude steel capa cit y of 300 MT by
2030-31.
b) Increase per Capita Steel Consumption to
160 kg by 2030-31.
c) To domestically meet entire demand of
high-grade automotive steel, electrical
s t ee l , s p e ci a l st e e l s a n d a l l oys for
strategic applications by 2030-31.
d) Increase domestic availability of washed
coki n g coa l s o a s t o r ed uce i m por t
dependence on coking coal to 50% by
2030-31.
e) To be net exporter of steel by 2025-26.
f) Encourage industry to be a world leader
on energy and raw material efficient steel
production by 2030-31, in a safe and
sustainable manner.
g) Develop and implement quality standards
for domestic steel products.
Expected impact/outcome of NSP 2017
(a) India to be world leader in energy effici-
ency and sustainability.
(b) Cost-effective and quality steel destina-
tion.
(c) Attain global standards in Industrial Safety
& Health.
9-3
(d) Substantially reduce the carbon foot-print
of the industry.
(e) Domestically meet the entire demand of
high grade.
STRUCTURE AND ROLE OF
INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY
India is currently the 3 rd largest producer of
crude st eel i n the worl d. E arlier, as per the
Notifications released by Ministry of Steel dated
12.12.2013 and 24.04.2015, a steel plant had been
c l a ss i fi e d on t h e ba s i s of p r oc e s s r ou t e /
technology adopted and on the basis of size/
capacity. The classification was Primary steel
producers, Integrated steel producers, Secondary
st eel pr oducer s a n d Ot h er st eel pr od ucer s.
Subsequently, the guidelines for classification
h a ve bee n r e vi se d vi d e Not i fi ca t i on d a t ed
12.05.2016, and as per the latest classification,
st eel pr oducer s wi t h th ei r regi st er ed offi ce
addresses will be listed plant-wise & location-wise
in accordance with the crude steel production
capacity. The earlier classification along with
process route adopted for iron/steel making as
'Integrated steel plants', 'Primary steel producers'
'Secondary steel producers', 'Main producers',
' Ma jor pr oducer s' a nd 'Ot her s' st a nds t o be
withdrawn as per the latest notification.
In 2016-17, the production of pig iron was
9.97 million tonnes and the percentage share of
Private Sector (excluding SAIL) was about 96%.
In the year 2016-17, the production of sponge
iron was 28.76 million tonnes. The production of
crude steel was 97.94 million tonnes and finished
steel was 101.80 million tonnes.
T h e Sec on da r y St eel Sect or con s t i t ut es
Electric Arc Furnace/Induction Furnace, pig iron/
sponge iron units, re-rolling units, HR units, CR
units, galvanised/colour coated units, tin plate
units, wire-drawing units, etc. for producing either
semi-finished or finished steel.
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

The important iron & steel units in India are
Steel Authority of India, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam
Ltd, Tata Steel, Essar Steel, JSW Steel, Jindal Steel
& Power Ltd, Bhushan Steel Ltd and Bhushan
Power & Steel Ltd as well as large number of Mini
Steel Plants based on Electric Furnaces & Energy
Optimising Furnaces (EOF). Besides the steel
producing units, there are a large number of
Sponge Iron Plants, Mini Blast Furnace units, Hot
& Cold Rolling Mills & Gal vanisi ng/Col our
Coating units which are spread across the country.
The structure of the Indian Steel Industry in
2016-17 is furnished in Table-1. Production of iron
& steel, crude steel, pig iron and finished steel
for sale (alloy/ non-alloy) by SAIL, TSL, RINL,
ESL, JSWL, JSPL and other producers along with
production of crude steel from oxygen route,
electric arc furnance route and induction furnance
route during the year 2012-13 to 2016-17 has been
reflected in Table-2. Also, the pr oduction of
sponge iron through gas-ba sed & coal -based
units during the year 2012-13 to 2016-17 is also
provided in Table-2. The production of iron &
St eel by Publ i c a n d Pr i va t e Sect or s dur i n g
2012-13 to 2016-17 is furnished in Table-3. The
details on plant-wise capacity and production of
hot metal and crude/liquid steel are listed out in
Table-4. Table-5 elucidates the production of
crude/liquid steel by BOF and EAF/IF routes.
Prices of steel are provided in Table-6.

Table – 1 : Structure of the Indian Steel Industry, 2016-17

(Capacity/Production: In million tonnes)

Production
Sector Type of units Total
Annual 2015 -16 2016-17 (P)
capacity

Crude Steel SAIL, TSL, RINL, ESL, JSWL, JSPL 67.77 47.42 55.49

Other Producers 60.51 40.37 42.45

Public Sector 23.82 17.92 18.46

Private Sector 104.46 71.87 79.48

Pig iron/ Hot Metal 42.51 9.22 9.39

Sponge Iron 48.63 22.43 28.76
Non-Flat Products NA 41.91 44.01

Flat Products NA 40.81 49.34

Total finished steel (Non-alloy) NA 82.72 93.35

Total finished steel (Alloy/Stainless) NA 8.26 8.45

Total finished steel (Alloy+Non alloy) NA 90.98 101.80

So urce : Min istry of S te el, An nu al Re po rt, 20 16 -1 7 & 20 17 -1 8

9-4
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 2 : Production of Iron and Steel, 2012-13 to 2016-17

(In '000 tonnes)

Item/producers 2012-13 2013 -14 2014 -15 2015 -16 2016 -17

I. Pig Iron : Total 6870 7950 9694 9227 9388

SAIL, TSL, RINL, ESL, JSWL, JSPL 674 552 920 1186 799
Other Producers 6196 7398 8774 8041 8589

II. Sponge Iron : Total 23007 22872 24243 22427 28762

Gas Based 3940 2683 2354 2440 4854
Coal Based 19067 20189 21889 19987 23908

III. Cr ude Steel : To tal 78416 81694 88979 89790 97936

Inte g r ate d ste e l Plants 43036 44241 46083 47421 55486
Oxygen route 32999 35067 36610 36174 39711
EAF Units 10037 9174 9473 11247 15775
O the r Pr o duc e r s 35380 37453 42896 42369 42450
Oxygen route 350 455 961 2221 2291
EAF Units (including ores & MBF/EOF) 9345 9419 13652 13352 13187
Induction Furna ces 25685 27579 28283 26796 26972

IV. Finishe d Ste el fo r Sale (Allo y ste e l/

Non-alloy) : Total 81682 87675 92157 90980 101806
SAIL, TSL, RINL, ESL, JSWL, JSPL 42466 45160 46820 48527 57698
Other Producers 47156 50417 53862 54376 58213
Less: Inter Pla nt Transfer/Own Consumption 7940 7902 8525 11923 14105
Fig ure s ro u nd e d off
So urce : Ministry o f Stee l, Ann ua l Re po rt, 20 17 -1 8

Table – 3 : Production of Iron and Steel, 2012-13 to 2016-17

(By Sectors)
(In '000 tonnes)

Item/producers 2012-13 2013 -14 2014 -15 2015 -16 2016 -17

I. Pig Iron (for Sale) : Total 68 70 79 50 96 94 92 27 93 87

Public Sector 67 4 55 2 92 0 73 2 57 3

Private Sector 61 96 73 98 87 74 84 95 88 14

II. Crude/Liquid Steel : Total 784 16 816 94 889 79 897 90 979 36

Public Sector 164 82 167 77 172 05 179 20 184 56

Private Sector 619 34 649 16 717 74 718 70 794 80

III. Finished Steel for Sale (Alloy/Non-alloy): Total 816 82 876 75 921 57 909 80 101 806
Public Sector 128 19 134 39 128 32 129 77 148 66

Private Sector 688 63 742 36 793 25 780 03 869 40

Fig ure s ro u nd e d off

So urce : Ministry o f Stee l, Ann ua l Re po rt, 20 17 -1 8

9-5
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 4 : Capacity and Production of Hot Metal and Crude/Liquid Steel, 2015-16 and 2016-17
(By Principal Producers)
(In '000 tonnes)

Annual installed capacity Production

Hot metal Crude/Liquid Hot metal Crude/Liquid steel

Unit steel
2015-16 2016-17 2015-16 2016-17

Public Sector

Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) 45 85 43 60 37 00 34 10 33 92 31 54

Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) 47 00 39 25 53 17 50 41 50 58 47 37

Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) 21 20 44 00 30 42 30 94 27 30 29 32

Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) 20 88 18 02 21 70 23 18 19 75 20 42

IISCO Steel Plant, Burnpur (West Bengal) 55 0 25 00 14 31 18 10 87 1 13 94

Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Plant (Karnataka) 20 5 11 8 60 54 42 39

Salem Steel Plant (Tamil Nadu) – 18 0 _ _ 12 0 10 8

Alloy Steel Plant, Durgapur (West Bengal) – 23 4 _ _ 91 88

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (Andhra Pradesh) 34 00 63 00 39 75 40 43 36 41 39 62

Private Sector

JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) _ 100 00 _ _ 83 85 96 55

Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) _ 125 00 106 55 130 59 99 60 116 88

JSW Ispa t Steel Ltd /JSW Steel Ltd (Maharashtra) _ 50 00 _ _ 42 94 68 51

Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) _ 100 00 - - 36 85 53 91

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) 16 70 86 00 _ _ 31 77 34 45

Jindal Stainless Ltd – 18 00 _ _ 12 58 13 91

Bhushan Steel Ltd – 56 00 – _ 30 78 56 01

Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd (Odisha) – 25 00 – _ 18 32 33 24

Fig ure s ro u nd e d off

So urc e : Min istry of S te el, An n ua l Re po rt, 20 17 -1 8

9-6
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 5 : Production of Crude/Liquid Steel, 2013-14 to 2016-17

(By Route)
( In ’ 0 0 0 t o n ne s)

R ou te / pl a n t 2013 -14 2014-15 2015 -16 2016 -17

Al l R o ut e s: (A+ B) To t al 81694 88979 89790 97936

A. O x yg e n Ro u te : To t al 35522 37571 38395 42002

Bhila i Steel Plant (Chha ttisga rh) 5136 4807 5058 4737

Du rga pur Steel Pla nt (West Benga l) 2019 2063 1975 2042

Rou rk ela Steel Pla nt (Odisha ) 2291 2792 2730 2932

Bok a ro Steel Pl a nt (Jha rk ha nd) 3776 3831 3392 3154

IISCO Steel Plant (West Bengal) 127 141 871 1394

Salem Steel Plant (Ta mil Na du ) 91 125 120 108

Visvesva raya Iron & Steel Ltd (Ka rna ta k a ) 13 46 42 39

Visa kha pa tna m Steel Pla nt (RINL, Andhra Pradesh) 3202 3296 3641 3962

Ta ta Steel Ltd (Jha rkha nd) 9155 9331 9960 11688

JSW Steel Ltd (Karna ta ka ) 9257 10178 8385 9655

Other Oxygen Rou te 455 961 2221 2291

B. E le c tr ic Ro ute : To tal 46172 51408 51395 55934

Ele c tr ic Arc Fur n ac e 18593 23125 24599 28962

Alloy Steel Pla nt, Du rga pur (West Benga l) 122 104 91 88

Essa r Steel Ltd (Gujarat) 3245 2854 3685 5391

JSW Ispa t Steel Ltd//JSW Steel Ltd (Maharashtra ) 2971 2958 4294 6851

Jinda l Steel & Power Ltd (Chha ttisgarh) 2836 3557 3177 3445

Lloyds Steel Ltd 566 658 569 575

Jinda l Sta inless Ltd 1111 1907 1258 1391

Bhu shan Steel Ltd 1084 2180 3078 5601

Bhu sha n Power & Steel Ltd (Odisha ) 1714 1213 1832 3324

Other Electric Arc Fu rna ce Rou te 4944 7694 6615 2296

El e c tr ic In du c t io n F ur na c e 27579 28283 26796 26972

Fig ure s ro u nd e d off

So urce : Ministry o f Stee l, Ann ua l Re po rt, 20 17 -1 8

9-7
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 6 : Prices of Steel, 2014-15 to 2016-17

(Domestic Markets)
(In ` per t onne)

Grade Mar k et 20 14-15 20 15-16 20 16-17

T MT Ba rs (ISI, 8 mm) Delhi 37,427 37,006 34792

Joists (1 50 x 7 5 mm) " 35,538 35,185 33304
Cha nnels (7 5 x 4 0 mm) " 39,588 39,257 36994

MS Squares (8 mm) " 36,627 36,310 34087

MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 37,427 37,126 34874

Melting Scra p " 30,044 24,898 22858

In du c tio n I ngo ts " 36,708 35,552 32608

Blooms (SAIL, 15 0 mm) Gobind 38,603 32,038 28817

Melting Scra p (rolling) " 30,156 23,447 24192
MS Rou nds (1 0 mm) " 40,181 32,651 30540
MS Squares (8 mm) " 39,855 32,021 29840

MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 42,661 36,426 33442

Joists (1 50 x 7 5 mm) " 33,883 34,136 32634
Indu ct ion Ingots ( rou nd) " 37,299 29,857 28464

Old Ship Brea king Scrap " 34,781 28,356 23551

Arc Ing ots Mu mba i 36,123 34,116 31675

Joists (1 50 x 7 5 mm) " 33,998 34,131 32813
MS Angles (40 x 6 mm) " 36,231 35,923 33647
In du c tio n I ngo ts " 35,644 33,770 31957

Melting Scra p " 30,025 24,590 23489

T MT Ba rs (loca l 8 mm) " 36,080 35,757 33442

MS Rounds (8 mm) " 32,242 30,824 28601

Conca st Bil let Ingots " 34,788 34,368 32091

T MT Ba rs (ISI, 8 mm) Ko l k a t a 32,681 32,398 30092

MS Squares (8 mm) " 30,831 30,523 28402

MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 37,323 36,926 34692

Cha nnels (7 5 x 4 0 mm) " 32,331 31,990 29691

Joists (1 50 x 7 5 mm) " 30,723 31,059 29513
In du c tio n I ngo ts " 34,027 33,437 32458

Melting Scra p " 29,827 25,420 23302

Arc Ing ots " 34,338 33,607 32617

Conca st Bil let Ingots " 34,788 34,007 32740

So urce : Mine rals & Meta ls Rev iew, April, 20 18

1. Prices include excise duty an d sales tax
2. All rate s a re mon thly a verage s a nd ind ica tiv es
3 . Gob ind = Ma n di Go b in d ga rh in Pu n ja b

9-8
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Finished Steel/Crude Steel

The Indian Steel Industry continued to record
increased production of Fini shed Steel from
87.67 million tonnes in 2013-14 to 101.80 million
tonnes in 2016-17. Finished Steel produced by
the SAIL, TSL, RINL, ESL, JSWL, JSPL was
57.70 million tonnes while that produced by Other
Producers was 58.21 million tonnes (including
14.10 million tonnes for IPT/own consumption) in
the year 2016-17. The import and export of total
Finished Steel stood at 7.23 million tonnes and
8. 24 mil lion ton nes respecti vel y in the year
2 0 1 6 - 1 7 . Va r i ous Fi n i sh ed St eel pr oduct s
produced by principal steel plants are furnished
in Table-7.
Crude Steel production has shown a sustained
rise in last five years along with capacity. The
Cr ude Steel worki ng Ca pa cit y and Capa ci ty
Utilisation during the last five years are given
below:
Production of Crude Steel and Working
Capacity from 2012-13 to 2016-17
(Quantity in million tonnes)

Year Wo r kin g Pro duction %Utilisation

capacity
2012 -13 97.024 78.42 81 %
2013 -14 102.26 81.69 80 %
2014 -15 109.85 88.98 81 %
2015 -16 121.97 89.79 74 %
2016 -17 128.28 97.94 76 %
Production of Crude Steel grew at a CAGR of
5.71% from 78.42 million tonnes in 2012-13 to 97.94
m i l l i on t on n e s i n 20 1 6 - 1 7 . I n t h e ye a r
2016-17, the production of Crude Steel was mainly
Basic Oxygen Furnace Route (42 million tonnes),
Electric Arc Furnace Route (28.96 millin tonnes)
and Induction Furnace Route (26.97 mill ion
tonnes) in the country. The contribution of public
and private sector was 18.46 million tonnes and
79.48 million tonnes, respectively.
B l a st F ur na c e / B a si c O xy ge n F ur n a c e
(BF/BOF)
Presently, there are around 58 Blast Furnaces
and 17 Basic Oxygen Furnace units wit h an
installed capacity of 79.91 million tonnes and 50.85
m i l l i on t on n es , r es pe ct i ve l y. T h e r epor t ed
production of crude steel by BF/BOF route was
about 42 million tonnes.
Electric Arc Furnace (including corex & MBF/EOF)
Steel produced in the Electric Arc Furnace
(i ncludin g corex & MBF/EOF) i s mostl y by
recycling of steel scrap using Electric Arc Furnace
(EAF). Presently, there are more than 48 EAF
based steel plants that are operational in the
country with an aggregate working capacity of
around 37.81 million tonnes per annum. The
reported production of steel ingots/concast billets
by E AF uni ts in 2016-17 was est im at ed a t
28.96 million tonnes as against 24.60 million tonnes
in 2015-16 (Table-5).
The recent developments in EAF technology,
viz, to increase oxygen consumption, to reduce
power consumption and to reduce tap time have
l e d t o i n cr e a s e i n m e t a l p r od uc t i on . T h e
development of thin slab casting has made EAF
route more productive. This route enables slab
strips rolling at lesser cost, facilitating production
of cheaper strips/sheets than those that can be
achieved through BF/BOF route.
Induction Furnace (IF)
Presently, in India, EAF based industries are
yet to switch over to induction furnace route.
An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in
which heat is generated through electro-magnetic
induction in an electrically conductive medium.
I n d uc t i on fu r n a c e s u s e s t e e l m e l t i n g
scra ps, sponge i ron an d pig i r on / cast i ron .
On an average, the proportion of these items is
40% sponge iron + 10% cast iron or pig iron
and the remaining is steel melting scraps. There
are ground induction furnaces with an aggregate
working capacity of 39.62 million tonnes. These
units reported production of about 26.97 million
tonnes steel in 2016-17 as against production of
26.80 million tonnes in 2015-16.
Pig Iron
Pig iron is one of the basic raw materials
required by the Foundry & Casting Industry for
manufacturing various types of castings for the
engineering section. The main sources of pig iron
have traditionally been the integrated steel plants
of SAIL besides plants of Tata Steel Ltd and
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. Domestic production
of pig iron lags behind and is not in tandem with
the demand. Efforts were, therefore, made to
increase pig iron manufacturing facilities in the
secondary sector.

9-9
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 7 : Various Finished Steel Products Produced by Principal Steel Plants

Plant Produ cts

Bok aro Steel Plant (Jharkha nd) Plates, HR coils, HR sheets, CR coils, CR sheets, GP/GC sheets, TMBP.

Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) Bars & rods, rails & railway materials, wheels and axles, fish plates,
sleeper structurals, bars, rods, TMT bars, skelp, bloom, billets, slabs.

Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) Flat products, bars and rods, plate, HR coil, CR coil, CR sheets,
GP/GC sheets, electrical sheets, electrolytic tin plates, spirally
welded large dimension pipes.

Bhila i Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) Billets, slabs, rails & railway materials, heavy structurals and squares,
pla tes, merchant products, wire rods, plates and blooms.

IISCO Steel Plant (West Bengal) Bars & rods, rail & railway materials, foundry & pipes and structural
steel.

Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd (Karnataka) Stainless steel, tool steel, other alloys & steel, bearing steel, spring
steel, free cutting steel, constructional steel (a) carbon steel,
(b) case hardening steel & (c) heat treatable steel.

Visakha patna m Steel Plant (Andhra Pradesh) Steel products in long categories, finished steel (round & square),
wire rods, re-bars, angles (equal & unequal), sections, channels,
beams, saleable billets, flat products, light & medium merchant
products (bars), medium merchant products (structural).

Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) Bars & rods, HR sheets and strips, CR coils, rolled/forged bars &
structurals, plates, GP/GC sheets.

JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) Plates, HR sheets, HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.

Ispa t Indu stries Ltd (Ma harashtra) HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.

Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) Plates, HR sheets, HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) Plates, structurals, HR coils, rails & railway materials.

So urce : Ministry o f S te el, An nu al Re po rt, 20 17 -1 8 a nd informa tio n from ind ividu al p la nts

As a resul t of va ri ous pol i cy i ni t ia ti ves
taken by the Government, the Private Sector showed
con si der abl e i n ter est in set t in g up new pi g
iron units, especially in the post-liberalised period.
T hi s h as resul ted i n dra st i c cha nge
contribution of Private/Secondary Sector producers
In 2016-17, about 9.39 million tonnes pig iron was
produced for sale in the country. The production of
pig iron by SAIL, TSL, RINL, ESL, JSWL, JSPL
(combined) and other producers is furnished in
Table-3. The total share of SAIL, TSL, RINL, ESL,
JSWL and JSPL was 6%, whereas the total share of
i n th e
other producers was 94 % in the financial year
2016-17. Location and capacity of principal pig
iron units in Private Sector are furnished in Table- 8.

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 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 8 : Location and Capacity of Principal Pig Iron Units

(I n l a k h to nne s)

Sl.No. Unit Loca tion C a p a c it y

1. Srika la ha sthi Pipes Ltd

(forme rly La nco Indu stries Ltd) Ch itt oor, And hra Pr a de sh 2.75

2. Sa tha va ha na Ispa t Ltd Ha resa mu dram, Andhra Pradesh 2.10

3. Ja ya swa l NECO Industries Ltd Ra ipur, Chha ttisga rh 6.50

4. Veda nta Ltd Amona , Goa 7 .4 2

5. Usha Ma rtin Indu stries Ja mshedpu r, Jha rk ha nd 6.00

6. JSW Steel Ltd Vijayna gar, Dolvi & Sa lem 180.00

7. Kalya ni Steels Ltd Ho sp et , Ka rn a t a k a 2.90

8. Kirloska r Ferrous Indu stries Ltd Ko pp a l , Ka r na ta k a 3.60

9. KIOCL Ltd Manga lu ru , Ka rna tak a 2.16

10. Ta ta Meta lik s Ltd Redi, Ma h a ra shtra 3.16

11. IDCOL Ka linga Iron Work s Ltd Barbil, Kendu jhar, Odisha 3.45

12. Kaja ria Iron Ca stings Ltd Durga pu r, West Benga l 1.10

13. Elect rosteel Ca stings Ltd Khardah, West Bengal 3.60

14. Ta ta Meta lik s Ltd Kha ra gpu r, West Benga l 3.45

15. Sona Alloys Pvt. Ltd Sa ta ra , Ma ha ra shtra 3.14

16. Apa ra nt Iron & Steel Pvt . Ltd Sa ngu em, Goa 1.60

17. Steel Au thority of India Ltd Bhilai, Boka ro, Du rga pur, 235.00

Burnpur, Rou rk ela , Bha dra vati

18. Ra shtriya Ispa t Niga m Ltd Visa k ha p a tna m, Andhra Pra desh 65.00

19. Mo nn et I sp a t L td Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 7.00

20. MESCO Steel Ltd Kalingana ga r, Odisha 4.50

21. Ja i Balaji Indu stries Ltd Durga pu r, West Benga l 5.09

22. Kirloska r Ferrous Indu stries Ltd Ho sp et , Ka rn a t a k a 3.60

23. KIC Meta lliks Ltd Durga pu r, West Benga l 1.65

24. JSPL Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 20.00

25. VSL Steels Ltd Hiriyu r, Ka rna ta k a 3.60

26. Jindal Saw Pipes Ltd Mu ndra , Gujarat 3.60

27. Ra msaru p Loha Udyog Kha ra gpu r, West Benga l 3.00

28. Adhu nik Metalik s Ltd Su nda rga rh, Odisha 2.14

29. SLR Steels Ltd Ho sp et , Ka rn a t a k a 2.10

30. VISA Industries Ltd Kalingana ga r, Odisha 1.75

31. Ra shma i Metalik s Ltd Kha ra gpu r, West Benga l 1.75

32. New Metaliks Ltd Durga pu r, West Benga l 1.75

33. Neela cha l Ispa t Niga m Ltd Kalingana ga r, Odisha 11.00

So urce : MCDR Re tu rn s (Form-O), We bsite of c on ce rn ed c ompa ny, Iron & Ste el Rev ie w,
JPC Bu lletin and Ministry of Ste el

9-11
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Sponge Iron in 1990-91 to 46.01 million tonnes in 2016-17 by

India is the largest producer of sponge iron
in the world. Sponge iron is produced by direct
reduction method which may be either gas-based
or coal-based. Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), called
as sponge iron is a metallic material formed by
reduction of iron oxide at temperatures below the
fusion point of iron. Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) is
a product obtained after densification process
where the DRI feed material is at temperature more
t h a n 6 50 0 C a t t h e t i m e of m oul d i n g ( h ot
briquetting) with density more than 5.0 g/cm 3.
During early 1990s, Sponge Iron Industry
was specially promoted to provide an alternative
to steel melting scrap which was increasingly
becoming scarce. The production of sponge iron
during the last five years is provided in Table-2.
The installed capacity of sponge iron has also
increased over the years from 1.52 million tonnes
320 units. Over the years, the coal-based route
ha s emerged as a key cont ributor t o overa ll
production – its share increased from 63% in
2004-05 to 83% in 2016-17. In the year 2016-17,
a total of 28.76 million tonnes of sponge iron was
produced, out of which 23.91 million tonnes from
Coal based plants and 4.85 million tonnes from
Gas based plants.
P r odu c t i on of s pon g e i r on i n t h e
c ou n t r y h a s a l s o r e su l t e d i n p r ovi di n g a n
alternative feed material to steel melting scrap
which was hitherto imported in large quantities
by the Electric Arc Furnace units and the Induction
Furnace units for steel making. This has resulted
in a considerable saving in foreign exchange.
The available data on annual installed capacity of
prin cipal sponge iron units are furnished in
Table-9.

Table – 9 : Capacities of Principal Sponge Iron (DRI) Plants

(I n l a k h to nne s)

Unit Loca tion C a p a c it y

Ga s- ba se d
Essa r Steel Ltd Ha zira, Gu jarat 68 .0
JSW Steel Ltd. (Sala v) Salav, Ra igad, Ma ha ra shtra 9.00
(form er ly Wel spu n Ma x ste el Lt d)
JSW Steel Geeta pura m, Dolvi, Ra iga d, Ma hara shtra 16.00
(fo rmerl y Isp a t In du str ies L td)
Co al -b as ed
Act ion I spa t & Po wer P vt. Ltd Mara ku ta & Pandaripa tha r, Jha rsu gu da, Odisha 2.50
Adhu nik Metalik s Ltd Cha ndrihariha rpu r, Su nda rga rh, Odisha 1.80
Allia nce Integrated Meta llics Ltd Bemta , Ra ipu r, Chha ttisga rh 5.00
Anja ni Steel Ltd Uja lpu r, Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 1.02
Anindita Steels Ltd. Ra bodh, Jha rk ha nd 1.46
AP I I spa t P owe rte ch Pvt . L td IGC Siltara, Raipu r, Chhattisgarh 1.05
Beek a y Steel & Power Ltd Uliburu, Barbil, Odisha 1.05
Bhu shan Steel & Strips Ltd Mera ma nda li, Dhenk a na l, Odisha 2.80
Biha r Sponge Iron Ltd Cha ndil, Singhbhu m, Jhark hand 2.10
Crest Steel & Power Pvt. Ltd Jora ta ra i, Ra jna ndga on, Chha ttisga rh 2.10
Deepa k Steel & Power Ltd Topa dih i, Keonjha r, Odisha 1.44
Ga lla nt Metal Ltd Sama k hia li, Ka chchh, Gu ja ra t 1.70
Ga lla nt Ispa t Ltd. Sahjanwa , Gora k hpur, UP 1.00
Globa l Hi-tech Indu stries Ltd Gandhidha m, Gu ja ra t 1.05

Goa Sponge Iron & Power Ltd Santona , Sa ngu em, Goa 1.00

Godawari Power & Ispa t Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipu r, Chhattisgarh 4.95
(Contd.)

9-12
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table - 9 (Concld.)

Unit Loca tion C a p a c it y

Gopa ni Iron & Power Pvt. Ltd Ta da li, Cha ndrapu r, Ma ha ra shtra 1.20
Goldstar Steel & Alloys Ltd Srira mpu ra m, Vizia naga ra m, Andhra Pra desh 2.20
Grewa l Associa tes Pvt. Ltd Matk a mbed, Kendu jha r, Odisha 1.20
Haldia Steels Pvt. Ltd Durga pu r, West Benga l 1.20
Ind Synergy Ltd Kotm a r, Ra i ga rh, C hha ttisga rh 3.00
Jai Balaji Sponge Ltd Ba kta rna ga r, Ra niga nj, West Benga l 1.05
Ja i Bala ji Jyoti Steels Ltd Su nda rga rh, Odisha 1.20
Ja i Shri Bala ji Steel Pvt. Ltd (HEG Ltd) Borai, Du rg, Chha ttisga rh 1.20
Ja iswal Neco Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipu r, Chhattisgarh 2.55
Ja nk i Corpo ra tion Ltd Sidiginamola , Ba lla ri, Ka rna tak a 1.80
Jinda l Steel & Power Ltd Kharsia Roa d, Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 1.37
Lloyds Meta ls & Engineering Ltd Ghu ggu s, Cha ndrapu r, Ma ha rashtra 2.70
Ma stek Steels Pv t. Ltd Hola k undi, Ballari, Ka rna tak a 1.05
MGM Steels Ltd Chin ta pok h ri, Dh enk a na l, Odi sha 1.05
Mo nnet Isp a t Ener gy L td Cha ndk hu ri Marg, Ha sau d, Raipu r, Chha ttisgarh 3.00
Mo nnet Ispa t & E ner gy L td Na harpa lli, Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 5.00
MSP Steel & Power Ltd Ja mga on, Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 1.92
Na lwa Steel & Power Ltd Ta ra ima l, Ra iga rh, Chhattisga rh 1.98
Nova Iron & Steel Ltd Da gori, Bila spu r, Chha ttisga rh 1.50
OCL Iron & Steel Ltd Lamloi, Su ndarga rh, Odisha 1.20
Orissa Sponge Iron Ltd Pa la spanga , Keonjha r, Odisha 2.50
Pra k a sh Indu stries Ltd Cha m pa , Ja nj-gir -Cha mp a , Chh a ttisg a rh 4.50
Rungta Mines Ltd Ka ra kola a nd Ka ma ndo, Sunda rgarh, Odisha 4.20
Ra shmi Ce ment Ltd Ba rbil, Kendu jha r, Odisha 3.60
Sarda Energy & Minera ls Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipu r, Chhattisgarh 2.10
Sca w Industries Pvt. Ltd Gu ndicha pa ra , Dhenk ana l, Odisha 1.00
Shivsha k ti Steel Ltd Cha k ra dha rpu r, Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 1.00
Shri Bajrang Power & Ispa t Ltd Urla, Ra ipu r, Chha ttisga rh 2.10
Shyam Sel Ltd Dewa bdighi, Bu rdwa n, West Bengal 1.00
Singha l Enterprises Pvt. Ltd Ta ra ima l, Ra iga rh, Chhattisga rh 2.53
Sree Meta lik s Ltd Loidapada , Kendu jha r, Odisha 1.74
Sri Venk a tesh Iron & Alloys Ltd Ra mga rh, Jha rk ha nd 1.20
S.K.S. Ispa t & Power Ltd Ra ipur, Chha ttisga rh 2.70
Su nfla g Iron & Steel Co Ltd Bha nda ra , Ma ha ra shtra 1.50
Su nil Ispat & Power Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipu r, Chhattisgarh 1.15
Su nil Sponge Iron Ltd Chira ipa ni, Ra iga rh, Chha ttisga rh 1.05
Ta ta Sponge Iron Ltd (Ipita ta Sponge) Joda , Kendujha r, Odisha 3.90
Va ndana Global Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipu r, Chhattisgarh 2.16
Va llabh Steels Ltd Sahnewa l, Ludhiana, Punja b 1.20
Visa Steels Ltd KIC, Ja jpur Roa d, Odisha 3.00
Zoom Va llabh Steels Ltd Dughda, Sa ra ik ela-Kha rswa n, Jhark hand 1.20

I.G.C.: Ind u strial Growth Cen tre

Sourc e: Sp on ge Iron Ma nu fa cture rs' Assoc ia tio n (S IMA) an d in d iv id ua l p la nts

9-13
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Consumption of Steel MODERNISATION &

As per world Steel figures, in 2017, India's
per capita steel consumption increased from 53
kg in 2010 to 63 kg in 2016 and it is far below the
l e ve l of ot h er de ve l ope d a n d s om e of t h e
developing countries. The world per capita steel
consumption in 2016 is reflected as 208 kg.
Apparent consumption of steel is calculated
by taking into consideration with respect to
export of steel, total domestic production and
import of steel in the country. It is also treated as
t he a ct ua l dom esti c dema nd of steel i n th e
country. The apparent consumption of finished
steel in In dia since 2012-13 is furnished in
Table-10.
Table – 10 : Domestic Consumption of
Finished Steel
(I n m ill ion to nne s)
Year C o n su m p t i o n
EXPANSION
M od er n i s a t i on a n d e x p a n s i on wor k s
undertaken by different plants are as follows:
SAIL
St e el A u t h or i t y of I n d i a L i m i t e d h a s
un der t a ken m oder n i sa t i on expa n s i on of i t s
integrated steel plants at Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela,
Burnpur and special steel plant at Salem. In the
current phase, the crude steel capacity is being
enhanced from 12.8 million tonnes to 21.4 million
tonnes per annum. The indicative investment for
cur r en t ph a s e i s a bout `61, 870 cr or e. T h e
cumulative expenditure for various modernisation
& expansion has been ` 64,562 crore till December,
2016.
The plant-wise capacity enhancement details
by 2017-18 are given below:

20 12-13 73.48 ( 3 .4 6 % )
Hot Metal
20 13-14 74.09 ( 0 .8 3 % ) (I n m ill ion to nne s)
20 14-15 76.99 ( 3 .9 1 % ) P l an t Na m e I ns tal le d Exp ansi on

20 15-16 81.52 ( 5 .8 8 % ) Capaci ty Capaci ty

20 16-17 84.04 (3%) BSP 4.08 7.50

So urce : Ministry o f Stee l, Ann ua l Re po rt, 20 17 -1 8 DSP 2.09 2.45

Figu res in parentheses indicate the pe rcenta ge increase RSP 2.00 4.50
ove r the previous y ear
BSL 4.59 5.77
ISP 0.85 2.91
VISL 0.22 0.33
Domestic actual consumption of total finished
steel (alloy/stainless+non-alloy) stood at 84.04 To tal 13.82 23.46
million tonnes in 2016-17 as against 73.48 million Crude Steel
tonnes in 2012-13, growing at a CAGR of 3.4% during
(I n m ill ion to nne s)
the last five years.
P l an t Na m e I ns tal le d Exp ansi on
The normal demand of steel for infrastructure is
23%, construction 22%, manufacturing 18%, Capaci ty Capaci ty

automobiles 12%, consumer durables 6% and other BSP 3.93 7.00

sect or s 19%. Wi t h th e ongoi n g econ om i c DSP 1.80 2.20
liberalisation resulting in faster economic growth, RSP 4.20 4.20
the steel consumption is expected to increase BSL 4.36 4.61
rapidly. ISP 2.50 2.50
Wi th the expan sion of capaci ties i n t he AS P 0.23 0.48
integrated plants and installation of new plants, SSP 0.18 0.18
additional supply of steel in Indian markets has VISL 0.12 0.23
increased considerably. This has created an intense To tal 17.32 21.40
competition in the domestic market in the short run.

9-14
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

The modernisation & expansion of Rourkela Present and Future Capacity

Steel Plant (RPS), IISCO Steel Plant (ISP) and Salem (In million tonnes per a n nu m)
Steel Plant got completed in 2015. At IISCO Steel Item Present rated Ca pa city a fter
Pla nt, Burnpur, In dia's largest blast furn ace capacity e x p a n si o n
(4,160 m 3) has been installed. H ot m et a l 4 .0 8 0 7.50

SAIL is finalising its Vision-2025 document, Cru de Steel 3 .9 2 5 7.00

proposals for innovation are expected to steer the Finished steel 2 .6 2 0 5.85
Company to increase its production capacity of
Semis 0 .5 3 3 0.72
Hot Met al to 50 MT PA, a lon g wit h r ela ted/
enabling business activities in line with growing Salea ble steel 3 .1 5 3 6.56
demand of steel in the country. This will not only
enhance SAIL's contribution to nation building
Bhilai Steel Plant
but will also place SAIL amongst the top steel
The production of crude steel was 4.74 million
companies globally.
tonnes in 2016-17.
Bokaro Steel Plant
Bhilai Steel Plant The production of crude steel was 3.15 million
Bhi l ai St eel Pl an t (BSP) i s Indi a’s sol e
tonnes in 2016-17.
producer of rails and heavy steel plates and major
producer of structural products. The plant is the Rourkela Steel Plant
sole supplier of the country’s longest rail tracks The production of crude steel was 2.93 million
of 260 metres. With an annual production capacity tonnes in 2016-17.
of 3.153 MT of saleable steel, the plant also Durgapur Steel Plant
specialises in other products such as wire rods The production of crude steel was 2.04 million
and merchant products. tonnes in 2016-17.
The Board of SAIL has given in principle
IISCO Steel Plant
approval to the pr oposal for m odernisati on
The plant has produced 1.39 million tonnes
and capacity expansion of Bhilai Steel Plant
of crude steel in 2016-17.
to 7.5 million tonnes of hot metal and 7 million
tonnes of crude steel per annum. The proposal Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL)
includes: a) Installation of a new blast furnace; Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) of RINL is
b) A new 7 metres tall coke oven battery and a the first shore-based integrated steel plant located
new sinter machine; c) Phasing out of ingot route at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The plant
h a s c om pl e t ed ex pa n si on for doubl i n g t h e
with 100% continuous casting by adding a new
capacity from 3 MTPA to 7.3 MTPA. The plant
steel melting shop of 4 million tpy capacity;
has been built to match international standards in
d) Installation of a universal beam mill of 1 million
design and engin eeri ng with state-of-the-art
tpy capacity; e) Addition of a new bar & roll
t ech n ol ogy, i n cor por at i n g ext en si ve en ergy
mill of 0.9 million tpy capacity; f) Installation of a saving and pollution control measures.
new universal rail mill of 1.2 million tpy capacity
a nd g) ca pa cit y expa nsi on of pl at e mi ll t o Tata Steel Ltd (formerly TISCO)
1.65 million tpy. The present and future capacities The Company has been rechristened as Tata
of hot metal crude steel, etc. are tabulated below: Steel Ltd (TSL). The Company has an integrated

9-15
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
steel plant located at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, with
annual crude steel making capacity of 9.7 million
tonnes and variety of finishing mills. TSL has
produced 11.12 million tonnes of finished steel in
2016-17 as compared to 9.53 million tonnes in
2015-16. The production of crude steel in 2015-16
was 9.96 million tonnes as against 11.69 million
tonnes in 2016-17.
The Company is planning to initiate second
phase of expansion at Kalinganagar plant in Odisha
to double its capacity to 6 million tpy. The first phase
of Ka l in ga na gar pr oject sta rt ed comm ercia l
production in May, 2016. The Government of Odisha
has allotted 2000 acres of land for the plant at
Kalinganagar. The Company initially plans to set up
a 7.0 million tpy capacity integrated steel plant at
Jagdalpur in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, but
subsequently decided against the project due to
delay in land allocation. The Company also signed
an MoU with the Government of Jharkhand for
setting up of a 12 million tonnes per year integrated
steel plant at Saraikela in phases. The above projects
are, however, subjected to raw material linkages and
requisite approvals.
JSW Steel Ltd
JSW Steel Ltd's combined installed capacity of
its plants at Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra
of crude steel was 18 million tpy with value added
products constituting 1.8 million tpy spread across
six locations; Toranagallu (Vijayanagar Works),
Salem (Salem Works), Vasind, Tarapur (downstream
units), Dolvi and Kalmeshwar (Maharashtra).
Vijayanagar Works existing operations produce flat
and long steel products; Salem Works has its focus
only in long products while the downstream units
produce CR/galvanised, colour-coated, value-added
flat products. All the existing operating facilities
have been accredited with OHSAS-18001, ISO-9001:
2000 and ISO - 14001. Vijayanagar Works has
integrated operations from beneficiation plant to
1 million tpy Cold Rolling Mill Complex. The Salem
9-16
Works has an integrated manufacturing facility with
an overall crude steel capacity of 1 million tpy,
comprising sinter plant, blast furnace, EOF, billet
caster, bloom caster & rolling with associated
facilities, such as, coke oven, power plant, oxygen
plant, etc. The slabs and HR coil produced at
Vi ja yn a ga r Wor ks ar e fur t h er pr ocessed i n
downstream units at Vasind and Tarapur into value-
added HR plates, CR, galvanised, galvalume and
colour-coated products.
The Company has enhanced the total capacity
to 10 million tpy at Vijayanagar Works. Two subsidiaries
of the Company – M/s JSW Bengal Steel Ltd and
M/s JSW Jharkhand Steel Ltd – have been incorporated
to set up greenfield steel plants with 10 million tpy
capacity each in West Bengal and Jharkhand,
respectively. The Company is in possession of
required land in West Bengal, while in Jharkhand,
it has obtained a mining lease for iron ore.
The Vijaynagar works is also the first Indian
plant that underakes large-scale, low-grade iron
benefi cia t i on pr ocess. It s 4. 62 MT PA coke
manufacturing unit is also the largest such facility in
a single location. The Company has a manufacturing
capacity of 9.2 MT of pellets annually at Vijayanagar.
JSW Steel has acquired a majority stake in Ispat
Steel w.e.f. 21.12.2010. It has set up one of the largest
integrated steel plants in the Private Sector in India
at Dolvi in Raigad district, Maharashtra. The plant
has a capacity to produce 5 million tonnes of Steel
per annum. The Integrated Steel plant functions on
the Convertor-cum-Electric Arc Furnace route
(CONARC Process) to produce steel through modern
Twin Shell Electric Arc Furnace. JSW, Dolvi also
having a sinter plant of capacity 4.74 MTPA. The
expansion work at the Dolvi plant to enhance
capacity from 3.3 MTPA to 5 MTPA has completed
recently.
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
The Company aims to produce 44 million tonnes
of steel annually with Greenfield integrated steel
plants coming up in West Bengal and Jharkhand (of
10 MTPA each) by 2030. Company also plans to
expand its Vijaynagar works to 20 MTPA, Dolvi
works to 10 MTPA and salav to 3 MTPA.
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (JSPL)
JSPL having manufacturing facilities for steel
products in three locations; Raigarh in Chhattisgarh,
Angul in Odisha and Patratu in Jharkhand. JSPL has
set up a rail & universal beam plant with capabilities
to produce 121 m long single piece rail and is the
first in the country to manufacture large-size parallel
flange beams. The sponge iron plant at Raigarh,
Chhattisgarh has capacity of 1.37 million tpy.
Facilities at Raigarh also include a Sinter plant of
2.84 MTPA and Steel melt shop of 3.25 MTPA.
Under the 'Make in India' vision, JSPL has
successfully completed Angul Greenfield project with
installation of 4 MTPA Bast Furnace, the largest
ever built in India. Other plants being set up are:
6 million tpy integrated steel plant at Patratu,
Jharkhand and 7 million tpy steel plant at Raigarh,
Chhattisgarh. It has planned to implement these
projects in phases. The present plant at Raigarh is
also under expansion to 7 million tpy (3 million tpy
through EF route and 4 million tpy through BOF
route) comprising 3 million tpy flat products and
4 million tpy long products. It will also have
6 million tpy gas-based DRI plant with matching coal
gasification unit and 4 million tpy hot metal capacity.
Essar Steel Limited (ESL)
A state-of-the-art hot rolled coil steel plant was
set up at Hazira, Gujarat with 10 million tonnes
capacity per annum supported by a 20 MTPA pellet
facility. It is the largest fully-integrated manufacturer
of high-quality flat steel products in western India.
The Company's operations include 8 million tpy and
12 million tpy beneficiation plants at Bailadila in
Chhattisgarh and Dabuna in Odisha. Essar has the
world's second largest slurry pipeline of 267 km and
9-17
also 253 km to transport beneficiated iron ore slurry
to the pellet plants namely, 8 million tpy pellet complex
at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh and 6 million tpy
plant at Paradip, Odisha. The Essar Steel Complex
at Hazira in Surat district, Gujarat houses the world's
largest gas-based single location sponge iron plant
with a capacity of 6.8 million tpy. The complex also
houses 1.4 million tpy cold rolling plant, 4.6 million
tpy electric arc furnace, 4.6 million tpy continuous
caster and 3.6 million tpy hot strip mill. Outstanding
performance has been observed in the 3 DRI-HBI
modules of the company.
The Company has plans to double the capacity
of pelletisation at Paradip, Odisha from 6 MTPA to
12 MTPA. The scheme also includes installation of
pellet plant and iron ore beneficiation plant. The
Company has plans to set up a steel plant of
3.2 million tonnes per annum capacity at Bastar,
Chhattisgarh, (In the first phase, a 1.6 million tpy
steel plant with a captive power plant is to be set
up), 3 million tonnes per annum in Jharkhand and
6 million tonnes per annum in Karnataka.
Electrosteel Steels
Electrosteel Steels Limited is one of the pioneer
companies that manufactures of Ductile Iron (DI)
pipe. The Company is in the process of setting up
2.51 MTPA Greenfield Steel and DI pipe plant based
on iron ore processed through Blast Furnace (BF),
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), Continuous Casting
(CC), Hot Rolling Mill Route.
Monnet Ispat and Energy Limited
Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd is a reputed steel
manufacturer in the country having integrated steel
plant of 1.8 MTPA, which include 0.8 MTPA sponge
iron, 0.7 MTPA blast furnace, 0.50 MTPA rebar mill,
0.2 MTPA structural mill, 230 MW power plant,
0.75 MTPA sinter plant, 1.20 MTPA pelletisation
plant and 1.00 MTPA coal beneficiation plant at
Raipur & Raigarh in the State of Chhattisgarh. The
Company has reportedly invested ` 7,600 crore in
its diversification activities and further proposes
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
to expand its capacities from 1.8 MTPA to 2.4
MTPA with incorporation of additional facilities
of coke oven, blast furnace, sponge iron, power,
cement grinding unit, lime dolomite plant, rolling
mill, slag crushing & automisation plant, etc.
Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited (NINL)
NINL has an iron & steel plant with 1.1 million
t on n e s p e r a n n u m ca p a c i t y l oc a t ed a t
Kalinganagar, Duburi, Jajpur districts, Odisha.
In addition, NINL along with Odisha Government
have plans for setting up one million tonne steel
plant at Kalinganagar, Jajpur, Odisha. The other
product of th e Company that is sold i n the
domestic market is gra nulated slag which is
consumed by several cement plants.
N a t i o n a l M i n e ra l De v e lo p m en t
Corporation Ltd
N M D C i s n ow d i r e ct i n g i t s r e s our c e s
to diversify into steel making and other value-
added products. The Company has plans to set
up an integrated steel plant with three million
tonnes capacity in Chhattisgarh near Nagarnar,
Bastar district, construction work for the project
i s i n pr ogr ess. NMDC i s i n t h e pr ocess of
e x p a n d i n g i t s bu s i n e s s t h r ou g h for wa r d
integration in both greenfield and brownfield
projects by setting up (a) 2.0 million tpy pellet
plant in Chhattisgarh with 2 MTPA beneficiation
plant at Bacheli and (b) 1.2 million tpy pellet plant
at Donimalai in Karnataka. Consruction work for
the project is in progress.
Further, NMDC had participated in the Legacy
Iron's right issue in August 2014. Post right issue,
NMDC's equity in Legacy Iron has increased from
48.82% to 78.56%. NMDC has acquired 50% equity
in Legacy Iron Ore Ltd Australia. NMDC has
signed an MoU with RINL for laying a slurry
pipeline from Bailadila Complex (Chhattisgarh) to
Vizag (Andhra Pradesh) via Jagdalpur to facilitate
transmission of iron ore concentrate.
KIOCL Ltd
The Company operates a 350 cu m capacity
blast furnace at Pan ambur, New Ma ngaluru
9-18
Port for production of pig iron with 2.16 lakh tpy
capacity and a Ductile Iron Spun Pipe (DISP)
plant of 1,00,000 tonnes per year capacity. The
h ot m e t a l fr om bl a s t fu r n a ce i s t h e m a i n
feed stock for the DISP plant. The Company
i s a l s o i n t h e p r oce ss of s el ec t i n g a j oi n t
venture equity partner for an integrated steel plant
to be set up in Karnataka with initial capacity of
1.5 MTPA and expandable to 5 MTPA with equity
pa rt icipati on . The Com pa ny al so oper at es a
3.5 million tpy pellets plant at Mangaluru with
heamatite ore purchased from NMDC. Also, under
the 'Make in India' initiative of Govt. of India,
KIOCL pr od uced h i gh -gr a de pel l et s out of
imported high-grade ore procurred from Brazil.
It has signed an MoU with Kerala State Industrial
Development Corporation Ltd (KSIDL) for setting
u p of i r on or e m i n i n g , be n e fi ci a t i on a n d
pelletisation plant in Kerala.
VISA Steel Ltd
VISA Steel is a leading player in the special
steel (0.5 MTPA ), ferrochrome (1,80,000 tpa) and
metallurgical coke (0.4 million tpa) business in
India. The Compan y is setting up an integrated
1 million tpa special steel plant and 2,50,000 TPA
fe r r oc h r ome p l a n t at Kal i n g an ag ar In d u st r i al
Complex in Odisha. The first phase of 0.5 million
t pa s pe ci al s t e el l on g p r o d u ct p l a n t i s fu l l y
operational. The facilities include a 2,25,000 tpa
pi g ir on plan t, 3,00 ,000 tpa sponge ir on plan t,
5,00,000 tpa steel melt shop (with EAF, LRF and
VD) & 5,00,000 tpa rolling mill (bar & wire rod
mill). VISA Steel is also operating 1,80,000 tpa
ferrochrome plant and a 7 5 M W capt ive power
plant. VISA S un Coke Li mited, a joint vent ure
Company between VISA Steel Li mited an d Sun
Coke Energy, USA operates a 4,00,000 TPA heat
r ec over y co ke pl an t an d as s oc i a t e d st ea m
generation units at Kalinganagar in Odisha. VISA
Steel has signed an MoU with the Government of
Chhattisgarh for setting up a 2.5 million integrated
carbon steel plant at Korarlia, district Raigarh.
IRON & STEEL SCRAP
Iron & steel scrap is one of the essential
requirements for manufacture of steel in Mini-steel
Industry. It is also consumed by some major steel
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
plants. Scrap, especially from the Ship Breaking
I n d us t r y su p p l i e s s u bs t a n t i a l q u a n t i t y of
re-rollable steel and steel scrap for the Iron & Steel
Industry. Iron scrap is available in the country in
the form of pressed bundles, a mixture of used
steel components (called as a commercial scrap),
turnings & borings and heavy melting scrap.
These are generated by industries of all sectors
l i ke a utom obil es, r a i l ways a nd en gi n eeri n g
workshops.
The collection and processing of scrap in
an organised manner is undertaken by a few
units in the country. In the local market, scrap
is supplied by dealers who in turn arrange to
have scrap collected manually or through sub-
dealers.
The consumption of scrap is mainly reported
by Induction Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace
units, Integrated Steel Plants and Alloy Steel &
Foundry industries. Scraps are used in the Steel
Sector after recycling. Recycling scrap helps in
conservation of energy as remelting of scrap
requires much less energy than production of iron
or steel from iron ore. Also, the consumption of
iron and scrap by remelting reduces the burden
on landfill disposal facilities and prevents the
accumulation of abandoned steel products in the
environment. It increases the availability of semi-
finished material, which otherwise would have to
be produced using the ore. Thus, it helps in
conservation of natural resources.
Ship Breaking
Ship breaking has been a major source of
scrap generation. Ship breaking activities are
carried out at various places on the Indian coast,
the largest concentration being in the West coast.
Private entrepreneurs handle the task of ship
breaking in India. It is a labour-intensive job, and
in India, it is a cost-efficient activity. Locations
of present ship breaking activities are:
i) Alang and Sosiya yards in Bhavnagar
district, Gujarat,
9-19
ii) Sachana district, Gujarat
iii) Mumbai and
iv) Kolkata
Al a n g & Sosi ya ya rds a ccoun t for 90%
concentration of the Ship Breaking Industry in
India. The yard has capacity to recycle about 450
ships per year generating re-rollable steel of > 4.5
million tonnes per annum. There are a total of 167
plots available for ship recycling spread over
10 km stretch along the coast of Alang. During
2012-13 and 2013-14, a total of 394 and 298 ships
were beached by the Industry accounting for 3.8
m i l l i on t on n e s a n d 3 . 0 6 m i l l i on t on n e s ,
respectively, in terms of LDT (Light Displacement
Tonnage, viz, physical weight of a ship). Today,
Alang possibly represents the single largest
concentration of Ship Breaking Industry in the
world. The life of an average ocean-going ship is
about 20 years. About 40% of the ships broken
are dry cargo ships, while the remaining 40% of
the ships broken a re wet cargo, tanker and
specialised ships. These recyclable steels mainly
as steel scrap provide feed to Steel and Foundry
Industry in India. The steel generated from ship
recycling contributes to around 1% to 2% of the
domestic steel demand.
Th e r ecom men dat ions of a com mitt ee of
Technical Experts on Ship Breaking set up by the
Government of India on the directions of the
Hon'ble Supreme Court have been accepted by the
Hon'ble Supreme Court on 6.9.2007, on the issue
of handling & management of the hazardous
industrial waste generated during ship breaking.
In pursuance of the directions of the Hon’ble
Supreme Court in CWP 657 of 1995, Government
of India in the Ministry of Steel had formulated
and notified the comprehensive code for ship
breaking and ship recycling, namely Ship breaking
Code, 2013, vide Notification dated 7th March,
2013.
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

MSTC Ltd WORLD REVIEW

(Formerly Metal Scrap Trade Corp. Ltd)
Presently, the Company undertakes trading
activities, e-commerce, disposal of ferrous and non-
ferrous scrap, surplus stores and other secondary
arising mostly from Public Sector Undertakings and
Government Departments, including Ministry of
Defence. The Company also undertakes import of
raw materials in bulk required by large industrial
houses on back-to-back basis. The items of import
include petroleum products, low ash metallurgical
coke, coking coal, steam coal, DR pellets, HR coils
and heavy melting scrap. It also undertakes trading
of items within the country in competition with any
other private trader.
Ferro Scrap Nigam Ltd (FSNL)
FSNL is a wholly owned subsidiary of MSTC
Ltd under the Ministry of Steel. The Company
undertakes the recovery and processing of scrap
from slag and refuse dumps in the nine steel plants
at Bhilai, Bokaro, Burnpur, Durgapur, Rourkela,
Visakhapatnam, Dolvi, Duburi and Haridwar and
also at Rail Wheel factory Bengaluru. The scrap
so recovered is returned to the steel plants for
The world production of pig iron in 2016 was
about 1,231 million tonnes as against 1,229 million
tonnes in 2015. China (57%), Japan (7%), India
(6%) and Russia & Korea, Rep. of (4% each) were
the main producers. Countries namely, Brazil,
USA, Germany and Ukraine too featured in the
list as principal producers (Table-11).
The world crude steel production in 2016 slightly
increased to 1,623 million tonnes from 1,620 million
tonnes in 2015. China was the top producer accounting
for 50% of world's crude steel production, followed
by Japan & India (6% each), USA (5% ) and Russia &
Korea, Rep. of (4% each). Other important producers
were Germany, Turkey, Brazil and Italy (Table-12).
Table – 11 : World Production of Pig Iron
(By Principal Countries)
(I n '0 0 0 ton ne s)
Country 2014 2015 2016

recycling disposal and the Company is paid

World Total 12 63 00 0 12 29 00 0 12 31 00 0
processing charges on the quantity recovered at
e e
varying rates depending on the category of scrap. Brazil 32000 33000 350 00

Scrap is generated during iron & steel making China 7 1 37 4 8 6 9 14 1 3 7 0 07 3 6

and also in the rolling mills. In addition, the France 108 66 100 97 97 24
Company provides steel mill services, such as,
Germany 279 43 278 44 272 69
scarfing of slabs, handling of BOF slag, etc.
In the year 2016-17, the FSNL has recovered India 755 32 746 21 772 54
2.64 million tonnes of scrap having value of Iran 173 33 170 05 183 00
` 2325.74 crores.
Japan 838 72 810 11 801 86

TRADE POLICY Korea, Rep. of 469 09 476 39 463 36

As per the notified Export-Import Policy Mexico 110 93 100 74 9268 e

incorporated under the Foreign Trade Policy Russia 514 00 537 00 519 00
(FTP) for 2015-20, the imports of primary forms
Taiwan 145 05 143 70 149 19
of pig iron, spiegeleisen, sponge iron, ferro-alloys,
sta in less st eel , remelt i ng scr a p, a s a lso th e Turkey e
200 00 200 00 200 00
s e m i - fi n i s h ed p r od u ct s of i r on , n on - a l l oy USA 293 45 254 35 222 93
st eel or st a i n l es s st eel (su ch a s fl a t - r ol l ed
e
Uk raine 248 01 218 63 21860
products, bars, rods, coils and wires), primaryand
semi-finished forms of other alloy-steels, etc. are Other countries 1 0 37 4 1 1 0 10 1 1 958 98
unrestricted. Similarly, the exports are also allowed Sourc e : World Mine ra l Pro d u ctio n, 20 1 2 -2 0 16 , BGS
freely. e : Estimated

9-20
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 12 : World Production of Crude Steel FOREIGN TRADE

(By Principal Countries)
Exports
(I n '0 0 0 ton ne s)
Exports of iron and steel (total) increased sharply
Country 2014 2015 2016 in 2016-17 to 15.44 million tonnes from 9.12 million
tonnes in the previous year. Steel exports in 2016-17
World: Total 16 70 00 0 16 20 00 0 16 23 00 0 comprised mainly of semi-finished steel (including steel
Brazil 339 12 332 00 302 00
ingots) with 7.27 million tonnes (47%) and finished
steel (including cold rolled sheets) with 5.72 million
Canada 125 95 124 73 126 72 tonnes (37%). Other items together accounted for the
China 8 2 23 0 6 8 0 38 2 5 8 0 83 6 6 remaining 16% exports. Exports in 2016-17 were mainly
France 161 44 149 84 144 13
to Nepal (11%), Italy, Belgium & UAE (8% each) and
Vietnam (7% ). Exports of pig and cast iron including
Germany 429 43 426 74 420 81 spiegeleisen increased to 4.89 lakh tonnes in 2016-17
India 889 79 897 90 974 43 from 3.28 lakh tonnes in the previous year. Exports were
Iran 162 57 168 05 170 00 mainly to Thailand (30%) followed by Taiwan 21% and
Bangladesh 19%. (Tables- 13 to 22).
Ita ly 237 14 220 18 233 73
Japan 1 1 06 6 6 1 0 51 3 4 1 0 47 7 5 Imports
Korea, Rep. of 715 42 696 70 685 75 Imports of iron and steel (total) in 2016-17
e
decreased sharply by 33% to 14.7 million tonnes from
Mexico 189 95 182 28 18137
21.90 million tonnes in the previous year. Imports in
Russia 703 00 694 00 696 00 2016-17 comprised iron & steel scrap with 5.72 million
Spain 141 63 148 45 136 54 tonnes (39%), finished steel, including cold rolled
sheets with 3.77 million tonnes (26%) and semi-finished
Taiwan 225 11 208 15 208 58
steel including ingots with 3.68 million tonnes (25%).
T urkey 340 35 315 17 331 63 Imports in 2016-17 were mainly from China (19%),
USA 881 74 788 45 784 75 Republic of Korea (15%), Japan (9%) and USA (6%).
The imports of pig and cast iron (including
UK 120 34 109 07 75 81
spiegeleisen) increased to 77 thousand tonnes in
Other countries 1 7 10 2 4 1 6 47 9 7 1 6 28 5 6 2016-17 from 62 thousand tonnes in the previous year.
Imports were mainly from Indonesia (32%), Russia
Source: World Mineral Production, 2012-2016, BGS
(11%), China (10%), Spain (9%) and Sweden (7%)
e: Estimated
(Tables-23 to 32).

Table – 13 : Exports of Iron & Steel (Total)

(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 91 22 89 6 67 736 53 84 15 44 05 62 861 5117 43

USA 7 6 58 6 0 10 479 82 27 8 7 36 2 8 10 283 80 78
UAE 7 2 73 1 2 49 31 01 66 12 14 76 7 64 92 95 27
Ita ly 5 0 24 0 3 28 78 15 94 12 50 26 0 57 42 54 76
Belgium 3 4 68 8 5 21 38 35 38 12 19 00 3 55 48 99 55
Nepal 11 82 82 5 33 78 58 27 16 84 89 5 47 82 78 36
Vietnam 556 13 48 92 45 2 11 38 58 6 37 98 51 47
Germany 1 8 16 8 1 30 18 50 51 1 9 69 1 1 29 58 58 16
Saudi Arabia 2 5 02 1 7 21 65 62 58 4 7 19 2 8 27 80 56 61
Bangladesh 6 7 56 3 1 18 48 84 04 10 02 69 7 26 41 25 15
Spain 2 0 97 7 2 13 39 68 49 5 4 60 1 6 26 34 65 96
Other countries 42 24 69 7 35 068 70 18 58 41 87 1 38 486 51 36

9-21
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 14 : Exports of Iron & Steel (Finished Steel Including CR Sheet)

(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 40 82 39 5 24 524 90 25 57 24 81 6 30 941 63 91

USA 3 6 62 3 7 31 97 59 71 4 5 42 7 2 36 04 13 35
UAE 4 3 04 3 9 22 57 02 08 5 5 92 1 2 28 61 92 81
Belgium 1 8 00 2 2 11 64 11 79 4 2 05 2 7 24 07 64 92
Nepal 4 9 81 0 2 13 60 90 23 7 5 47 3 8 19 47 45 49
Saudi Arabia 830 07 57 31 23 7 2 6 29 4 1 13 86 80 56
Ita ly 1 4 61 8 3 94 55 88 9 1 9 83 1 4 13 59 52 29
Indonesia 754 20 60 75 30 8 2 0 28 1 4 11 89 86 83
Spain 1 4 96 5 5 79 88 43 7 2 0 92 0 1 11 86 29 80
Kuwait 381 05 33 78 65 3 1 0 76 4 2 84 67 71 8
Ethiopia 1 4 64 6 9 72 35 62 0 1 6 49 5 5 83 39 66 3
Other countries 19 68 75 6 12 558 75 00 23 90 20 0 13 317 24 05

Table – 15 : Exports of Iron & Steel Table – 16 : Exports of Iron & Steel
(Steel wire) (Other Finished Steel, NES)
(By Countries) (By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)
Country
Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Co untries 19 75 66 8 28 625 37 50 18 10 98 5 26 804 38 66

All Countries 1 5 74 4 3 18 1191 35 1 3 73 9 4 17 10 20 43

USA 225 99 38 63 88 5 204 01 34 00 13 7 USA 2 9 79 9 5 58 12 62 08 2 7 84 5 4 56 87 32 23

Netherlands 173 97 25 91 64 8 198 03 26 61 85 5 Germany 1 1 92 4 2 20 98 85 01 1 0 59 4 1 19 90 33 60

T urkey 58 67 8 8 62 8 2 58 81 8 2 83 4 8 UAE 1 7 15 4 0 20 45 35 94 1 4 28 6 8 18 31 21 62

Russia 24 84 4 7 13 7 7 40 40 6 6 83 3 9 UK 1 0 54 1 6 15 98 66 46 977 40 14 15 39 27

Ita ly 42 12 6 5 18 0 0 44 10 6 5 35 0 1 Saudi Arabia 1 4 84 3 1 14 66 58 80 903 09 97 76 17 1

UAE 81 39 5 7 84 0 5 79 75 5 8 94 3 2 Netherlands 530 65 84 45 64 3 511 96 82 95 46 0

Nepal 436 72 9 8 97 0 4 155 46 5 1 64 9 3 Ita ly 349 21 70 74 82 2 344 69 75 47 45 5

Germany 27 20 5 3 04 4 0 26 89 5 0 04 3 1 France 292 09 57 78 90 2 293 76 62 19 34 4

Korea, Rep. of 20 51 3 9 87 0 4 26 54 4 8 77 1 4 Canada 597 74 71 78 58 7 405 32 57 06 50 2

Belgium 29 35 5 3 81 2 6 28 52 4 8 27 3 4 Australia 355 29 45 08 43 2 355 07 46 82 29 5

Other countries 453 67 66 18 76 4 511 43 63 13 05 9 Other countries 9 2 05 4 6 12 304 65 35 9 0 45 9 3 11 657 39 67

9-22
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 17 : Exports of Iron & Steel

(Semi-finished Steel Including Steel Ingot)
(By Countries)
2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)
Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 26 71 56 1 119 6419 01 72 74 67 0 25 434 57 58

Ita ly 3 1 62 9 2 11 42 13 33 10 00 78 5 35 06 54 11
Vietnam 325 07 24 37 11 1 10 87 87 7 34 12 34 14
Belgium 1 4 36 7 7 60 70 81 2 7 7 01 5 9 27 35 31 03
Nepal 5 5 26 1 2 15 69 22 35 8 0 63 1 2 22 74 09 15
Malaysia 367 42 13 83 47 6 5 6 34 2 2 16 85 74 68
UAE 1 1 34 5 2 52 02 34 5 4 9 65 1 1 16 60 55 86
Spain 365 81 14 58 33 5 3 1 64 6 4 10 90 18 08
Bangladesh 4 0 57 3 9 87 39 35 6 4 2 27 4 0 10 55 78 22
USA 726 67 99 46 02 4 1 1 34 0 6 59 66 09 2
Thailand 436 76 17 87 73 7 1 7 83 8 7 50 99 47 9
Other countries 9 1 76 1 6 55 50 31 37 15 18 60 7 69 07 46 60

Table – 18 : Exports of Iron & Steel : Alloy Steel Table – 19 : Exports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel
(Granules) (Powder)
(By Countries)
(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country 2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)
Qt y Value Qt y Value Country
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000) Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Co untries 33 0 235 43 113 132 24

All Countries 22 4 129 62 5 34 47
USA 11 9 125 43 44 78 17
Japan 42 30 97 1 85 5
Malaysia 13 13 12 33 24 88
Bangladesh 5 18 76 2 72 9
UAE 25 13 57 7 85 8
Bangladesh 18 12 67 7 50 8 T urkey ++ 46 5 ++ 52 6

Bhu tan - - 4 28 9 UAE - - ++ 22 7

Chinese Taipei/ USA 2 72 4 ++ 68

Taiwan 27 12 18 3 25 8 Austria - - ++ 13
Nepal 3 15 1 4 23 2 Canada - - ++ 2
Sweden - - 1 19 2 Saudi Arabia 13 5 28 67 - -
Sri Lanka ++ 23 3 18 1
China 23 16 28 - -
Ivory Coast/
Iran 16 11 20 - -
Cote-D Ivoire - - 2 16 0
Other countries 1 11 85 2 10 27
Other countries 12 5 56 72 5 24 1

9-23
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 20 : Exports of Iron & Steel (Scrap) Table–21: Exports of Iron & Steel
(By Countries) (Sponge iron)
(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country 2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)
Qt y Value Qt y Value Country
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000) Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 49 17 3 0 66 8 8 11328 7 8 20 8 8

All Countries 1 9 28 2 3 32 15 97 8 3 9 42 5 4 64 67 17 1
China 28 19 70 60 28 4 2 54 6 9
Bangladesh 1 2 72 0 4 20 41 88 7 2 5 84 2 0 39 40 14 8
Sweden 21 00 2 2 12 9 7 18 94 2 0 87 9 6
Thailand - - 315 00 6 3 60 7 1
Belgium - - 24 261 60
Nepal 517 81 7 4 01 7 0 285 22 5 0 07 9 4
Brazil 10 3 90 64 22 1 160 19
Kuwait - - 285 58 4 4 76 2 7
Germany 9 22 26 40 119 52
Indonesia - - 207 77 3 4 64 2 6
Bangladesh 16 83 344 91 62 6 114 42
Thailand 1 23 7 98 101 51 Korea, Rep. of 22 34 25 31 18 1 9 16 5 5

France 23 44 74 36 97 15 Bhu tan 115 56 3 3 08 5 8 109 53 1 4 23 8 6

Chinese Taipei/ Malaysia - - 42 53 730 51

Taiwan 1 32 54 93 90 USA 43 9 650 77 39 8 650 69
USA 49 8 151 46 22 2 75 68 Sudan - - 17 73 291 76
Other countries 47 1 177 51 20 85 454 26 Other countries 18 21 345 61 59 82 947 68

Table – 22 : Exports of Pig & Cast Iron (Including Spiegeleisen)

(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 3 2 82 7 8 60 41 51 0 4 8 93 8 3 96 18 05 0
Thailand 1 7 58 0 7 27 95 15 4 1 4 88 2 4 27 80 31 6
Chinese Taipei/Taiwan 444 27 7 4 67 3 2 1 0 32 5 5 18 11 50 5
Bangladesh 266 26 4 7 87 1 7 939 70 16 10 93 1
USA 15 81 1 4 80 5 1 484 77 10 49 80 6
Indonesia 60 0 210 48 455 74 9 4 86 0 6
Pa kistan 119 77 2 3 81 4 4 143 12 3 1 86 4 3
Japan 100 02 3 5 00 4 4 86 00 2 7 54 6 0
Malaysia 22 7 302 92 68 15 1 4 41 2 3
Iran 80 7 727 43 12 44 1 1 22 0 6
Bhu tan 57 93 975 45 67 62 981 63
Other countries 504 31 10 63 04 0 115 50 4 6 82 9 1

9-24
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table - 23 : Imports of Iron & Steel (Total)

(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 21 89 80 78 92 589 89 39 14 70 60 46 72 505 41 76

China 51 70 41 1 22 460 32 84 28 03 96 2 16 582 00 35
Korea, Rep. of 33 81 04 7 13 815 19 53 22 76 93 3 11 326 54 11
Japan 25 78 00 5 11 706 19 39 12 89 13 6 84 80 70 22
USA 12 83 56 5 49 09 28 04 9 2 36 4 8 40 22 90 43
Germany 4 7 60 6 1 38 64 69 86 2 9 24 2 8 34 90 61 18
UK 10 09 97 9 30 20 89 13 8 5 98 4 8 22 35 97 65
UAE 12 00 13 8 30 95 53 15 8 3 31 7 9 21 16 37 54
Malaysia 3 5 23 3 3 19 03 00 43 3 1 57 6 5 19 37 30 48
Thailand 2 2 90 2 8 19 81 35 50 2 4 90 6 3 19 09 32 74
France 999 09 12 31 21 01 2 0 19 6 2 16 67 91 41
Other countries 61 17 60 2 24 602 20 51 46 60 12 2 18 735 75 65

Table – 24: Imports of Iron & Steel

(Finished Steel Including CR Sheet)
(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 52 89 56 3 311 6174 60 37 65 49 3 25 718 55 61

China 30 28 20 0 12 738 54 70 17 45 39 5 87 28 47 57
Korea, Rep. of 6 6 46 0 1 46 38 70 49 6 8 77 0 0 46 56 86 92
Japan 6 5 11 0 5 45 02 75 16 5 5 08 9 2 44 30 80 38
Germany 1 0 39 0 4 11 02 88 16 943 76 11 74 56 28
USA 1 0 14 1 0 12 46 82 05 890 27 98 26 65 5
Russia 880 26 85 08 63 0 652 18 68 82 46 5
France 400 87 51 52 77 1 342 70 58 58 04 8
Belgium 854 44 58 37 96 7 787 47 48 98 99 7
Ita ly 375 45 63 96 51 6 276 94 43 90 98 8
Chinese Taipei/
Taiwan 415 23 35 90 01 2 324 10 27 94 64 8
Other countries 4 4 77 1 8 39 83 45 08 3 5 97 6 4 32 62 66 45

9-25
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 25 : Imports of Iron & Steel Table – 26 : Imports of Iron & Steel
(Steel Wire) (Other Finished Steel, NES)
(By Countries) (By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P) 2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 2 2 05 3 5 15 58 51 65 2 4 69 5 8 17 57 62 90 All Countries 7 0 08 7 1 15 883 03 12 6 1 86 5 4 15 531 41 58

China 1 2 54 7 5 68 13 52 1 1 2 74 8 4 76 30 20 3 China 2 8 89 5 1 40 95 75 28 3 5 06 7 0 47 01 60 88
Japan 96 77 20 46 41 1 134 92 22 26 60 1 Japan 255 72 14 67 61 79 252 38 15 93 49 87
Korea, Rep. of 120 65 11 54 85 6 207 61 16 07 03 0 Germany 1 3 85 8 9 16 83 59 58 304 83 15 82 04 54
Malaysia 208 60 12 82 52 0 247 24 14 20 80 4 USA 116 37 92 02 04 4 122 02 10 82 16 71
Nepal 195 97 9 6 48 4 8 218 76 10 87 98 8 Korea, Rep. of 378 03 11 48 50 11 285 54 98 83 76 5
France 38 88 3 9 45 4 5 58 12 5 1 42 6 7 Thailand 340 33 10 27 20 64 295 61 94 61 82 8
Vietnam 47 60 3 7 37 0 1 69 61 4 5 97 1 7 Malaysia 253 87 35 59 46 0 335 93 85 04 02 4
Germany 11 23 4 3 61 5 7 95 0 4 5 40 4 6 Ita ly 178 96 85 03 69 5 171 51 65 40 54 5
Thailand 57 01 3 3 06 3 4 65 45 3 7 87 3 8 UK 61 97 40 01 23 6 56 55 38 15 86 8
Indonesia 45 34 3 2 44 4 2 40 92 3 4 47 1 0 France 58 86 41 49 39 9 65 72 37 23 02 4
Other countries 128 55 14 63 53 0 142 61 14 52 18 6 Other countries 1 0 89 2 0 35 18 77 38 789 75 23 79 19 04

Table – 27 : Imports of Iron & Steel

(Semi-finished Steel Including Steel Ingots)
(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 80 28 42 0 23 006 59 29 36 86 64 4 12 654 72 23

Korea, Rep. of 25 10 48 9 71 56 32 91 12 73 32 6 43 75 72 98
Japan 17 77 02 1 51 16 94 17 6 6 69 3 5 21 08 18 61
China 15 81 24 6 41 06 34 83 3 7 41 3 2 11 95 08 37
Indonesia 5 0 99 5 2 11 75 52 19 3 4 13 7 9 86 50 04 3
Austria 1 3 11 0 5 59 86 55 1 1 6 67 6 0 72 34 79 2
Russia 3 5 68 2 9 92 34 01 9 2 2 62 1 8 57 42 39 3
France 309 66 17 53 27 1 1 3 72 8 6 57 09 86 8
Singapore 1 2 27 6 2 41 51 75 7 1 2 85 6 9 43 02 74 4
Germany 965 91 50 02 87 6 599 19 34 26 22 4
Uk raine 2 4 55 6 4 60 85 59 7 1 0 63 5 8 29 79 80 8
Other countries 6 6 58 9 5 22 30 04 48 2 0 57 6 2 11 71 13 55

9-26
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table – 28 : Imports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel Table-29: Imports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel
(Granules) (Powder)
(By Countries) (By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P) 2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 160 76 7 6117 9 186 41 7 9 70 2 6 All Countries 24 33 5 8 40 9 0 16 81 3 4 79 7 9

Spain 46 17 2 2 18 6 3 54 81 2 3 19 4 5 China 31 0 816 07 39 4 851 48

France 40 40 1 6 46 1 6 43 55 1 9 19 7 2 Japan 19 512 04 58 824 12

China 20 35 915 76 38 70 1 3 75 0 9 Sweden 11 47 1 3 54 6 8 56 0 487 14
South Africa 12 17 524 04 15 53 659 95 USA 33 1 959 14 20 7 487 13
Germany 89 8 508 92 12 04 652 24
Belgium 46 302 78 55 227 62
Chinese Taipei/
Canada 31 9 332 95 26 1 184 49
Taiwan 93 8 448 01 70 0 255 43
Singapore 1 56 2 4 120 23
Japan 13 0 219 96 27 4 226 31
UK 22 2 1 4 54 9 3 30 108 98
UK 53 28 74 28 2 143 91
Thailand 38 6 180 27 30 9 134 90 Germany 29 88 72 12 69 25

Korea, Rep. of 94 37 98 29 1 103 48 Korea, Rep. of - - 64 50 46

Other countries 16 68 883 32 32 2 179 78 Other countries 9 13 97 36 68 89

Table-30 : Imports of Iron & Steel (Scrap)

(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 72 18 86 9 18 444 05 84 57 19 94 9 13 785 46 65

USA 11 56 90 7 25 51 57 60 8 1 01 9 3 17 68 49 59
UAE 10 25 90 0 22 91 54 29 7 4 60 7 8 17 01 22 14
UK 9 7 02 1 8 22 43 20 19 8 3 32 5 6 15 91 24 79
Malaysia 2 2 36 7 0 82 02 17 1 2 2 47 8 6 72 05 32 6
Thailand 1 4 32 2 1 68 93 83 7 1 6 33 7 8 65 42 20 6
Singapore 3 9 99 1 4 10 01 20 88 2 2 84 1 4 61 47 35 2
Netherlands 1 0 81 9 7 65 77 40 5 1 4 83 4 0 55 19 88 0
Korea, Rep. of 1 1 83 4 3 60 73 58 3 910 92 50 80 89 0
South Africa 7 7 39 0 3 16 16 64 01 2 8 56 9 6 49 99 16 2
Australia 4 0 65 6 6 86 75 42 5 2 0 42 5 8 40 26 56 1
Other countries 18 92 03 0 50 97 64 66 19 84 45 8 47 72 36 36

9-27
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Table-31 : Imports of Iron & Steel

(Sponge Iron)
(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 312 26 6 0 03 5 5 381 36 5 6 04 1 4

UAE 129 92 2 4 74 7 4 281 51 4 3 31 1 0

South Africa - - 71 91 838 41

Saudi Arabia - - 17 59 183 97

Baharain 145 51 2 7 62 9 4 99 8 139 96

Japan - - 36 108 42

USA ++ 12 1 19 8

Austria - - ++ 30

Oma n 35 63 749 18 - -

Bhu tan 11 0 11 10 - -

Germany 10 51 4 - -

Other countries ++ 33 - -

Table-32 : Imports of Pig & Cast Iron

(Incl. Speigeliesen)
(By Countries)

2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)

Country
Qt y Value Qt y Value
(t ) (` ’000) (t ) (` ’000)

All Countries 624 22 39 79 00 9 772 64 48 24 78 5

Indonesia 159 02 8 4 27 9 4 249 15 14 82 74 3

China 65 90 4 0 50 3 2 76 60 4 5 15 6 7

Germany 20 16 3 1 19 9 1 19 74 3 8 91 2 7

Sweden 46 43 3 5 03 4 1 51 02 3 5 28 7 5

Spain 45 08 2 1 94 3 8 73 38 3 4 37 2 7

Japan 48 1 2 7 14 4 5 47 3 3 1 47 2 6

UK 92 4 2 2 49 1 1 79 0 2 4 11 5 8

Russia 40 52 1 1 84 1 5 88 66 2 0 41 7 3

USA 20 36 2 6 03 5 5 13 37 1 7 41 0 7

Chinese Taipei/

Taiwan 46 33 1 4 01 1 2 38 60 1 2 79 1 9

Other countries 166 37 8 3 41 7 5 149 49 7 4 26 6 3

9-28
 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
FUTURE OUTLOOK
India is ranked as third largest producer of
crude steel in the world. The Steel Industry in
general is on the upswing due to strong growth in
demand propelled by the strong domestic demand
for steel part icular ly fr om the Constructi on,
Manufacturing and Automotive sectors. India is
also the largest producer of sponge iron in the
world. The economic reforms and the consequent
liberalisation of the Iron & Steel Sector brought a
sea change in the Industry, particularly in the field
of greenfield steel plants in the Private Sector.
The growth of the St eel Sector is linked
intricately with the growth of the Indian economy,
especially with growth of the steel consuming
se ct or s. T h e Bu dget 201 7 m a i n t a i n ed t h e
consistent and pragmatic emphasis on providing
impetus to attract investment for fuelling large
scale infrastructure development. This coupled
with 12 th Five Year Plan's target of trillion dollar
9-29
infrastructure investment are big positives for
steel demand.
As per the report of the Working Group on
Mineral Exploration and Development (other
th an coa l & l ign ite) for XII Five Year Pl an
(2012-17) of the erstwhile Planning Commission,
technologies for agglom eration, pelletisation
and direct use of fines to produce steel and taken
up to achieve the national goal to produce 200
million tonnes per annum of steel by 2020.
The New Steel Policy, 2017 aspires to achieve
300 MT of steel making capacity by 2030. The new
Steel Policy further seeks to increase per capita
steel consumption to the level of 160 kg by 2030
from the existing level of around 60 kg.
The World Steel Association forecasts that
global steel demand will increase by 1.3% and 0.9%
in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Global steel demand
over the next decade will mainly depend on the
emerging and developing economies.